Volume 8 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Sacred groves are the storehouse of rare and endemic species & maintain several ecological functions. This paper enumerates the bryophyte diversity of two sacred groves of Kannur district. Collection were made before and after the monsoon. Around 18 species were collected from the sacred groves and 6 species were common in both sites. Among the collected specimens 8 belongs to liverwort, 2 were hornwort and 8 mosses. This study has added 4 species to the flora of Kannur district and one species to the flora of Kerala. Further investigation on ecological aspects of these plants are also recommended. Since the area was not well explored, it helps to thrive light on future studies on the bryophytes in the district, Kannur.

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Sacred groves, bryophyte, ecological aspects

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ABSTRACT: The quality of education in India is a challenge to the nation. With the development of information and communication technology (ICT), knowledge acquisition process is not just limited to the four walls of traditional classroom. To bring the best quality learning resources across the country, Government of India has bring a modern educational method called as �Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)� to attract extensive attention by educational circles. The MOOC is the modern quality education tool to educate the large number of people at minimum cost and efforts. MHRD is making good efforts to develop online national portal for quality education called SWAYAM. With a view to providing access government started the project of �Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds� (SWAYAM). SWAYAM offers online courses to any learner of the nation at free/minimum cost with the help of ICT based on edX platform. The quality of SWAYAM is based on the quality of the course content, content creators and the learners. It will help the nation in skill development program thorough which the employment and skilled manpower is created. The success of SWAYAM is depends on the learners, government, national agencies like UGC, NPTEL, IGNOU, CBSE, NCERT & NIOS and the educational institutions in the country. The objective of the paper will be to focus on the rise of MOOCs and SWAYAM beneficial for mass in India.

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MOOC, SWAYAM, MHRD, ICT, Modern Education.

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Abstract: Industrialization made a drastic change in human life. The 19th and 20th century created a well developed different scenario at global level. Gender discrimination about job and career is decreasing day-by-day but yet women are suffering at workplace mentally and physically. They are tortured by men at workplace in several ways. The impact of mental condition affect to the work and responsibilities given at workplace and even it affects at home too. Women are more sincere about their responsibilities and jobs at compare to men. Organization aims to have minimum input output and maximum output. Profit is the main motto of any organization. The current scenario show that in many companies and organizations the number of working women in increasing. In India, including Air force to private companies, government jobs, women are working from lower post to high post. After proving self-skills, they are still apart of harassment at home and in an organization. The stressful mind effects in a negative way on the work and workplace. The current paper is an attempt to focus on the impact of working women�s stressful mind on the organizational growth. Key Words: Women, workplace, stress, organization, financial crises, family matter etc.

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Key Words: Women, workplace, stress, organization, financial crises, family matter etc.

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The fluctuating religious profile of Indian population has a robust influence on the current history of India and it remains to be among the chief determining factor of the conflict on the Indian subcontinent. Consequently, it is likely to acquire an impartially laborious depiction of the fluctuations in the relative populations of diverse religions for the period enclosed by the census operations. In order to progress the effectiveness of guidelines, these need to be studied. The objectives of the paper entitled �Demographic Implication Of Changing Religious Composition In India: Brief Analysis Of 2011 Census Report� are to study the trend of population growth among major religious groups and changing growth rates in India; to highlight the spatial concentration and disparity of major religious groups and to study the demographic consequences of the varying form of religious composition. The research work is fundamentally based on secondary data collected from different government published handbooks. The collected data are then observed properly and then organized, tabulated and processed from transformation of the raw facts into beneficial information. The new in this study that may helpful and useful to readers is to know the religious composition of population in a spatial temporal pattern and Religious Composition and Literacy Rate as Spatial Analysis as Per 2011 Census.

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 Keywords

Religious groups; Demographic; Composition; Changing; Pattern.

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Background: Urbanisation is among one of the factors which contribute to demographic shifts from rural to urban areas in the last few decades. But, due to non accessibility and unaffordability of healthcare services in urban areas, there has also been an emerging trend of reverse urbanization. In this context, accessibility and affordability of health services in urban areas become an important criterion to evaluate healthcare institutions contribution to the health status of the community. The current paper intended to explore the status and challenges Swasthya Suvidha Kendra (SSK ), a new cadre of infrastructure formed at slum level in cities of Chhattisgarh state under NUHM, are facing since its inception and recommended how the system could bridge these to provide better services to the slum community. Materials and Methods: For this, cross sectional and explorative research design was selected. The study was carried out in five randomly selected SSK from two cities of the Chhattisgarh state named Raipur and Durg in the year 2013-14. Data were collected through a pre-designed, pre-tested semi-structured schedule, and checklist. For recording the system process part, observation method was applied. Results: The study findings revealed that proper provisioning of infrastructure with an integrated system at the slum level will ensure accessibility and affordability. However, contact with the community by the grassroots level service provider leads to create rigor inaccessibility and affordability for the community. Further, it can also be seen that there are many challenges remain in making functional the SSK in the state and it can bridge through convergence and capacity development. Conlcusion: For delivering a quality health services in the urban health center, proer supply chain management must plan by the government and capacity of the frontline workers must be developed to address the need of the urban area with a online monitoring system.

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Urban, Sub-center, accessibility, urban Poor, Universal health coverage

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ABSTRACT Evaluation of a drug ensures the identity of a drug and determines the standard and purity of medicine by moisture content for the control of microbial contamination and adulteration of chemicals in crude drugs. Total ash is beneficial in detecting the crude drugs that are mixed with various. this study reveals the various sorts of ash value are important for detecting low grade products like, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash. the half of moisture content is highest and same in Duranta erecta L. and Lippia alba (Mill.) ex N.E .Britton & P.Wilson whereas minimum in Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene followed by Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. and therefore the highest total ash prefers to found in Duranta erecta and lowest in Stachytarpheta jamaicensis.

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Ash value, moisture content, pharmacognosy

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Abstract: The two Ecotypes of Allium hookeri Thwaites were collected from two different agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand for comparative stomatal studies. For stomatal studies leaf is divided into three parts and peeling was done with the help of razor. Peeled material were stained in safranin and mounted in glycerin. Then stomatal index as well as stomatal length and width were calculated by using ocular micrometer. The maximum length (50.0�1.73�) was observed in apex portion of the abaxial surface of Ecotype-II and the minimum length (36.3�0.39�) was observed in the abaxial surface of the basal portion of the ecotype-I. The maximum width size (18.4�0.84�) was observed in the middle portion of the abaxial surface of ecotype -II and the minimum width was (12.09�0.74�) at the apex portion of the adaxial surface of ecotype. Stomatal index was (16.07�1.16) which was maximum in the adaxial surface of the Ecotype-II and minimum in the apex portion of the both abaxial and adaxial surface (10.02�0.811). Through this investigation it must be concluded that anomocytic type of stomata is present in both the ecotypes. However there are some differences in the stomatal index, length and width of stomata. Stomatal study is helpful in understanding the biosystematic studies.

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Index Terms - Allium hookeri, Stomatal index, Anomocytic, Ecotype, Biosystematic.

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School Safety, Gujarat, Review, Literature, Disaster

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Histological and Histopathological observations were made on infected and non-infected digestive gland of snails, Lymnea luteola. Infected digestive gland either with Rediae of cercaria microcaeca (Distome) revealed basically histopathological abnormalities showing the presence of reduced amount of lipids. Alteration either histological or histochemical in infected digestive gland are associated with the type of size of trematode larvae and degree and parasitism and these were greater in digestive glands of infected with sporocysts than in rediae. The amount of lipid increases in the digestive cells of the snails lymnea luteola. The cercariae are directly responsible for the change in the lipid content of the digestive glands of the host shell. The parasites may not take lipids as their food, but accumulation of fatty substances is a direct consequence of carbohydrate metabolism.

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Histopathology, digestive gland, Lymnea luteola, cercaria microcaeca,cercaria dimorpha.

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Dividend income has been taxed in India since the inception of the Income Tax Act, 1961 under the head other sources. However, taxation of dividend incomes has seen a turmoil due to the manifold amendments over the years. The manner of taxing dividend has also undergone changes. Earlier, it was taxable in the hands of the recipient shareholders and thereby required the companies to deduct tax at source. And then, it required the domestic companies to pay a dividend distribution tax on declaration, distribution or payment of dividends out of its current or accumulated profits to its shareholders. However, currently it has again been made taxable in the hands of recipient shareholders. This shift would have created havoc for the recipient shareholders as well as the companies distributing its profits to its shareholders. This paper makes an attempt to review the tax treatment of dividend income from domestic companies on equity shares in the hands of individual shareholders over period commencing from 1997, when corporate taxation in India witnessed major amendments, till 2020 along with the reasons as stated by the then Honourable Finance Minister in his / her Union Budget Speech.

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Dividend, Dividend Distribution Tax, Dividend Tax, Individual, Equity Shareholders

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