Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Quantum computing presents a transformative opportunity for industrial economies. This paper analyses the strategic opportunity for Indian industry--focusing on Andhra Pradesh under the 'Viksit Andhra 2047' roadmap--to harness quantum technologies for economic growth, competitiveness and resilience. Using comparative case studies from the United States, China and the European Union, sectoral deep-dives (pharmaceuticals, agriculture/logistics, financial services, and energy/climate), and applied economic projections, the article maps policy, institutional and investment pathways to unlock quantum-driven value. Key recommendations cover the establishment of quantum industrial zones, workforce development, public-private partnerships, and phased investment milestones. Empirical projections suggest that targeted quantum adoption across priority sectors could contribute an incremental 2-4% to Andhra Pradesh GSDP by 2035 and create 80,000-150,000 direct and indirect jobs by 2035 under a proactive policy stance.

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Quantum computing; Andhra Pradesh; Viksit Andhra 2047; National Quantum Mission; industrial policy; Applied economics

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The Rohingya refugee crisis is one of the most pressing humanitarian issues in the world today. The Rohingya, a Muslim minority group from Myanmar, have faced decades of discrimination, statelessness, and violence. In 2017, a military crackdown forced hundreds of thousands to flee to neighboring Bangladesh, where they now live in overcrowded refugee camps with limited access to food, education, and healthcare. This abstract highlights the causes of the crisis, the daily struggles faced by refugees, and the lack of a strong international response. It emphasizes the urgent need for global attention, protection of human rights, and long-term solutions for the Rohingya people.

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Rohingya Refugees: A Crisis the World Can't Ignore

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ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of oxygen supplementation on heart rate recovery in National and International judokas following a Judo bout. A total of 40 judokas (20 National and 20 International) were tested under two recovery conditions: Normal recovery and Oxygen supplementation. Heart rate was recorded immediately after the bout, 3 minutes post-bout, and 5 minutes post-bout. The data were analyzed using Independent Samples t-tests to compare recovery between the two groups. Results indicated that both groups experienced reduced heart rate recovery with oxygen supplementation, but International judokas exhibited a more pronounced reduction. At all time points, National judokas showed higher heart rates than International judokas, suggesting that cardiovascular conditioning influences recovery efficiency. Oxygen supplementation was particularly beneficial for the International group, emphasizing the importance of fitness levels in optimizing recovery strategies. These findings provide insights into individualized recovery protocols, suggesting that oxygen supplementation could be a valuable tool for accelerating recovery, particularly in athletes with higher cardiovascular fitness.

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KEYWORDS Oxygen supplementation, heart rate recovery, judokas, National judokas, International judokas, cardiovascular fitness, recovery strategies, Judo, aerobic metabolism, recovery efficiency.

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Mosquito-borne diseases pose serious health risks to millions of people worldwide, as mosquitoes act as vectors for several deadly communicable diseases such as malaria, filariasis, dengue, and yellow fever. The widespread use of conventional chemical insecticides to control mosquito populations has led to the emergence of biological resistance in these vectors, along with significant adverse environmental impacts. In response, recent years have witnessed increasing research efforts focused on developing eco-friendly, plant-based alternatives particularly neem-based products for mosquito control. Neem oil, extracted from the seeds of Azadirachta indica A. (commonly known as neem), has emerged as a promising botanical insecticide effective against a wide range of medically and veterinary important mosquito species. It is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and exhibits target-specific action. Neem oil contains several biologically active compounds, primarily limonoids such as azadirachtin A, nimbin, salannin, and many others yet to be fully characterized. Among these, azadirachtin is the most potent and is chiefly responsible for the insecticidal activity. The efficacy of neem oil is largely dependent on its azadirachtin content, which in turn is influenced by the method of extraction and formulation.Neem oil can be applied directly or used in advanced formulations such as nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, or effervescent tablets. When introduced into natural mosquito breeding habitats, it acts through multiple mechanisms as an ovicide, larvicide, pupicide, and oviposition repellent. These effects are achieved by disrupting key physiological pathways in mosquito larvae or inducing physical deformities that hinder development. However, direct use of neem oil may have limitations, particularly its degradation under atmospheric conditions, which can reduce its effectiveness. Despite this, several formulations have demonstrated environmental stability and prolonged efficacy. Additionally, neem seed cake a byproduct of neem oil extraction has also shown mosquitocidal activity. One of the greatest advantages of neem-based products is their low potential for resistance development in target species, primarily due to the complex mixture of active compounds and their synergistic actions. This makes neem and its derivatives promising yet underexplored candidates for sustainable mosquito control. Objective: This study aims to formulate and evaluate herbal mosquito repellent sticks using powders of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi),and Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon) and to assess their physical, combustion, and repellent properties. MethodsTen herbal formulations were developed using different combinations of plant-based powders and natural excipients. Each formulation was evaluated based on its physical appearance, moisture content, potential for irritation, suffocating effect, ash value, burning time, smoke visibility, and mosquito repellency across various indoor environments. Results: Plants as sources of mosquito control agents Throughout history, plants have been recognized as significant sources of chemicals that may be used to control insects. They are the sources of the naturally occurring insecticidal and larvicidal substances such as nicotine and its derivatives present in pyrethrum extract (Azadirachta indica A. Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi),and Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon). The invention of the structurally similar synthetic pyrethroid, nicotinoid, and rotenoid families of insecticides, as well as the piperonyl butoxide synergist, was based on these and other naturally occurring insect repellents. Conclusion: The developed herbal sticks showed promising potential as natural, non-toxic mosquito repellents. Their effectiveness, safety, and eco-friendly nature position them as viable alternatives to chemical repellents. Further field trials and phytochemical standardization are recommended.

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Azadirachta indica. A; Eco-friendly mosquito control; Larvicide; Mosquito repellent; Neem oil formulations.

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Background: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is the most prevalent gynaecological condition among reproductive-age women, with prevalence rates up to 90%. Severe pain interferes with daily functioning in 20-50% of cases, causing absenteeism and a significant socioeconomic burden. Conventional pharmacological treatments, including NSAIDs and hormonal contraceptives, provide only partial relief for many patients and are associated with adverse effects, prompting growing interest in complementary approaches such as acupuncture and moxibustion. Objective: To synthesize clinical efficacy, safety, treatment protocols, and mechanistic insights of acupuncture-related therapies for PD from 1980 to mid-2025, thereby informing clinical practice and guiding future research. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, PMC, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov identified studies published between January 1980 and July 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and mechanistic investigations involving human participants with PD. Data were extracted on study design, interventions, outcomes, and adverse events. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool, and evidence certainty was evaluated with GRADE criteria. Results: A total of 78 studies were included: 55 RCTs (~4,500 participants), 15 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and 8 mechanistic studies. Early RCTs suggested promising effects but were limited by small sample sizes and inconsistent protocols. More recent multicentred trials demonstrated significant reductions in pain intensity (VAS ? 3.1-4.2 vs <=1.1 in sham; p<0.001), improvements in menstrual symptom scores, and enhanced quality of life. Meta-analyses further confirmed acupuncture's superiority over no treatment and, in some cases, NSAIDs. Mechanistic studies identified multiple pathways, including prostaglandin suppression (COX-2/mPGES-1), upregulation of endogenous opioids, autonomic nervous system modulation, and functional neuroplasticity in pain-related brain regions. Across studies, adverse events were mild (minor bleeding, soreness, dizziness), with no serious complications reported. Conclusions: Acupuncture, electroacupuncture, wrist-ankle acupuncture, and moxibustion are safe, well-tolerated, and effective interventions for PD, Some trials and meta-analyses suggest that acupuncture may achieve pain reductions approaching those seen with NSAIDs, although the certainty of evidence varies. Standardization of treatment protocols is improving, though methodological heterogeneity and limited evidence on long-term outcomes remain challenges. Future large-scale RCTs with extended follow-up, dose-response evaluation, cost-effectiveness analyses, and integration of omics-based mechanistic approaches are warranted to refine guidelines and facilitate the broader integration of acupuncture-based therapies into mainstream PD management.

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Primary Dysmenorrhea, Acupuncture, Electro Acupuncture, Wrist Ankle Acupuncture, Pain Management, Moxibustion, Complementary and Integrative medicine.

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Education at the higher secondary level plays a vital role in shaping both academic achievement and social development. Economics, as a subject, demands analytical reasoning as well as collaborative and interpersonal skills. However, traditional teacher-centered approaches often fail to provide opportunities for interaction and cooperation. The present study was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of cooperative learning strategies on the academic achievement and social skills of average achievers in Economics among higher secondary school students. The study adopted an experimental method with a pre-test-post-test control group design. Two groups of students (N = 100) were selected, each consisting of equal numbers of low, average, and high achievers. The control group was taught using conventional lecture-based methods, while the experimental group received instruction through cooperative learning techniques such as Jigsaw, Group Investigation, and Think-Pair-Share over a three-month period. Data were collected using an achievement test in Economics and a social skills questionnaire. Analysis using the t-test revealed that the experimental group average achievers performed significantly better in Economics achievement compared to the control group. Gender-wise analysis further indicated that both male and female students in the experimental group outperformed their counterparts in academic achievement. While no significant overall difference was observed in social skills between groups, gender-specific analysis showed that experimental group students exhibited better social skills than the control group. The findings confirm that cooperative learning is an effective instructional strategy for enhancing achievement and fostering social skills among average achievers in Economics.

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Cooperative Learning, Social Skills, Average Achievers, Economics Education, Higher Secondary School Students.

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This study explores creativity-fostering behavior among English Postgraduate Assistants in Thoothukudi District, examining differences across gender, school locality, type, and management. Using Cropley's (1997) self-rating scale, data were collected from 84 teachers and analyzed through t-tests and F-tests. Results revealed significant gender differences in the dimensions of Encouragement of Independence and Encouragement of Originality, with male teachers reporting higher levels. However, no significant differences were found concerning locality, school type, or management, suggesting equitable practices in these contexts. Moderate mean scores across dimensions such as motivation and integration indicate the need for enhanced strategies to strengthen collaboration, innovation, and emotional well-being. The study emphasizes the importance of professional development, recognition of creative teaching practices, and supportive policies to reduce gender gaps and foster originality. Recommendations highlight empowering teacher autonomy, promoting collaboration, enhancing motivation, and providing emotional support to create more innovative and inclusive learning environments.

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Creativity-fostering behavior English teachers Teacher autonomy Originality in teaching Gender differences Motivation Integration Emotional support Professional development Thoothukudi District

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This paper is about the women's conditions during the post-independence era discussed by Manju Kapur in A Married Woman. The novel is an exploration of women's lives and their relationship with other family members, tradition vs modernity, women vs women, changing roles of women and dominance of patriarchy. The story revolves around Ashta, a strong and determined woman. She suffers to be recognised in private and at public places for her individual identity, autonomy and dignity. Her resistance is against being misrecognized due to assigned gender roles and the patriarchal system of the society. She aspires to subvert the patriarchal ideologies, social norms and conventional values of family. It appears that Kapur aims to inspect how patriarchal systems, social and political norms regulate the concept of misrecognition of a woman's identity.

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Manju Kapur, misrecognition, recognition, patriarchy, identity.

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Human-AI systems are rapidly permeating high-stakes domains, yet many deployments remain technology-driven rather than human-centered. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for Human-Centered Human-AI Interaction (HC-HAII) that integrates co-design, risk management, adaptive personalization, feedback loops, and transparent governance across the full system lifecycle. We introduce CRAFT-Loop, a practical end-to-end methodology that operationalizes five core principles--Co-creation, Risk & ethics by design, Adaptivity, Feedback learning, and Transparency & accountability--embedded within a continuous Loop of monitoring and improvement. The paper contributes: (1) a conceptual synthesis of HC-HAII foundations; (2) a gap analysis of current practice; (3) the CRAFT-Loop framework with concrete artefacts, processes, and checklists; (4) an evaluation protocol that combines human-factors metrics, algorithmic audits, and field experimentation; and (5) three detailed, domain-grounded study designs (clinical decision support, AI tutoring, and public-benefits advising). We further outline implementation patterns, statistical analysis plans, governance controls, and risk mitigations. The result is a rigorous, reproducible pathway for building AI that centers human dignity, agency, and societal value while achieving measurable performance and safety.

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Human-AI interaction, co-design, AI governance, trust calibration, participatory design, algorithmic transparency, fairness, evaluation.

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