Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

This research study examines the impact that overconfidence bias and loss aversion of investors have on their investment decisions. Under behavioral finance, cognitive biases have been proven to lead to less-than-ideal decision making outcomes for investors. Overconfidence bias and loss aversion, which are characterized by an optimistic and conservative approach respectively, seemingly tend to pull investors in opposite directions. A juxtaposed analysis can offer a more nuanced understanding of the interrelation of such biases and the subsequent effect of psychological aspects on investment decisions. The study focused on young adults in the district of Ernakulam in Kerala, aged from 18 to 30 years. Key findings suggested overconfidence bias to be strongly associated with an increased level of risk tolerance among investors. In contrast, investors exhibiting loss aversion tended to be less risk tolerant than others. This research contributes to the existing literature on the influence of cognitive biases and heuristics on investment decisions by examining investor behaviour and risk attitude in the cultural and socio-economic context of Kerala while providing nuanced insights into how community influences, regional norms, and financial practices shape such tendencies.

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 Keywords

Overconfidence Bias, Loss Aversion, Investment Risk Tolerance, Cognitive Biases, Behavioral Finance, Investment Behavior

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 Abstract

The Viksit Bharat vision focuses on inclusive development, in the context of which digital empowerment is a major cornerstone of the socio-economic development. The elderly citizens are one of the most susceptible targets in this digital transition as they are usually challenged by technological literacy, access, and trust towards the digital platforms. The chapter discusses the importance of digital literacy in empowering the elderly, particularly by increasing their capacity to embrace and successfully utilize mobile payment applications and associated digital products and services. The study by relying on secondary sources and empirical insights explores the way digital literacy programs can reduce the generation gap in technology adoption, enhance financial inclusion, and the quality of life of the elderly. The results indicate that the elderly people are becoming more enlightened on the advantages of digital tools, but the lack of skills and confidence is still a critical challenge. Enhancing digital literacy by providing specific training, easy-to-use technologies and favourable policies is thus important.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Viksit Bharat, Mobile payment, Digital literacy, Elderly people.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The maxillary central incisors are the teeth most commonly impacted by traumatic dental injuries, which are common in children and teenagers. Crown fractures, particularly Ellis Class III involving the pulp, not only compromise function and esthetics but also have psychological and social implications. The management of such cases requires a balance between durability, conservation of tooth structure, and esthetic outcome. This case report presents the management of an Ellis Class III fracture in a 12-year-old male patient using endodontic treatment followed by fiber-reinforced post and core restoration and a provisional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) crown. Fiber posts were selected over standard metal posts because of their optimal stress distribution, reduced chairside time, improved aesthetics, and modulus of elasticity comparable to dentin. The treatment resulted in excellent esthetic and functional rehabilitation, demonstrating that fiber-reinforced posts provide a predictable, conservative, and patient-friendly option in the management of complicated anterior crown fractures in young patients.

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 Keywords

Ellis Class III fracture, traumatic dental injury, fiber post, post and core, esthetic dentistry, pediatric dentistry, anterior crown fracture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The expansion of the gig economy has emerged as a defining feature of labor market transformation in India, offering new forms of work that are flexible, technology-driven, and accessible to a wide range of workers. Digital platforms in ride-hailing, food delivery, freelancing, and logistics have opened alternative pathways for livelihood, particularly for rural-to-urban migrants and those historically excluded from formal employment channels. This paper examines the dual role of the gig economy in shaping migration and supporting employment, while also assessing its implications for inclusive growth and policy frameworks. Drawing on secondary sources including government reports, industry analyses, and international labor studies, the discussion shows that gig platforms provide low-entry employment opportunities that reduce reliance on informal networks, enhance income stability, and facilitate financial inclusion through digital transactions. Furthermore, these platforms encourage participation among women, youth, and marginalized groups, broadening access to urban labor markets. At the same time, the paper highlights the challenges of insecure earnings, lack of social protection, and regulatory gaps that may undermine the sustainability of gig work. It argues that policy interventions promoting fair compensation, social security coverage, and skill development are essential to ensure the gig economy evolves as a driver of equitable and sustainable growth.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gig economy, Migration, Employment, Financial inclusion, Inclusive growth

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: Adventure, Exploration, Enlightenment, Imperialism, Robinson Crusoe

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Health is a critical aspect of human life, and continuous health monitoring becomes especially important for aged patients who are more vulnerable to chronic illnesses and sudden medical emergencies. Traditional health assessments are often periodic and insufficient to detect real-time variations in a patient's condition. Bringing aged patients oftenly to the hospital for regular health check up and follow up is a hectic and sometimes difficulty due to incapability of aged people. It not only consumes time but also aged patient gets tired. To address this gap, a low-power Internet of Things (IoT) framework is developed for remote health state analysis and emergency localization of elderly individuals, Where the health condition is monitored in the patient's home from the hospital. The patient is treated immediately during any irregularity occurs in health conditions by refering Patient health history recorded for further treatment. The system integrates wearable sensors to measure vital parameters such as body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and surrounding gas levels. A Global Positioning System (GPS) module is incorporated to track the patient's location in case of emergencies. All collected data are transmitted through IoT and stored in a cloud server for real-time access by family doctors, enabling timely intervention. The proposed framework enhances patient safety, reduces response delays, and provides a scalable solution for elderly healthcare

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 Keywords

IoT, Elderly Care, Health Monitoring, Low-Power Wearable System, Remote Patient Surveillance, Emergency Localization, Cloud Computing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research was carried out to enhance library services at the L.N. Mithila University Library through the application of management functions. The objective of this study is to assess library management's role in improving services at the L.N. Mithila University Library. The research employs qualitative methods, utilizing observation, interviews, and document analysis for data collection. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of a college library service is influenced by the satisfaction and appropriateness of library users, who are both consumers and providers of information needs. High-quality service is likely to attract visitors and enhance the library's role as an information hub. Essentially, the quality indicators of library services are intrinsically linked to the impact of management functions integrated into library management, which include planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Library management involves the organization and administration of the library concerning human resources, systems, information sources, service functions, and overall library operations to achieve set objectives. The L.N. Mithila University Library has currently adopted library management practices in line with established management processes and functions, as outlined in policies and standard operating procedures for each service. While these practices have been implemented and are functioning effectively, the application of library management is an ongoing process that continues to evolve, with improvements in planning, organizing, directing, and controlling to meet established goals.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Library services, Library management, Library operations, Improvements, Organizational goals.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper explains the differences of the character, Spider-Man, across eight cinematic adaptations - Spider-Man (2002), Spider-Man 2 (2004), Spider-Man 3 (2007), The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). Using the frameworks of adaptation theory and intertextuality, the study shows how each film portrays the core identity of Spider-Man while considering different cultural contexts, movie trends, and audience expectations. Through comparative analysis, the paper identifies thematic, narrative, and performative differences in the portrayal of Peter Parker, highlighting the unique directorial works of Sam Raimi, Marc Webb, and Jon Watts. Adaptive theory helps trace how source materials like comic texts - are transformed for different cinematic eras, While in intertextuality, when we look at how different versions of Spider-Man are created, we see that each new one changes from the older ones. This creates a larger story about the character's development. Ultimately, Spider-Man isn't just a superhero; he's a symbol whose changing identity shows how society and storytelling have evolved over time, reflecting different generations and beliefs.

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adaptation, intertextuality, superhero, identity, generations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rationale of this research on customer satisfaction will assist us to know the requirements and the Wants of the customers over credit cards. The significance of credit card usage in online shopping is very crucial and plays a significant role in the economy of one country. The research might give relevant and timely facts on the preference level of customer with respect to credit card. Since the aims of this research are to examine the customer satisfaction and to determine the consumer preference towards the usage of credit cards, 150 customers were taken, and received the different responses according to the questionnaire method.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Credit card, Customer satisfaction, Customer preference, Online purchasing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The tax system in digital era has arisen as a transformative force, reforming the scenery of tax collection, reporting, and administration. Digitalization involves the integration of technology and digital tools to streamline traditionally labor-intensive processes. It enables efficiency gains through automated data entry, real-time validation, and precise calculations, resulting in faster processing times. This not only reduces delays--such as in tax refunds--but also alleviates the administrative burden on taxpayers. Additionally, shifting to digital platforms substantially lowers costs associated with paper-based documentation, physical storage, and manual labour. The digitalisation of the tax system in India marks a significant shift towards greater efficiency, transparency, and compliance in public finance management. This study explores the evolution, implementation, and impact of digital tax initiatives undertaken by the Indian government, including the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), e-filing of income tax returns, the Tax Information Network (TIN), and the adoption of faceless assessment systems. Through a combination of policy analysis and secondary data review, the research evaluates the effectiveness of these digital tools in reducing tax evasion, improving taxpayer services, and enhancing revenue collection. It also highlights challenges such as digital literacy, cybersecurity risks, and infrastructural limitations that hinder widespread adoption. The study concludes with recommendations to strengthen the digital tax ecosystem through policy refinement, stakeholder education, and technological upgrades to ensure an inclusive and robust tax administration framework in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tax, Digitalization, tax administration, e-filing, tax evasion.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition