Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

In Indian film industries the movie focus about significant underlying psychological issues that has not been talked enough and by discussing portrayal of complex characters. The South Indian film Manichithrathazhu (1993), it's a seminal Malayalam psychological thriller which explores themes like complex of a women fractured identity, trauma and relationships the character portrays the underlying medical issues which connected to chronic trauma, the character is exposed to traumatic circumstances over an extended period. The character Ganga, a young woman moved to ancestral house and she get possessed by the spirit of Nagavalli, a dance in earlier centuries. The character Ganga in Manichitrathazhu is analysed as a woman who is unknowingly suffered from Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) due to the loneliness and repressed emotion developed even from the childhood, begin experiencing mentally distressed linked to a tragic historical past. The paper examines the profound impact Ganga's mental crisis affect her husband, Nakhulan (Suresh Gopi). His role depicted as a deeply loving partner who attempted to conventional means evolve into the selfless struggle for save his partner. Nakhulan's role highlights the importance a supportive and understanding partner in the phase of psychological crisis, even also when his partner confronting overwhelming obstacles. By summarizing the abstract this paper explores various types of psychological issues showing the unspoken reality of the society that has not focused or discussed in any particular scenario. Through this depiction of these fragmented psyches, these movies offer a lens through which to understand the psychological issue of individuals.

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 Keywords

relationship, trauma, psychological crisis, conventional, struggle, reality

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TRUTH IN FICTION:Unveiling Social Injustice "Unveiling the Real Stories Behind the Myths " Paavai Kathakal, when interpreted through the lens of subaltern theory, reveals the unheard and unseen narratives of women, marginalized castes, and religious minorities in Indian society. This paper aims to explore the intersectionality of caste, religion, and gender within the cinematic framework of Paavai Kathakal. Situating it within the broader socio-political context of India over the last two decades. The narrative structure, characterization, and visual symbolism, the film is analyzed as a voice for the voiceless, representing women from Dalit, Adivasi, and minority communities who navigate layers of oppression. The paper further evaluates the gendered portrayal of morality and victimhood, exposing how women's bodies often become sites of caste and communal violence. Through a subaltern lens, Paavai Kathakal not only critiques hegemonic narratives but also reconstructs alternative histories that challenge dominant cultural ideologies. Society, as reflected in the film, often disguises systemic oppression as cultural values or moral duty. From a subaltern perspective, the anthology becomes a space of resistance -- not just storytelling but truth-telling -- offering alternative histories where the marginalized attempt to reclaim their narrative. Drawing on Spivak's critical question, "Can the Subaltern Speak?", this paper argues that Paava Kadhaigal answers through cinema: the subaltern speaks, bleeds, resists -- and demands to be heard.We aim to prove how social injustice rooted in caste and societal norms oppresses marginalized voices, limiting freedom, love, and identity.

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Key words :Subaltern, Women, Symbolism ,Morality, Victimhood

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Background of the Study: Nyctophobia is a relatively rare specific phobia characterized by an irrational and persistent fear of darkness. While often associated with childhood, it can persist into adulthood and significantly impact daily functioning. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding the risk factors and warning signs of Nyctophobia among affected individuals. Methodology: The study targeted individuals aged 35 to 40 years. A total of 20 clients were selected based on their scores using the Nyctophobia Severity Scale (PSS) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Participants were given a self-administered questionnaire focused on identifying their knowledge of Nyctophobia risk factors and warning signs. Outcome Measures: Participants' knowledge levels were assessed using the questionnaire, specifically examining awareness of risk factors related to Nyctophobia. Results: Among the 20 clients, 50% demonstrated poor knowledge (0-50%), 25% had moderate knowledge (51-75%), and the remaining 25% showed good knowledge (76-100%) regarding the risk factors and warning signs of Nyctophobia. Conclusion: The study revealed that a majority of individuals with Nyctophobia had limited knowledge about its associated risk factors and warning signs. These findings highlight the need for increased education and awareness to support early recognition and effective management of the condition.

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knowledge, Risk factors, warning signs of Nyctophobia, selected community

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This study investigates the impact of circuit training and Thera-band exercises on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Percentage of Body Fat among middle-aged men. A pre-test and post-test experimental design was employed, with participants divided into Circuit Training Group (CTG), Thera-band Group (TBG), and a Control Group (CG). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. Results revealed significant improvements in BMI and Percentage of Body Fat in both intervention groups, with circuit training demonstrating the highest effectiveness. These findings emphasize the importance of structured training programs in optimizing body composition and overall health in middle-aged men.

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Circuit training, Thera-band exercises, Body Mass Index, Percentage of Body Fat, middle-aged men.

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Abstract: Women entrepreneurship in India has gained considerable attention in recent decades due to its potential to transform the socio-economic fabric of the country. Women are increasingly stepping into entrepreneurial roles across various sectors, breaking stereotypes, and contributing significantly to employment generation, poverty alleviation, and innovation. However, despite their progress, women entrepreneurs continue to face a host of challenges, ranging from financial constraints and socio-cultural barriers to lack of institutional support and limited access to markets. This paper explores the economic potential of women entrepreneurs in India by analysing secondary data from government reports, international organizations, and scholarly research. The study emphasizes the importance of unlocking this potential through gender-sensitive policies, financial inclusion, digital empowerment, mentorship, and supportive ecosystems. Solutions are suggested in alignment with the objectives of the study. The findings reveal that women entrepreneurship can act as a multiplier effect for economic growth, contributing to India's GDP, job creation, and inclusive development. If adequately supported, women entrepreneurs could redefine India's trajectory as a global economic powerhouse.

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Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Economic Potential, India, Gender Equality, Inclusive growth, financial inclusion.

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Buddhist thought, with its emphasis on interdependence, compassion, and non-harming (ahi?s?), offers a profound framework for addressing contemporary environmental crises. This paper explores how Buddhist principles such as dependent origination (prat?tyasamutp?da), impermanence (anicca), non-self (an?tman), and compassion (karu??) inform an environmental ethic grounded in responsibility, restraint, and reverence for life. Drawing on classical texts, modern interpretations by Buddhist leaders, and recent scholarship, the paper argues that Buddhist environmental ethics is not only compatible with ecological sustainability but also provides a spiritual and philosophical depth often missing in secular ecological discourse. By situating Buddhist ecological thought within both classical Indian traditions and global environmental philosophy, the paper contributes to ongoing debates on how ancient wisdom can guide contemporary ecological responsibility.

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interdependence, impermanence, environmental, ancient

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Solid lipid nanoparticles, Mesalazine, Colon-specific drug delivery, Inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative colitis, Nanotechnology

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Abstract Gratitude is a core prosocial emotion with measurable effects on brain systems subserving reward, salience, attention, interoception, and emotion regulation. Converging evidence from functional neuroimaging, psychophysiology, and intervention studies suggests that trait- and state-gratitude are associated with increased activity and connectivity in prefrontal and cingulo-opercular control networks, reduced amygdala reactivity to threat, modulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic circuits, improved heart-rate variability (HRV), and downstream effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These changes are consistent with enhanced neuroplasticity--both synaptic and systems-level--supporting resilience, affective balance, and adaptive autobiographical memory processing. This paper synthesizes current findings on the neural correlates and mechanisms of gratitude, proposes a neuropsychological model linking gratitude to identity reconstruction via the Internal Autobiographical Map (IAM), and outlines evidence-based clinical applications for trauma recovery and stress-related disorders. Practical protocols and measurement guidelines are provided, alongside limitations and future research priorities.

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Gratitude, Neuropsychology, Brain Plasticity, Autobiographical Memory, Stress Regulation, HPA Axis, Vagal Tone, Resilience, Trauma Recovery, Identity

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The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 brings about a great change in educational technology in India, with use of technology recognized as a central pillar of implementation of NEP 2020. This study explores the ways in which digital tools and digital platforms are being utilized to support implementation of NEP 2020, in areas including school education, higher education, teacher education, assessment and content delivery. Some of the significant initiatives identified include DIKSHA, SWAYAM, National Digital Education Architecture (NDEAR), and the growing use of AI for personalized learning. An overarching theme explored is the current inequities to access digital learning, particularly in rural and economically disadvantaged communities were infrastructure and connectivity barriers limit equity for delivery of education. Analysis of government reports, case studies, and expert interviews provide clear and significant indications about opportunities and challenges for digital education and NEP 2020. Findings indicate that technology holds immense testament to innovation, however the success of implementation relies on addressing infrastructure barriers, building digital literacy of educators, and supporting the development in inclusive content. The paper concludes with practical next steps to continue to advance digital education in India for equitable access to education for learners from all socio-economic and geographical backgrounds.

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Digital Education, NEP 2020 Implementation, Educational Technology, Equity and Access, Infrastructure and Digital Literacy.

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This paper focuses on the story of Tawaifs and Courtesans in the state of Awadh from 18 th to 20 th century. It tries to bring out the role, influence and status held by them under the Nawabs, the categories in which they were divided, their interference into the state politics through their royal and rich patrons like Governors and Ministers, their rich and lavish lifestyle which they maintained with great skill even without any fixed assignment of jagirs with, their attempt to rule out the norms of the patriarchal society and achieving a separate identity of their own. Their role in shaping, preserving, polishing and popularising the culture of Awadh throughout India, their national awakening and the attempt to contribute to the Independence Movement by registering active presence initially in the revolt of 1857 and later on, by being the part of Congress Meetings and the Movements led by Gandhi. In the later part, the paper highlights their sad downfall, loss of patronage with the coming of the Britishers as a political power and annexation of Awadh, the cruel treatment done by the them, assimilating and merging the dignified Courtesans and Tawaifs into the category of Prostitutes and using them for the pleasure of their soldiers, apart from the role of Britishers, their dignity was also lowered by the changing norms of the society and definition of purity, which was now attached to marriage and veil. Thus, in the changing times i.e. after the downfall of Nawabs and with the coming of the Britishers, Courtesans and Tawaifs always lived on the margins of the cultured society.

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Dereydar , Khandani , Khanjari, Monsem.

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