Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Hydrogel herbal patch combines the beneficial properties of hydrogels, such as biocompatibility and controlled drug release, with the therapeutic potential of herbal extracts. These patches are designed for topical application, offering a moist wound. healing environment and delivering active herbal compounds directly to the affected area. They can be particularly useful for treating wounds, skin conditions, or delivering localized drug therapies. Hydrogel herbal patches represent a convergence of two promising fields: hydrogel technology and herbal medicine. Hydrogels, with their ability to absorb large amounts of water and form a gel-like structure, they provide an ideal environment for wound healing. by maintaining moisture and facilitating nutrient exchange. Furthermore, their biocompatibility and capacity for controlled drug release makes them suitable for delivering therapeutic substances directly to the site of application.

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 Keywords

Hydrogel Patch, Chitosen, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Polyethylene Glycol, etc.

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Objective: The present review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br., emphasizing its traditional applications, phytochemical profile, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, safety aspects, and recent advancements in formulation strategies for improved clinical utility. Methodology: Relevant literature was collected from scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering ethnopharmacological reports, phytochemical analyses, pharmacological investigations, and formulation studies up to 2024. Keywords used were "Wrightia tinctoria," "psoriasis," "flavonoids," "anti-inflammatory," "phytoconstituents," and "formulations." Articles focusing on traditional uses, bioactive compounds, pharmacological mechanisms, toxicity studies, and modern drug delivery systems were critically reviewed and analyzed. Results: Wrightia tinctoria was found to be traditionally employed in the treatment of dermatological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and infectious disorders. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, kaempferol), triterpenoids (lupeol, amyrin), sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and fatty acids. Experimental evidence supports its anti-psoriatic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and wound-healing activities. Mechanisms of action involve modulation of oxidative stress, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, normalization of keratinocyte proliferation, and regulation of immune pathways. Novel delivery systems such as nanoemulsions, liposomes, and phytosomes demonstrated improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Toxicological assessments indicated general safety at therapeutic doses, though comprehensive clinical validation is limited. Conclusion: Wrightia tinctoria integrates traditional knowledge with modern pharmacological evidence and represents a promising candidate for safe and effective herbal therapeutics, particularly in dermatological conditions such as psoriasis. However, large-scale clinical trials, standardization of extracts, and detailed mechanistic studies are necessary to establish its therapeutic reliability and facilitate regulatory acceptance.

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Wrightia tinctoria, anti-psoriatic, phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional medicine, formulation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper investigates the significance of the Historical School of Jurisprudence within the framework of the 21st-century globalized legal landscape. It delves into the School’s origins, core theories, and the contributions of prominent jurists such as Savigny and Puchta, juxtaposing its emphasis on organic legal evolution with the hierarchical methodologies of natural law and legal positivism. Through a thorough literature review, the paper underscores how the historical and cultural specificity promoted by the Historical School enables contemporary legal systems to reconcile the demands of globalization with the necessity for stability, continuity, and reverence for tradition. By engaging with the discussions surrounding the globalization and localization of law, this study concludes that the perspectives of the Historical School are essential for facilitating legal reforms that are both progressive and attuned to context

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School of jurisprudence

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper investigates fuzzy lucky labeling for book graphs and friendship graphs. We prove that two fuzzy values suffice for multi-page book graphs, while three are required for proper fuzzy lucky labeling of friendship graphs. These constructive results establish the minimal labeling numbers and contribute to the theory of fuzzy graphs, with potential applications in network modeling.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper investigates fuzzy lucky labeling for book graphs and friendship graphs. We prove that two fuzzy values suffice for multi-page book graphs, while three are required for proper fuzzy lucky labeling of friendship graphs. These constructive results establish the minimal labeling numbers and contribute to the theory of fuzzy graphs, with potential applications in network modeling.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN ATTENDING OPD AT NMCH, JAMUHAR

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Capparis divaricata is used as antiseptic, in asthma, stomach problems and post-delivery complaints in tribal medicine. The present investigation has been focussed on leaf extracts of C. divaricate, screened for phytochemicals, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity. Total phenols and total antioxidants were estimated using Folin-ceocaltue reagent and ammonium molybdate reduction assay respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 2,6,6- trimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ylamine,1,6;2,3-dianhydro-4-deoxy-?-d-lyxo-hexopyranose, Heptanal, Oleic acid, Octanol, 3-nonen-2-ol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol,cis, Z,z,z-1,4,6,9-nona decatetraene, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester, (all-z)-, Bisnorallocholanic acid. 1,2-pentadiene 4-methoxy-4-methyl o, Glutaraldehyde, naphthalene propanol, a- thyldecahydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)- a, 5, 8a-trimethyl-2-methyl. Free-radical scavenging activity was correlated with total phenolic content and total antioxidants. Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts were effective on B. Subtilis and K. pneumonia respectively. The results support the use of plant in the traditional medicines might be useful in various medicaments after thorough in vivo studies.

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Capparis divaricata, Heptanal, Oleic acid, Octanol, 3-nonen-2-ol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol, Antibacterial activity, antioxidant potential.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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An overview of the technology and its potential applications is provided in this article. In addition, this paper will examine how artificial intelligence technologies are currently used in computer games, accounting databases, medical image classification, hospital inpatient care, network intrusion, power system stabilisation (PSS) design, medical are a medicine, and to protect computer and communication networks from intruders. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligences? digital technologies is transforming the pr sector, redefining drug discovery distribution and patient care. Develop In many capacities, intelligent machines will eventually replace or improve human talents. The intelligence displayed by software or robots is known as artificial intelligence. It belongs to the domain of computer science. The study of artificial intelligence is growing in popularity among computer scientists since it has greatly improved human lives in many ways. The performance of the industrial and service systems has significantly increased over the last 20 years because to artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence research has spawned the expert system, a fast-expanding technology. Expert systems, a type of application of artificial intelligence, are frequently employed nowadays to tackle complicated issues in a variety of industries, including science, engineering, commerce, medicine, and weather forecasting. The quality and efficiency have increased in the sectors using artificial intelligence.

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Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Components, global impact, Drug discovery, online pharmacy platforms

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Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are considered the backbone of India's economic growth, contributing significantly to GDP, employment generation, exports, and industrial diversification. In Jharkhand, particularly in the Adityapur-Gamharia industrial region near Jamshedpur, MSMEs have developed strong linkages with large automotive companies, becoming vital components of the regional supply chain ecosystem. This paper explores the economic impact of MSMEs and entrepreneurs in Jharkhand through the lens of supply chain management (SCM). It integrates a case study of automotive MSMEs in Adityapur-Gamharia and applies a regression analysis model to empirically analyze how supply chain enablers influence MSME performance. and further develops a comparative study with the Pune automotive MSME cluster in Maharashtra. The findings reveal that while Jharkhand's MSMEs benefit from proximity to OEMs, challenges in credit access and digital adoption persist when compared to Maharashtra. The study concludes that factors like capital investment, digital adoption, credit access, and supply chain integration significantly improve MSME competitiveness and contribute to sustainable regional development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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MSMEs, Entrepreneurs, Supply Chain Management, Economic Development, Jharkhand, Regression Analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The critical role of child nutrition during school years, noting high rates of malnutrition in India, particularly in Bihar. Despite some progress, acute and chronic malnutrition remains significant issues due to factors like poverty, unhealthy diets, and insufficient dietary diversity. Processed food consumption and changing food habits have worsened the situation, especially in urban areas. Traditional nutrition interventions have had limited impact, prompting the need for more effective, context-specific approaches such as peer education. The urgent nutritional challenges in Bihar highlight the need for innovative, sustainable, and community-driven strategies to improve children's health and learning outcomes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Child, Unhealthy Eating Habits, Child Nutrition, School

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Snake Game has remained a timeless arcade classic due to its simplicity and engaging gameplay. However, traditional implementations often lack adaptability, realism, and interactive features expected by modern players. This paper presents an enhanced Snake Game framework developed using HTML5 and JavaScript, designed to provide realistic visuals and adaptive gameplay mechanics. The system introduces an environment with dynamic backgrounds, smooth animations, and emoji-based food elements that assign variable scoring values, thereby enriching the player's experience. The framework also incorporates progressive difficulty adjustment, where game speed and challenges increase with higher scores, creating a balance between entertainment and skill development. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed design significantly improves engagement, usability, and replay value compared to conventional versions. This study highlights the potential of combining lightweight web technologies with adaptive mechanics to modernize classic games for educational and entertainment purposes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Snake Game, HTML5, JavaScript, Adaptive Gameplay, Realistic Visuals, Game Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition