Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Youth mental health disparities in modern-day India are a product of the interplay of embedded social hierarchies with burgeoning digital realities. We present a comprehensive secondary data analysis that triangulates peer-reviewed academic literature, civil society reports, governmental reports, NGO reports, and statistics on cybercrime and cyber offenses from 2018-2025 to shed light on the sociopsychological basis of online discrimination and the implications to youth mental health. Results yielded higher prevalence rates of caste slurs (28%), gender harassment (34%), cyberbullying (29%) and hate speech - especially for marginalized youth; substantial declines in psychological outcomes for self-concept; trauma indicators including acute stress disorders seen at different levels; different coping strategies - heavily mediated by access to digital - urban youth having access to peered networks and rural or caste marginalized youth having close networks of family and traditions. We interpret these findings using sociopsychology with a social identity, stereotype threat, and social stress lens - how offline, deep-seated disparities will seek to reproduce or replicate in the online space - exclusions from an online space also become a mode of inequity that limits access to mental health resources and building resiliency. Triangulating the sociopsychological knowledge around youth and sociopsychological issues of digital equity provided urgency and an imperative for a converged action agenda for policy change - policy change is needed and will need strong, culture-specific legal frameworks.

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mental health disparities, online discrimination, casteism, cyberbullying, digital exclusion, India, youth mental health, social identity theory, trauma-informed care, digital equity, policy implications.

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Nutraceutical lozenges, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Probiotics, Oral health, Natural antioxidants, Herbal formulation, Buccal drug delivery, Lozenges evaluation, Nutritional supplements, Antimicrobial activity

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Introduction: Arka Prakasha, an Ayurveda treatise authored by Lankapathi Ravana, systematically details the principles, preparation, and therapeutic applications of Arka Kalpana--an ancient pharmaceutical distillation technique notable for yielding potent, fast-acting liquid formulations. This review aims to elucidate the methodology of Arka preparation as outlined in Arka Prakasha and to explore its clinical relevance and application in Women's health. Methods: A comprehensive literature review on Arka Prakasha, Arka Kalpana techniques, and their utility in Prasuti Tantra Evum Stree Roga in conditions like Yoni Shoola, Pradara Roga, Rajo Rodha, Vipluta Yoni Vyapad etc. Results: Arka Kalpana formulations derived from Arka Prakasha exhibit enhanced bioavailability and potency due to the distillation process concentrating volatile active principles. These formulations demonstrate significant applications in Women's Health. Clinical studies indicate improved symptom relief, faster recovery, and favorable safety profiles compared to other dosage forms. The distillate form facilitates patient compliance through better palatability and decreased dosing volume. Discussion: Arka Prakasha's detailed pharmacognostic classification and methodical preparation techniques provide a robust framework for utilizing Arka Kalpana in Gynecological and Obstetric care. Its therapeutic advantages lie in targeted Dosha correction, rapid action, and reduced adverse effects. Integration of Arka Kalpana into modern Gynecological practice could provide holistic adjunct treatment options. Further large-scale clinical evaluation is the scope of Research.

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Arka Prakasha, Arka Kalpana, Ayurvedic distillation, Prasuti Tantra, Stree Roga

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The postal department has been the strong foundation for the country's communication and also offers various financial services. Gradually, rather than providing communication services, post office provides many schemes for investment purpose. This paper investigated the factors influencing and awareness level of the investors about post office savings schemes in Erode district of Tamilnadu. Factors influencing investors have been analysed with the help of Garrett's Ranking Technique and awareness level of the investors about post office savings schemes were analysed using chi-square test. Primary data were collected from 474 sample investors through well - structured Interview Schedule. Data collected have been analysed using SPSS. It is found that 54% of the investors are having low level of awareness and 46% of the investors are having high level of awareness about post office savings schemes.

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Post office savings schemes, Interest rate, financial inclusion and National savings certificate.

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India's 2005 shift to a product-patent regime fundamentally reshaped pharmaceutical innovation, pricing, and competition. This paper examines how patent rules particularly Sections 3(d), 84 (compulsory licensing), and 107A (Bolar exemption) affect firm behavior and public health outcomes, with a special focus on Andhra Pradesh (AP), a fast-growing pharmaceutical and med-tech hub anchored by Visakhapatnam's Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City (JNPC), Divi's Laboratories' API facilities, and the Andhra Pradesh MedTech Zone (AMTZ). Using a mixed method doctrinal legal analysis + firm-level and cluster-level evidence we assess (i) patenting/launch patterns for APIs and formulations, (ii) spillovers on exports and employment, and (iii) access/affordability trade-offs. We interpret national precedents (e.g., Natco-Bayer compulsory licence) for their region-level implications, and map how AP's industrial policy and shared R&D/testing infrastructure mediate IPR effects. Findings aim to guide state and central decision-makers on balancing incentives for high-quality innovation with equitable access to medicines. Key recommendations include targeted R&D incentives in AP clusters, stronger Section 3(d) examination capacity, faster regulatory-IP coordination for generics under Section 107A, and cluster-wide IP facilitation cells within AMTZ/JNPC. (Key statutory anchors: Patents Act, 1970 as amended in 2005; Sections 3(d), 84, 107A.)

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Product patents; Section 3(d); Compulsory licensing; Bolar exemption; APIs; Generics; Visakhapatnam; JNPC; AMTZ; India

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The present study presents a multi-faceted understanding of consciousness-power (cicchakti), both from epistemological as well as metaphysical standpoints. From an epistemological standpoint, it (cicchakti) has been diversely portrayed, viz., 1) as the means of valid knowledge (pram??a), 2) as the valid cognition (pram?), and 3) as the knower (pram?t?). On the one hand, cicchakti, with reference to ?iva, is the fundamental force behind the manifestation of all the thirty-six tattvas, which results in the setting forth of the metaphysical foundation of the entire creation. On the other hand, cicchakti, with reference to the realm of an individual soul, is the primordial ?akti who bestows both the ability to act and the fruits corresponding to those actions as well. This study will conclude that cicchakti is of the nature of omniscience and omnipotence, and is present in both ?iva and j?va.

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Cicchakti, Consciousness-power, Epistemology, ?aivaparibh???, ?aiva Siddh?nta

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Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women and is quite a number one cause of cancer death in the global context. Predicting patient survival is also important in enhancing patient outcomes by allowing certain assurance in predicting patient survival to assist in treatment planning. Traditional approaches to survival analysis, such as the Cox proportional hazards (CoxPH) model and Kaplan-Meier curves, have been widely employed, but the majority of them do not permit full description of nonlinear associations and multi component relationships among clinical variables. To address these weaknesses, researchers have gradually been shifting to machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods that have higher predictive capabilities, thus a higher degree of risk stratification. Certain models such as DeepCoxPH, Random Survival Forests (RSF) and enhanced gradient boosting models such as EXSA, proved to have higher concordance indices and enhanced prognostic with respect to classical models, both in SEER cohort, METABRIC cohort and in institutional cohort. Moreover, robust feature engineering, validation strategy, and novel prognostic indices have been appended to encourage the model reliability and readability. This survey studies these developments in the light of combination of statistical and computational approach in prediction of survival of breast cancer. The findings confirm the potentials of intelligent models to facilitate customized prognosis and guide accurate oncology and the need to merge heterogeneous clinical and molecular data to create a predictive framework that is intelligible and generalizable.

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DeepCoxPH, Random Survival Forest (RSF), Cox Proportional Hazards (CoxPH), Gradient Boosting (EXSA, CoxBoost), Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Breast Cancer Survival

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This paper investigates the flexural performance of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) synthesized using lower-grade Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) under ambient curing conditions. The study focuses on the impact of varying sodium hydroxide molarity (6M, 8M, 10M, and 12M) in the alkaline activator solution on the flexural strength of the developed GPC mixes. GGBS with relatively lower reactivity, characterized by moderate specific surface area and CaO content, was employed to examine its viability in sustainable GPC applications. Mix proportions were kept constant across all samples with a binder-to-aggregate ratio of 1:2.5 and a liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.50. Specimens were tested for flexural strength after 7 and 28 days using a two-point loading configuration. The results indicate a consistent enhancement in flexural strength with increasing molarity of NaOH. At 28 days, Mix M1 (6M) exhibited a flexural strength of 2.48 MPa, which increased to 3.01 MPa for Mix M4 (12M), reflecting a 21.37% improvement. This trend was similarly observed in 7-day results, although with comparatively lower strength values. The rise in molarity enhances geopolymerization, leading to better bonding and denser microstructure, thereby improving mechanical performance. However, strength gains beyond 10M were marginal, suggesting a saturation threshold for molar concentration benefits. The findings support the use of low-grade GGBS as a viable binder in GPC production for flexural applications, offering a pathway for industrial waste utilization and sustainability in concrete construction.

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Flexural Performance of Geopolymer Concrete, Lower-Grade Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Sodium Hydroxide, Alkaline and Flexural Strength

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease significantly impacting patients' quality of life and functional capacity. While conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) remain the cornerstone of treatment, complementary interventions like yoga have gained attention for their potential therapeutic benefits. Objective: To systematically review and analyze the effects of yoga-based interventions on clinical, immunological, and molecular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 331 participants with rheumatoid arthritis were included. Studies evaluated yoga interventions ranging from 8 to 12 weeks compared to usual care or educational control groups. Primary outcomes included disease activity scores (DAS28-ESR), health-related quality of life measures, and various biomarkers. Data synthesis was performed using standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Meta-analysis revealed significant improvements in disease activity (pooled SMD: -0.52, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.26, p < 0.001) and fatigue scores (SMD: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.24, p < 0.001). Yoga interventions demonstrated beneficial effects on inflammatory markers, including IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-?, while enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines like TGF-? and IL-10. Molecular analyses revealed improved mitochondrial function, normalized T cell populations, and favorable gene expression patterns. Conclusions: Yoga-based interventions show promise as adjunctive therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, with evidence supporting improvements in disease activity, fatigue, and immune function. However, the limited number of studies and moderate quality of evidence necessitate further high-quality randomized controlled trials to establish definitive clinical recommendations.

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Yoga, Rheumatoid arthritis, Inflammation, Anti-inflammatory

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition