Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Purpose: This paper aims to understand the relationship between Gen Z and their family businesses in India. The study focuses on three key areas: their intent to join the family business, their interest in working there, and their preferences for inheritance. The study is looking to fill a gap in the research, as there's not much specific information on what drives Indian Gen Z heirs and how they see the difference between leading a business versus simply owning a part of it. Design/methodology/approach: The study is a mixed-methods study that will use both qualitative and quantitative research methods to get a full picture of Gen Z succession in Indian family businesses. The research will be conducted by interviewing people, the interviews are designed to explore the motive of the GENZ. Findings: The study has identified four main perspectives among Gen Z regarding the family business. Some are genuinely eager to lead and grow the company, while others are reluctant successors who want to pursue their own careers. A third group consists of cautious contributors who are willing to join but feel they can't make a significant impact. Lastly, there are the obligated heirs, who join out of a sense of duty despite wanting a different career path. Originality: The study examines the preferences of the Gen Z heirs within Indian family businesses. It gives a point of view for the intent, interest and Inheritance Preferences of the Gen Z heirs of Indian family businesses. Research limitations/implications of research: The study is limited by a small, self-reported sample from heirs alone, which may oversimplify motivations and lacks perspectives from other stakeholders, making findings context-specific to India and not broadly generalizable. Practical Implications: The study shows that while many Gen Z heirs prioritize personal careers, those who do engage bring fresh ideas, pushing family firms to rethink succession, adopt flexible roles, and benefit from stronger, more innovative leadership.

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 Keywords

Gen Z, Family Businesses, Succession Planning, Heirs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The stability constants of the complexes of p-Bromobenzoylthioacetophenone with some divalent transition metals namely Nickel, Copper, Zinc and Cadmium have been determined at three different temperatures potentiometrically. The ligand belongs to Monothio-?-diketone class of compounds. The Stepwise and Overall Stability Constants of the complexes synthesized have been determined. From a knowledge of overall stability constants, Standard change in Free energy accompanying the said complexation at all the three temperatures have been determined using the appropriate thermodynamic equation. The changes in Free energy contributing towards complex formation as also the stability of the complexes formed have been properly studied.

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p-Bromobenzoylthioacetophenone, Potentiometric Titration, Overall Stability constant, Standard change in Free energy.

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Abstract The research examines the effect of social media on Indian youth's daily life with a special focus on usage habits, likes and participation behavior. The data were gathered from respondents mainly in their 15-25 age bracket with a few younger and older respondents. Questions related to demographics, level of usage, site favorites, privacy perspectives and style of interaction were asked. Findings showed that Instagram, WhatsApp, and YouTube were the most used daily apps. However, preferred feature combinations revealed 29 patterns of behavior reflecting the heterogeneity of user intentions. Respondents indicated that the primary reasons for social media use were entertainment, networking, and education. However, they also acknowledged some frustrations such as overselling, algorithmic biasness, and platform congestion. Young people made suggestions for new features that would improve customizability, increase privacy control, and reduce distraction. Notably, content format preferences became evident as the highest interaction was recorded on short videos, reels, and other interactive elements rather than traditional text-based updates. These findings are pivotal for platform design, digital well-being, and influencer marketing strategies.

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 Keywords

Generation Z or GenZ, Social Media, Instagram, Whatsapp, Youtube, Snapchat, Social media usage, Influencers, content.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid adoption of mobile-based financial services in India has created new opportunities for cybercriminals. Maharashtra, being one of the most digitally active states, has seen a surge in mobile app-related frauds where citizens are deceived into installing fake service applications or responding to fraudulent communications. This paper documents real cases from Maharashtra where victims lost significant funds due to fraudulent mobile apps impersonating banks and financial services. The study analyzes four detailed cases; ranging from fake bank KYC apps to trading scams; and categorizes their patterns of deception. Findings reveal that fraudsters exploit trust in banking institutions, use psychological manipulation such as urgency and fear, and leverage SMS, calls, and fake apps to execute scams. This research provides a systematic analysis of fraud patterns and concludes with strong recommendations for awareness, regulation, and institutional safeguards to mitigate such threats.

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 Keywords

Mobile app fraud, Fake banking apps, Maharashtra cybercrime, UPI fraud, Financial scams

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The main cause of peptic ulcer disease, which remains a major global health burden, is an imbalance between aggressive agents like stomach acid and pepsin and mucosal defensive proteins. Although conventional drug therapies are effective, their long-term use is often associated with adverse effects and high recurrence rates. This has encouraged growing interest in herbal medicine, which are traditionally recognize for their therapeutic potential and safety. The present study Focuses on the development and evaluation of polyherbal formulation comprising. Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), curry leaves (Murraya koenigi), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), and jaggery (Saccharum officinarum). These ingredients are well documented for their nutritional value and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, carminative, and digestive-supporting effects. The formulation was prepared using a standardized procedure and subjected to preformulation studies such as particle size analysis to evaluate flow characteristics, use bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr's index, and Hausner's ratio and blend uniformity. Additional evaluation parameters were carried out to guarantee the quality and functionality of the capsule dosage form, including weight variation, disintegration time, pH, and stability testing to prove therapeutic efficacy and enable widespread applicability, more pharmacological and clinical research is advise diseases.

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 Keywords

Polyherbal formulation Digestive health Peptic ulcer Herbal medicine Gastrointestinal disorders Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Jaggery (Saccharum officinarum) Anti-ulcerogenic activity Carminative effect Capsule dosage form Pharmacognosy Stability study

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Student performance prediction is a crucial research domain which analyses the student data aiming to anticipate academic outcomes, analyze student academic performance and to identify student at risk. In this research paper one of the efficient approaches called SHAP (SHapley Additive explanations) which is mathematically grounded with game theory is used to make feature selection and final predictions. SHAP provides both global explanations (which feature is important overall) and local explanations (why a prediction was made for a particular student). In this study, we employ different machine learning algorithm Decision Tree, Random Forest, Lasso Regression, and XGBoost with SHAP based analysis for feature selection. The work is carried out with k-fold validation technique, feature overlaps and residual plots. Paired t-test is also used to verify results statistically. Results showed that SHAP integrated with Random Forest importance based selection identified a more stable and interpretable feature subset, outperforming other combinations. The study concludes that integrating SHAP with traditional feature selection improves both predictive reliability and explainability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Student performance, Explainable AI, SHAP, Random Forest, Educational Data Mining.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Rape is one of the most heinous crimes, attacking the dignity, autonomy, and humanity of women. Unlike murder, which extinguishes life, rape scars the victim's body and mind for life. The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) has brought significant changes to India's rape laws, codifying provisions under Sections 63 to 73. This paper examines the statutory framework of rape under BNS, analyzing definitions, punishments, special categories such as gang rape and offences against minors, and rules for protecting victim identity. It further contextualizes these provisions with case law, from the Mathura Rape Case to the Nirbhaya case, and recent incidents such as the R.G. Kar Medical College rape and murder case (2024). The study concludes by highlighting challenges in implementation and suggesting reforms for ensuring justice and victim rehabilitation.

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 Keywords

Keywords Rape, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Criminal Law Amendment, Victim Identity, Gang Rape, Sexual Violence, Judicial Interpretation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper compares two ways of reducing poverty: India's rights-based employment guarantee (MGNREGA) and East Asia's state-directed, export-oriented model. It explains how MGNREGA provides income security through a legal right to work, a public wage floor, and local asset creation, strengthening workers' bargaining power in a federal democracy. In contrast, East Asian governments used industrial policy, state-directed finance, land reform, and export discipline to push firms up the productivity ladder and move workers from farming into manufacturing. The paper clarifies that East Asia was not a "free market" story and that MGNREGA is more than "make-work." It argues that the two approaches can complement each other when public works are durable and climate-relevant, timed to agricultural slack seasons, lightly skill-building, linked to targeted credit, and embedded in transparent performance benchmarks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

MGNREGA; developmental state; export discipline; structural transformation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The growing demand for enhanced thermal comfort, energy efficiency, and compact design in modern vehicles necessitates the optimization of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. HVAC duct design plays a pivotal role in determining airflow distribution, noise levels, and overall system efficiency. This project focuses on the optimization of HVAC duct systems in passenger vehicles through the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The primary objective is to reduce pressure losses, improve airflow uniformity, and enhance thermal comfort without compromising the packaging constraints of the vehicle interior. The study begins with a baseline evaluation of a conventional HVAC duct design using CFD simulations to identify inefficiencies such as turbulence zones, high-pressure drops, and flow separation areas. Using this baseline as a reference, various design modifications are proposed, including changes in duct geometry, bends, splitter locations, and vent positions. Each modified design is analysed through CFD tools to assess parameters such as velocity distribution, static pressure, turbulence intensity, and flow uniformity. Optimization techniques, including parametric analysis and design of experiments (DOE), are employed to systematically refine the duct design. The final optimized design demonstrates a significant reduction in pressure drop (by 6 pascal), improved flow uniformity at passenger outlets, and enhanced overall HVAC performance. Additionally, noise generation due to turbulent flow is minimized, contributing to improved cabin comfort. The project validates the effectiveness of CFD as a powerful tool in the automotive HVAC system design process. The results highlight the potential for computational analysis to accelerate development cycles, reduce physical prototyping costs, and deliver better-performing systems. This study serves as a framework for future research and development of energy-efficient and ergonomically optimized vehicle HVAC systems.

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 Keywords

CFD, Ansys Fluent, HVAC Duct.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most prevalent gynecological conditions among young women and a leading cause of class absenteeism and poor academic engagement. Its impact in Indian higher education settings, however, remains under-documented. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 female students aged 18-25 years from nursing colleges in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Participants were selected using convenient sampling. Data were collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic details, menstrual history, severity of dysmenorrhea (10-point Visual Analog Scale) and academic impact (absenteeism, concentration difficulties and perceived decline in performance). Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were applied and chi-square tests examined associations between dysmenorrhea severity and academic outcomes, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 74.6% (97/130). Among affected students, 23.1% reported mild pain, 41.2% moderate and 10.3% severe. Dysmenorrhea significantly impacted academic performance: 54.6% reported missing at least one class per cycle, 63.9% experienced concentration difficulties and 47.4% perceived a decline in academic performance. Severity of dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with absenteeism (p = 0.01) and academic decline (p = 0.03), though the association with concentration difficulty was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea substantially affects academic performance among female students in Jaipur. Incorporating menstrual health education, supportive counseling and academic accommodations may reduce its burden.

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 Keywords

Dysmenorrhea, academic performance, absenteeism, college students, Jaipur

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition