Volume 12 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

The Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II/Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptor (IGF-II/M6P Receptor) plays a critical role in regulating cell growth and survival during early human development. This study delves into the intricate interplay between IGF-II and the receptor, exploring its expression and function across various human tissues during fetal life and early infancy. We highlight the receptor's involvement in mediating the effects of IGF-II on cellular processes and its impact on diverse physiological functions. By analyzing the dynamics of IGF-II binding to the receptor, we gain valuable insights into the broader functional significance of this receptor in shaping early human development. This research underscores the pivotal role of the IGF-II/M6P Receptor in orchestrating key signaling pathways essential for proper growth and development, paving the way for further exploration of its intricate mechanisms and potential implications for understanding human health and disease. Mice models with IGFIIR mutations have been shown to develop fetal renal damage, with degenerated proximal tubules and detached renal cortical tubular necrosis, reflecting the importance of receptor function in renal development. Although the underlying reasons still remain to be dissected, impaired expression of genes regulating the differentiation and maturation of proximal tubules could be involved. The approach utilized in this article included undertaking a methodical review of literature to collect pertinent information. This review encompassed searching electronic databases, evaluating articles based on defined criteria, and extracting data from chosen studies. The data was subsequently examined using qualitative or quantitative techniques to detect patterns and trends. Ultimately, the results were amalgamated to formulate conclusions and offer recommendations

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 Keywords

IGF-II/M6P Receptor, Early Human Development, Fetal Life, Infancy ,Growth Regulation ,Cellular Signaling ,IGF-II Binding

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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HRA is the process of identifying, measuring data about human resources and communicating this information to interested parties. Human Resource Accounting (HRA) involves accounting for expenditures related to human resources as assets but in traditional accounting it is treated as expenses that reduce profit. Human Resource Accounting (HRA) was introduced in 1980s; it is the most vital part of any organization, as it makes sure there exists a mutual benefit between financial and all other physical resources towards the achievement of organizational objectives and goals. Conventionally, a financial asset is accounted in the books of accounts as per the general principles of accounting, but does not count the human asset. Although many efforts have been made by many researchers in this arena, but still a proper method of valuing the Human Resources in the Indian context is not available. Though, Human Resource Accounting (HRA) was introduced way back in 1980s, it started gaining popularity in India recently. The major object of the study is to identify the human Resources value and to highlight the major characteristics of HRA along with the practical benefits and difficulties in implementations. The paper also focuses on the issues and challenges of HRA and also the models of measuring the Human Resources. There is also a study regarding the international development in HRA and also the HRA practices. The study forms mainly the extensive review of related literature based on highly work. The major benefits of such accounting are that it develops effective managerial decision making, quality of management, prevents misuse of human resources, increases human asset productivity, improves morale, job satisfaction and creativity, etc. The constraints involved are that uncertainty of human resources creates uncertainty in valuation of human resources. Nature of amortization is another difficulty; valuation of human resources, their accounting treatments is also difficult as there is no specific IAS/IFRS for such treatment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Human Resources, Human Resources Capital, Human Resource Accounting (HRA)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keeping in mind the educational facilities of the times, Article 45 of the Constitution of India in 1950 provided for free and compulsory education for children until they are 14yrs of age and achieve the target of Universalization of Education(UEE) in 10 years. This target was far too ambitious to achieve. Hence, the target dates were revised several times. During the decade 1991-2001, a number of Centrally Sponsored Schemes, like the mid day meal scheme as well as new programmes and projects like that of District Primary Education Programme (DPEP), District Institute of Educational Training (DIET) were initiated across the Country. Sarva Shikha Abhiyan which is now Samagra Shiksha was another ambitious program launched by the government whose focus was infrastructural improvement, reduction of drop-out rates and quality education. In the 86th Constitutional Amendment in 2002, Article 21A was added making the Right to Education a fundamental Right for children between the ages 6 to 14. It was ratified in 2009 and hence Right to Education, RTE Act -2009 was enacted to ensure that every child of age 6 to 14 years is enrolled with no target achievement. Provisions of the Act came into force in 1st April 2010. Students with disabilities are enrolled in various schools with the support of special teachers, parents and authorities of respective schools. This paper through a small scale study, reports on the enrolment of students with disabilities as an impact of RTE Act -2009 in the district of Mangan, Sikkim.

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 Keywords

Enrolment, Students with Disabilities, Samagra Shiksha, Centrally Sponsored Schemes, Cerebral Palsy, Down Syndrome, Low Vision, Speech and Hearing Unique Disability Identity (UDID) ADIP Scheme

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Nanopesticides have emerged as a cutting-edge innovation in the field of pest management, offering a promising alternative to conventional pesticides. Nanopesticides represent a significant innovation in pest management, offering enhanced efficacy and precision compared to traditional pesticides. By incorporating nanoscale materials, these formulations improve the delivery, stability, and bioavailability of active ingredients, enabling targeted pest control with reduced chemical usage. This advancement not only increases the effectiveness of pest management strategies but also holds the potential to minimize environmental impacts, such as contamination and harm to non-target organisms. This paper reviews the current state of nanopesticides, focusing on their mechanisms of action, including improved penetration, controlled release, and prolonged activity. The discussion extends to safety concerns, particularly the potential risks posed by nanopesticides to human health and the environment. Key issues such as nanoparticle toxicity, environmental persistence, and regulatory challenges are critically examined, highlighting the need for comprehensive risk assessments and updated safety guidelines. The future prospects of nanopesticides, including the integration of green chemistry principles in their design and the development of biodegradable nanoparticles. The potential for nanopesticides to play a pivotal role in sustainable agriculture is underscored, with a focus on balancing efficacy, safety, and environmental stewardship. In conclusion, while nanopesticides offer promising advancements in agricultural pest management, their widespread adoption hinges on a thorough understanding of their long-term impacts and the establishment of robust regulatory frameworks to ensure their safe use.

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Nanopesticides, Nanotechnology, Nanoparticles, Green synthesis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper attempts to analyse the importance and benefits of Geographical Indications (hereinafter referred as GIs) as one of the fast-evolving Intellectual Property Right (hereinafter referred as IPR), which contributes in boosting national economy at local level. Observing the nature of right provided by GIs to local producers and manufacturers, that is best appropriate to benefit them with material rights and economic benefits . GIs when acknowledged by the competent authority as IPR, then the product qualifies to be called as GI tagged product. When a product gets recognition as GI then it is eligible for legal protection and business expansion. GIs ecosystem helps to improve the nation's soft power, which ultimately contributes in economic prosperity through increasing exports, tourism, etc. Today, the consumers demand the original products and be ready to pay the required cost also, therefore GI acts as bridge between the original product and marketplace. Today, the world is converted into global village due to internet and globalisation, the original products backed by traditional knowledge and acknowledged through GI tagged, contributes in the national economy. In recent times, we see the biopiracy is one of the main concerns for IPRs that other countries and big giants' companies practice, to gain profits over it. So, it is important to register and protect the traditional knowledge and provide benefits to those who originally owns it. In modern times GIs is considered as a means of sustainable development, as the indications are given to those products which are backed by traditional knowledge or regional environmental condition. Apart from benefits, there are some implications of providing GI also. But the contribution of GIs as IPR to any country is incredible.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IPRs, GI, Soft Power, Exclusive Rights, TRIPS, etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of political, economic, cultural, and defence relations between the two Asian countries India and Brunei Darussalam. Diplomatic ties between two nations were established in the 1984. Brunei is an important partner in India's "Act East Policy" and "Indo-Pacific Vision". Both nations have centuries-old historical and cultural relations . They have also strong defence cooperation by the way of regular official level defence exchanges. The recent two-day official Visit of the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Brunei in September, 2024 gained a "new beginning " in the contemporary relations between the two nations, coinciding the celebration of 40th anniversary of both "Brunei's independence" as well as the establishment of their " formal diplomatic ties" this year. The paper concludes by analyzing the "recent developments" in India-Brunei bilateral relationship.

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Keywords: India-Brunei relations, Modi's visit to Brunei, Recent Developments, Act East Policy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cholesterol is specialized lipids in nature it is classified as sterol. It is widely distributed in various animal tissues as well as in blood. It can be synthesized also in liver. It is important in metabolism serving as a precursor of various steroid hormones e.g. sex hormones, adrenal corticoids. Serum or plasma studies are of more clinical value than those of whole blood. The determination of serum cholesterol is considered to be significant marker of health condition of the animal as it associated with blood

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cadmium Chloride, Sub-lethal, blood physiology, serum cholesterol, hormones, Ophiocephalus striatus.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The online assignment plagiarism checker using data mining and NLP (Natural Language Processing) is a tool designed to ensure the originality of academic work submitted by students. This system employs advanced techniques like data mining and NLP to analyze and compare text, detecting instances of plagiarism effectively. In simpler terms, data mining helps the system explore and identify patterns within the text, while NLP allows it to understand the meaning and context of the language used. By combining these technologies, the plagiarism checker can efficiently scan through vast amounts of text, highlighting similarities and potential instances of plagiarism. To put it another way, natural language processing (NLP) enables the system to comprehend the context and meaning of the language being used, while data mining assists in finding patterns within the text. Through the integration of various technologies, the plagiarism checker is able to effectively search through large volumes of text, identifying possible instances of plagiarism. Ultimately, It provides educators with a reliable means of verifying the authenticity of assignments, promoting fairness and honesty in the academic environment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Natural language processing,comprehend, authenticity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study analyzed the difference in the career conflict between rural-urban areas and male-female students. The sample size taken for the study is 100, consisting of 50 boys and 50 girls in rural and urban areas. The assessment of career conflict has been done by career conflict scale developed and standardized by Dr. Aneet Kumar and Rekha (2015) the factors considered are related to social, educational, personal, Work Culture and Gender. A t-test was used for statistical analysis. The findings show that the rural and urban areas of the students are similar in terms of their career conflicts. Still, there is a significant difference between male and female students in their career conflict.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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career conflict, gender, rural, urban

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Electro culture is a horticultural technique that utilizes electricity used to create a magnetic field that supports plant growth. The fundamental elements in electro culture are voltage output, conductor, and plant. The researcher prepared 4 setups with 20 brown chickpea plants, each using 5 Volts, 9 Volts, and 12 Volts. For three weeks, in the experimental groups current was induced in different voltage output for one hour in every 24 hours a day while the controlled group does not receive any treatment. Out of all given treatments, the plants from the 12 volts group showed the best results in stimulating the growth parameters of the Brown chickpea plant. Results indicated a significant difference in the growth of the chickpea plants in terms of plant height and mass. However, there is significant difference in terms of the color and number of leaves of the experimental plant group.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Brown chick pea plant, Electro culture, Horticultural techniques, Plant Growth, Voltage output.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition