Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

The Tamil Nadu State Apex Cooperative Bank (TNSC Bank), established in 1905, serving as the central institution for the cooperative banking sector in Tamil Nadu. It plays a crucial role in advancing the cooperative movement by providing inclusive financial support to Primary Cooperatives. TNSCB has been instrumental in the state's economic progress for over a century and it the first State Cooperative Bank to celebrate a centenary. It holds a banking license from the Reserve Bank of India and is listed under the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, qualifying it as a Scheduled Cooperative Bank. It is also a member of the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC), ensuring deposit protection under the DICGC Act. The TNSCB has demonstrated a consistent commitment to digital transformation and infrastructure development over the past 15 years. From 2010 to 2024, the bank invested a total of INR260.98 lakhs in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), including hardware and software upgrades. This steady increase in ICT investment, particularly notable in 2016 (INR30.85 lakhs) and 2019 (INR33.24 lakhs), reflects the bank's strategic focus on enhancing operational efficiency, digital banking capabilities, and service delivery. In parallel, TNSCB has also expanded its physical infrastructure, investing INR80.39 lakhs in buildings and related facilities to modernizing physical spaces, possibly to support digital operations and customer service. The combined investment of INR341.37 lakhs over the period underscores the bank's balanced approach to both digital and physical growth. This dual investment strategy positions TNSCB as a forward-looking institution, aligning with national priorities for financial inclusion, digital banking, and cooperative sector modernization. It has adopted a range of digital initiatives aimed at elevating service quality and streamlining its operations namely Core Banking Solutions (CBS), Mobile Banking, Internet Banking, Digital Payment Solutions, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Financial Inclusion Initiatives, Data Analytics, E-Governance, and Reconciliation.

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 Keywords

Digitalization, State Cooperative Bank, Digital Banking, Enhance Services Delivery.

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The Silk Route, extending across Asia, the Middle East, and into Europe, stands as one of the most influential transcontinental networks of communication, trade, and cultural interaction in premodern history. Traditionally, scholarship has emphasized the exchange of luxury commodities such as silk, spices, gems, precious metals, and the transmission of religious and philosophical ideas. However, the integral contributions of women within this vast system have often remained marginalized or overlooked. This article seeks to foreground women's multifaceted roles in shaping the Silk Route economy and its cultural landscape.1 Women were not only the primary producers of silk and textiles-commodities that gave the network its very name-but also significant participants in artisanal crafts, agriculture, and domestic industries that supported long-distance trade. In many regions, they engaged directly in market activities, local trading, and even long-distance caravans, challenging the assumption that commerce was a male-dominated sphere. Beyond economic contributions, women served as vital cultural transmitters: their clothing styles and artistic expressions influenced cross-cultural fashions; their marriages forged political and diplomatic alliances across empires and nomadic societies; and their patronage of religious institutions enabled the spread of Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam along the routes.2 Despite social restrictions imposed by patriarchal structures, women consistently exercised agency, adaptability, and influence in maintaining and expanding this global web of interaction. A gender-inclusive study of the Silk Route thus provides a more comprehensive understanding of how international trade, diplomacy, and intercultural exchanges were sustained. By situating women at the center of analysis, this research not only recovers hidden histories but also reshapes the narrative of one of the world's earliest systems of globalization.

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 Keywords

Silk Route, Women agency, Textile production, Cross-cultural exchange, Gender & trade

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These are the most prominent folk narratives in Maithili, detailing the heroic deeds of specific caste or community heroes and are central to their cultural identity and worship. Maithili literature boasts a rich collection of traditional ballads, or lok-gathas, that tell the stories of community heroes and are often performed as examples including the legendary Lorika, Salahesa, Dina-Bhadri, Kumar Brijabhana etc. Other narrative works and literary tales are found in collections like the Bihula-ka katha, Gopichand-ka katha, Ajura-ka katha etc. These ballads & Tales are sung in a specific tune and it relates the ancient culture, which is the root identity of Mithila. In this article, these topics are described in a symbolic way.

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Adventure, Arony, Carol, Gatha, Katha, Love, Legend, Melodious Prevalent, Peculiar, Pathetic, Romance, Supernatural, Tradition, Verse.

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Directors are crucial to corporate governance, acting on behalf of shareholders and ensuring compliance with laws. They have fiduciary duties of loyalty, care, and good faith, which are essential for ethical management. The legal definition of a director is broad, and judicial interpretations have expanded its applicability across various contexts. The codification of directors' duties in statutory law reflects a shift from common law principles to a more structured legal framework. This summary captures the essential elements of the document regarding the roles, responsibilities, and legal definitions of directors within the corporate governance framework in India.

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Company Directors, fiduciary duties, liability of directors, companies Act

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Abstract: Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a technique to assess cardiac autonomic rhythm non-invasively. It is a proxy for autonomic regulation and gives much psychophysiological information about holistic health. Having a higher HRV is a sign of sound cardiovascular health. According to WHO reports, 32% of global deaths occur due to malfunctioning of the cardiovascular system, which is the result of arrhythmic cardiac autonomic modulation. Many studies have suggested that yoga has the potential to increase HRV and alter HRV parameters towards parasympathetic activation, which has an immense positive effect on the mind and cardiac health. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the existing scientific literature to explore the role of yoga in the management of Heart rate variability. Methods: For this purpose, an online search on three specific databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, was conducted using the keywords Yoga, Pranayama, Asana, Dhyan, meditation, "Heart rate variability", "RR interval," HRV and "autonomic nervous system" etc. Search was limited to years ranging from 2014 to October 2023 with all inclusion criteria. Filter was applied as English language and human subject. Result: From all three databases, 3549 papers were recorded; after duplicates were removed and screened, only 11 RCT papers were included in this review based on the inclusion criteria. Studies suggested that yoga positively affected HRV and risk factors for cardiovascular disease across various populations. Conclusion: This review suggests that yoga is significantly useful in cardiac autonomic modulation towards parasympathetic dominance, which increases HRV and sympathovagal tone.

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Keywords: Heart rate variability, HRV, Cardiac Health, and Yoga.

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This paper introduces Crypto Vault, an advisory tool designed to assist novice cryptocurrency investors in managing losses and making informed investment decisions. By integrating technical indicators such as the Relative Strength Index (RSI) and Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), machine learning based forecasting, and the detection of emotional investing, the tool provides personalized guidance and strategic recovery plans. Unlike existing platforms that offer raw market data, Crypto Vault focuses on interpreting this data to generate actionable insights, including loss thresholds, rebalancing recommendations, and mood based coaching notifications. The system architecture leverages a modern technology stack, including Next.js, Fast API, to deliver a robust and responsive user experience. This work ad dresses a critical gap in the market by providing a holistic support system that accounts for both the technical and psychological challenges of cryptocurrency investing.

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cryptocurrency, investment guidance, loss advisory, machine learning, sentiment analysis, behavioral finance, Robo-advisor, LSTM, emotional investing

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The SkillShift Model represents an innovative, scalable intervention targeting the development of 21st-century skills--innovation, creativity, curiosity, risk-taking, and collaboration--among K-12 learners. Implemented in partnership with Harvard Business Publishing, the model delivered a structured two-day curriculum to grades 8 and 9 students at D. Y Patil Dyan Shakti, Akurdi, Pune, blending digital tools and project-based learning. Analysis of pre- and post-test scores and detailed student feedback demonstrates significant skill enhancement, high engagement, and promising potential for broader educational transformation. The findings support international trends emphasizing future-ready competencies in K-12 education.

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SkillShift Model, 21st-century skills, K-12learners, innovation, creativity, project-based learning, future-ready competencies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Effectiveness, Knowledge, crash card management

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Pazhan Thamizharin Panpattu Kalaigal

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Pazhan Thamizharin Panpattu Kalaigal

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The evolution of education from ancient learning hubs, such as the monastic university of Nalanda, to the digitally connected and globalized educational environment of the twenty-first century is examined in this article. This paper demonstrates a recurrent conflict between the forces of scalability, accessibility, and technology and localized, immersive, and residential models of knowledge transmission. The democratization of knowledge made possible by the printing press and the recent paradigm shift toward individualized, on-demand learning made possible by digital technologies are just two examples of the fundamental changes in pedagogy, curriculum, and the very goal of education that are revealed by a comparative analysis. The fundamental human and social purposes of education promoting critical thinking, advancing human development, and acting as a vehicle for social progress remain unaltered in spite of these changes. The article concludes by discussing the challenges and ethical considerations posed by digital education and outlining potential pathways for the future of learning, emphasizing the need for equity, engagement, and intentional design.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Education history, Nalanda University, printing press, digital education, educational technology, learning theory, educational equity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition