Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

In March 2019, India saw the commencement of a coronavirus outbreak, and to cope with it, the Indian government imposed a state-wide lockdown, affecting not only 3.68 million people but also the country's economic and industrial sectors. To mitigate its impact, the government also imposed restrictions on most socioeconomic activities. This created new hurdles for India's electricity industry while exacerbating old issues. In the condition of pandemic, the energy consumption of the entire country was radically altered; we noticed a fall of over 70 KWh of electrical demand during the lockdown period, an 11 % reduction compared to 2019. This loss in supply was borne by coal-generating units. India is considered a progressive nation in terms of renewable energy sector, and this sector has been one of the leading areas to promote sustainability, and the past three years have helped the renewable sector to flourish. This paper will study the impact of COVID-19 on the consumption of electrical energy through observing the graphs that are created using Microsoft Word Insert Tool. It will also focus on the impact of the regulations placed by policymakers and administration, regarding the energy use before, after, and during the coronavirus epidemic on renewable energy sector of India.

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 Keywords

Renewable energy sector, electricity consumption, COVID-19, Sustainability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"Learning is a two-step process...First, you must have some transfer of information; second, you must make sense of that information by connecting it to your own experiences and organizing the information in your brain"(- Eric Mazur, professor of physics at Harvard University). A flipped class model is structured around the idea where the typical elements of lecture and homework are reversed. The flipped classroom approach allows students to learn at their own pace and gives instructors a way to create applied learning opportunities. The objectives of the present paper are to investigate effect of flipped learning on academic achievement of teacher trainees. 100 teacher trainees were selected from a Teacher Training Institute for the research in hand. 50% teacher trainees were randomly assigned as the control group and the 50% as the experimental group. A randomized Post-test control group design adapted and finally achievement test conducted. The researcher selected a topic from "Psychology of Learner and Learning" to conduct -- a flipped class with selfprepared audio, video, digital slideshows (e.g. Power Point), e-content and teacher/student online communication. The in-class activities were performed using the online tool Kahoot to create effective classroom interaction. The result of the study revealed that flipped learning technique is more effective in comparison to traditional methods in enhancing the overall academic achievement of teacher trainees. Further most of the teacher trainees perceived that the flipped classroom approach is supportive in nature regarding academic enhancement.

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 Keywords

Flipped Classroom, Academic Achievement, Pedagogy, Trainee Teachers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Rivers and lakes serve as crucial sources of livelihood for the surrounding communities. However, increasing urbanization and industrialization have led to the emergence of environmental contaminants, particularly heavy metals, which poses significant threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Industrial discharge is a major contributor to heavy metal pollution, and the extent of accumulation in water bodies largely depends on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes. Heavy metal contamination adversely impacts aquatic flora and fauna, leading to biomagnification and subsequent risks to human health. This study examines the concentration of heavy metals in major water bodies of Bhiwandi, specifically the Kamwari River, Varala Lake, and Diwanshah Lake. Findings indicate that water samples from the Kamwari River contain significantly higher concentrations of copper, lead, and iron compared to those from Varala and Diwanshah lakes. The elevated levels observed in the Kamwari River can be attributed to increased anthropogenic activities in the vicinity, highlighting the need for enhanced pollution management strategies in the region.

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Keywords: Heavy metal contamination, aquatic pollution, Kamwari River, Varala Lake, Diwanshah Lake, industrial discharge, water quality assessment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Libraries play a vital role in providing people with reliable content. They encourage and promote the process of learning and grasping knowledge. The book worms can get loads of books to read from and enhance their knowledge. Quality of library and its services is the key to the success of learning program. Information on research, teaching and learning is the major role of a public library in present scenario. The heart of the public is provides the information for learning and teaching. Public libraries are at present facing their supreme challenge due to the universal electronic revolution. The public libraries started badly to evaluate how healthy they are in meeting, delighting, and anticipating the user group. Operations research (OR) is a branch of applied mathematics that can be used to analyze libraries and information organizations. OR can help library managers use resources effectively, and make better decisions. the linear programming method is used to solve the model, The method illustrate the significance in the planning of library work arrangement, the efficiency of library weekly works is heightened greatly.

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Linear programming problem, library Management, Python

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: The toxic effects of chemical factors i.e., pesticides exposure of farmers is a continuous health concern worldwide especially in regions of intensive agriculture. This impact deciphered the type of pesticides and its effects on farmers' health based on exposure levels in detail to the research world. In this process of mitigating the adverse effects of farmers health the geographical factors that include climate, land use, rural health infrastructure access, topography & altitude, proximity to water bodies, crop type, regional practices influencing the farmers health were given less priority in most of the regional health investigation studies and not documented properly on a regional global scale. To cover the spatial determinants influencing health outcomes internationally a literature review synthesizing the research of a span of past 25 years is performed. 45 peer reviewed unique research studies were selected and analysed. The outcome of the findings are regions of high temperature, slope gradient, monoculture farming, poor healthcare mobility, nearness to contaminated water bodies are under higher influence of both exposure levels and chronic health effects across the world. It proves the need for geographical dimensions by Geographical Information Systems (GIS) modeling in advocating regional specific policies that address spatial health problems in relation to pesticide exposure.

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Pesticide exposure, farmers, environment, land use, and health impacts

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systems are dynamic, multi-component frameworks designed to facilitate the creation, organization, dissemination, and application of knowledge across diverse organizational and societal contexts. This research paper provides a comprehensive and critical synthesis of the history, evolution, and current understanding of the knowledge system domain, situating it within the broader landscape of knowledge management and organizational theory. The study traces the origins of knowledge systems from early conceptualizations of knowledge as a vital organizational resource to the development of advanced knowledge management systems (KMS) that emphasize iterative processes, stakeholder engagement, and adaptability to organizational needs. Drawing on established methodologies and recent advancements, the paper examines the core components of knowledge systems--including knowledge producers, users, intermediaries, enablers, governance structures, processes, content, technology, and culture--and analyzes their interdependencies and roles in supporting effective knowledge flows. Through a structured review of seminal literature and case studies, the research identifies key contributors to the field, such as Nonaka and Takeuchi, and highlights their theoretical and practical innovations in knowledge creation and transfer. The evolution of measurement approaches is explored, demonstrating a shift from static, output-focused metrics to dynamic assessments of knowledge quality, integration, and system impact. The paper further classifies knowledge systems by typology, domain specificity, and scale, offering a nuanced understanding of their diversity and adaptability. Current challenges--including fragmentation, power dynamics, and the integration of local and indigenous knowledge--are critically assessed, alongside emerging trends such as AI-driven analytics and decentralized knowledge networks. The study concludes by identifying persistent research gaps--particularly in private sector engagement and longitudinal impact assessment--and by proposing directions for future inquiry. Additionally, the paper presents a comparative analysis of Indian and Western knowledge systems, their philosophical foundations, and the challenges and opportunities in integrating these diverse epistemologies. By presenting a holistic and advanced analysis, this paper aims to advance both the theoretical foundations and practical applications of knowledge systems, supporting their continued evolution as essential instruments for evidence-based decision-making and organizational learning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Knowledge Systems, Typology of Knowledge Systems, Indian Knowledge System

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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porous concrete, rainwater harvesting, urban pavement, permeability, sustainable construction, green infrastructure.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Lepidoptera, Papilionidae, Butterfly, Swallowtails, Monsoon, Pollination, Food chain, Taranagar.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigates the psychological qualities of Intercollegiate women athletes participating in six sports: volleyball, basketball, hockey, badminton, Kho-Kho, and kabaddi. The research focuses on two key psychological variables - competitiveness, and goal settings using the Sports Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-20). A sample of 251 athletes was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test. The study highlights the importance of psychological training in enhancing athletic performance recommendations for coaches and policymakers to develop tailored interventions for athletes. The results of the Competitiveness show less favour of Volleyball players then Basketball, Hockey and Kho- Kho players. Basketball and Hockey players are shows significantly better Competitiveness, than Badminton players. Further the result of Goal Settings was significantly higher for Badminton player and very low for Volleyball players. Hence it was concluded that Volleyball players are poor in Competitiveness and Goal Settings and Hockey, Basketball plyers were better in Competitiveness and Badminton players show significantly high in Goal Settings then the rest of the players.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Psychological qualities, women athletes, SPQ-20, Competitiveness, Goal Setting, Inter collegiate sports.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Education is essential for individual success and plays a vital role in shaping lives. Nelson Mandela once said, "Education is the most powerful weapon to change the world." Over the past century, the education system has evolved significantly, especially with the advent of technology and the internet, which have transformed both personal and professional lives. Social media has become an important platform for educational institutions, facilitating interaction and information exchange. It enhances the education system by introducing innovative teaching and learning methods. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift from in-person to online learning, making social media indispensable for reaching learners in various ways. Social media, including text, audio, and video sharing, has a profound impact on education, particularly in areas such as general knowledge, study habits, and mental health for secondary school students. It provides easy access through various devices, including smartphones, tablets, and laptops. This paper focuses on the study of social media awareness among 9th-grade students at a Jnanasagara Central CBSE Secondary School in Shivamogga city. The sample consisted of 47 students, including 27 males and 20 females. The survey method was used to collect data. The findings revealed that male students had a significantly higher level of awareness regarding social media compared to female students across all streams.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Social Media, Awareness, Secondary School Students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition