Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This experimental study investigates the influence of granite powder and bottom ash as partial replacements in manufactured sand (M-sand) on the properties of concrete. Fine aggregates play a crucial role in determining the strength and durability of concrete. However, natural sand resources are depleting, prompting the need for sustainable alternatives. Manufactured sand, a byproduct of crushed stone, offers a viable substitute. In this study, granite powder and bottom ash were used to partially replace M-sand in varying proportions (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) to analyze their effects on fresh and hardened properties of concrete. Standard M30 grade concrete was used to maintain consistency across all mixes. Tests such as workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were conducted at 7 and 28 days of curing. The results indicate that moderate replacement levels improved certain strength parameters, while higher replacements led to marginal reductions in strength. This study promotes the utilization of industrial and construction waste in concrete, enhancing sustainability and minimizing environmental impact.

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Granite Powder, Bottom Ash, M-Sand, Crushed Stone, Workability, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength & Split-Tensile Strength.

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The evergreen hemiparasitic plant Dendrophthoe falcata (Linn.f.), also referred to as "Vanda," is a member of the Loranthaceae family and grows on a variety of host plants. Being used historically to heal wounds, pulmonary TB, skin conditions, menstrual irregularities, ulcers, asthma, impotence, and paralysis, it has great ethnomedical significance. The phytoconstituents that give the plant its varied pharmacological characteristics include quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, gallic acid, beta-amyrin acetate, and beta-sitosterol. Its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antitumor, contraceptive, and wound-healing properties have all been documented in scientific investigations. This review highlights the traditional significance and therapeutic potential of Dendrophthoe falcata by summarizing the latest research on its pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, tissue culture, ethnobotany, and pharmacological activities.

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phytochemistry, pharmacology, anti-tumor, review, hemiparasite plant, Dendrophthoe falcata.

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Abstract: His books, like the Shiva Trilogy and the Ram Chandra Series, are full of spiritual ideas but are written in a way that is current and easy to understand. The Amish don't just talk about faith and gods; they show that spirituality is also about having good values, making good decisions, and being strong inside. Gods like Shiva and Ram are shown by Amish as regular people who did great things and didn't just be born special. If you live your life with truth, courage, and love, you can be "god-like." In his books, there are times when good and evil are not so clear-cut. He shows that what's good for one person might be bad for someone else. To find the right way, people need to be wise and kind. Karma and wisdom are two things he talks about a lot. Even when it's hard, his heroes try to do the right thing. To be spiritual, you must do your job honestly and without wanting anything for yourself. A lot of people try to find peace inside themselves. True strength doesn't come from having a lot of power or tools, but from being able to control yourself, forgive others, and understand them. The Amish take ideas from Hinduism, Buddhism, and other Indian religions and mix them together. His books teach that all thoughts are valid and that there are many ways to find spiritual truth.

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 Keywords

Spirituality , Dharma, Karma, Ethics, Human values, Compassion)

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The Ramayana, while foundational to Indian cultural and spiritual life, has long centered male narratives and selectively highlighted female characters who conform to idealized patriarchal roles. While Sita's story has been revisited across literary traditions, figures like Ahalya, Mandodari, and Tara remain structurally marginalized--either reduced to symbols of transgression or cast into narrative silence. This paper engages with contemporary feminist retellings, particularly Koral Dasgupta's Ahalya, Mandodari, and Tara, and Volga's The Liberation of Sita, to explore how these characters are reclaimed through what Adrienne Rich terms "re-vision"--the act of rereading and rewriting as a form of feminist survival. Drawing on Gayatri Spivak's theory of the subaltern and Chandra Talpade Mohanty's critique of universalizing Western feminist models, this study situates these retellings within the complex gendered, cultural, and mythological codes of South Asia. The paper argues that through narrative restoration, these women are transformed from silenced archetypes into agents of critique, resistance, and interiority--revealing not only the gendered erasures of classical epics but also the power of feminist storytelling to correct them.

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Feminist retelling, Ramayana, Ahalya, Mandodari, Tara, Subaltern, Adrienne Rich, Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Koral Dasgupta.

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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is common Musculoskeletal impairment. It is a knee condition that causes pain at the front of the knee, around or behind the kneecap (patella). Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a prevalent condition among young athletes, often resulting in pain, reduced performance and potential long term disability if not properly addressed. This study investigates the effectiveness of gait retraining along with muscle strengthening exercise for college going athletes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of gait retraining along with strengthening exercise on subject with patellofemoral pain syndrome for college athletes. To determine the pre-test and post-test level to reduce the symptoms and increase the functional score. METHODOLOGY: The observartional study was conducted on 30 college going athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome in age of 18-25.Gait retraining and Muscle strengthening exercise are given to the participants from six weeks, for four sessions per week. An assessment for outcome measures by Knee Outcome Survey Of Daily Living Scale(KOS-ADLS) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS) was done prior to starting of the treatment and after six weeks of intervention. RESULT: As the statistical analysis of this study shows the patients who received gait retraining along with strengthening exercise had highly significant improvement in reducing the pain and functional activities among the college athletes. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the gait retraining along with muscle strengthening exercise Shows a significant impact on reducing pain and improve functional abilities among the college athletes.

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KEYWORDS: Patellofemoral pain syndrome, college athletes, Gait retraining, Muscle Strengthening exercise, KOS-ADLS, VAS Scale.

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This article explores the intersection of language, identity, and migration within the context of the Italian diaspora as depicted in contemporary literature. Through close readings of selected works by authors such as Jhumpa Lahiri, Igiaba Scego, and others, this study examines how language becomes a central element in negotiating personal and cultural identity in migratory settings. The analysis focuses on themes such as bilingualism, code-switching, nostalgia, cultural hybridity, and the redefinition of "Italianness" in a globalized world. This research contributes to the field of comparative literature and linguistic studies by highlighting the evolving nature of diasporic identity and the literary strategies used to represent it.

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Italian diaspora, identity, migration, bilingualism, language, Jhumpa Lahiri, Igiaba Scego, cultural hybridity

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The Kurumba tribe, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) residing in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, possesses a rich cultural heritage rooted in traditional livelihoods, oral language, and indigenous art forms. In recent years, this unique cultural identity has faced serious threats due to modernization, ecological displacement, and socio-economic marginalization. This study examines the role of the Tribal Welfare Department in preserving and promoting Kurumba culture through targeted welfare initiatives. Using a qualitative research approach including field observations, interviews with tribal members and welfare officials, and analysis of departmental reports the study assesses interventions in three key areas language preservation, traditional art promotion, and support for forest-based livelihoods. Findings reveal that while several initiatives have yielded positive outcomes, particularly in creating awareness and market access for tribal products, there remain critical gaps in community participation, intergenerational transmission of cultural knowledge, and long-term sustainability. The study concludes with recommendations for more culturally rooted, participatory, and holistic approaches to tribal welfare policy, emphasizing the need for tribal communities to lead in shaping their own cultural future.

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A Study on The Tribal Welfare Initiatives and the Preservation of Kurumba Culture in the Nilgiris

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An exploratory analysis of gender equality and social security in unorganized construction, where gender inequality with precarious work emanates, finds that while the contribution of women to the workforce is high, they are deprived of full rights of social security, making them more economically vulnerable. The study identifies key factors that influence the issue of gender inequality in their cultural norms, lack of awareness, and institutional barriers which limit women's participation in social security systems. Generally, women in construction are typically within informal work with low job security and poor social protection, making them more vulnerable to economic shock and health crises. It is a qualitative and quantitative research study to dwell on the experiences of women working in the unorganized sector, and to shine some light on issues that they face in terms of access to social security. The results reveal wide disparities between the genders with respect to benefits, including health insurance, maternity leaves, and pensions, due to the informal and mostly unrecognized nature of employment engaged by them. But the analysis also discourses policy implications by calling for mainstreaming gender-sensitive approaches within the framework of social security to address women's particular needs in construction. Recommendations consisted of increasing awareness about potential benefits, adopting inclusive policies, and promoting cooperation between relevant government agencies and civil society organizations in promoting women's rights. While complementing the discourse on gender equality and economic empowerment, this study has served to underscore the critical need for gender responsive social security systems that emphasize that equal working-class men and women need equally accessible social protection in all sectors of the unorganized construction industry.

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Keywords- Gender Equality, Social Security, Unorganized Sector, Construction Industry, Economic Vulnerability.

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In many cases, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can have a more significant influence on a patient's overall quality of life than other chronic conditions, especially when it comes to physical discomfort and social functioning. The primary symptoms, which include facial pain or pressure, nasal blockage, nasal discharge, and hyposmia or anosmia, have persisted for at least 12 weeks. Herbal remedies have long been utilized extensively in the therapeutic therapy of CRS because available synthetic medications have substantial negative effects. The aim of the current study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of Itrifal Zamani, a Unani compound medication, in treating patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The information in this paper comes from a multicentric, open-level clinical investigation that was carried out at the Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine in Aligarh, India, between 2018 and 2022 on 57 cases of CRS treated with Itrifal Zamani. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) viz. Dennett's test was used to statistically analyze the data, and p value of <=0.05 was observed significant. According to the study, the results of the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) of CRS patients treated with Itrifal Zamani showed a significant improvement in a number of symptoms, including blowing nose, sneezing, running nose, coughing, post-nasal discharge, thick nasal discharge, ear fullness, dizziness, ear pain/pressure, facial pain/pressure, difficulty falling asleep, difficulty walking up at night, lack of good night sleep, walking up tired, fatigue during the day, decreased productivity, frustrated/restless/irritable, sadness, embarrassments, sense of taste/smell, blockage/congestion of nose, decreased concentration, and overall score. Comparisons of the Lund-Mackay score (LMS) before and after therapy shows a remarkable decrease, according to x-ray PNS results. Also, the study demonstrated that the medicine is safe and non-toxic. CRS patients of larger population of more research are recommended.

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Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS), Sino-nasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22), post nasal discharge.

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College campuses play a crucial role in shaping the cognitive, emotional, and social development of students, influencing not only their academic achievements but also their overall mental and psychological well-being. This paper examines the multifaceted impact that college environments have on students' minds, with particular emphasis on how the physical, social, and academic components of a campus setting contribute to students' personal growth and development. Drawing from interdisciplinary research in psychology, education, and sociology, the paper explores the significance of campus culture, peer relationships, extracurricular activities, and institutional support systems in shaping students' intellectual and emotional landscapes. The study delves into how exposure to diverse perspectives, academic challenges, and peer interactions fosters critical thinking, self-reflection, and emotional resilience. It also addresses the psychological challenges that students often face, such as stress, anxiety, and identity formation, and how these challenges are influenced by the campus environment. The availability of support resources such as counseling centers, academic advising, and wellness programs is explored as a key factor in promoting mental health and providing students with the tools to manage stress and overcome obstacles. Furthermore, the paper investigates the social dynamics within campus life, including the influence of student organizations, social networks, and campus climate, which can significantly shape a student's sense of belonging and self-worth. The research underscores the need for colleges and universities to intentionally design environments that support not only academic success but also the emotional and social development of students. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a holistic approach to campus life, emphasizing the importance of creating inclusive, supportive spaces that help students thrive both academically and personally. By understanding the profound impact of college campuses on students' minds, institutions can better meet the evolving needs of their diverse student populations in an increasingly complex world.

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AIM AND OBJECTIVE , MODEL DESIGN ,Social Integration and Belonging ,Designing Inclusive Campus Environments,Improving Academic Support Structures,Shaping Future Campus Policies

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