Volume 8 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Today, everyone is talking about the impact of COVID-19, but only from a national point of view or an urban-centric point of view. Unfortunately, little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on the rural sector, which constitutes the bulk of the economy in the country and overall consumption across product categories. For the record, according to the UN report published in 2019, 69% of India's population lives in rural areas, including more than 700 million people, including farmers, housewives, SMEs, government employees and youth. In new situations, when the country is moving towards financial inefficiency, how will it provide employment opportunities for migrants returning home? What will be his appearance? 69% of the people in the state are engaged in agro-based system, the rest in other works. That is why the question arises that if these workers are to be given temporary work, where is the possibility, because the number of employees employed in government jobs is decreasing by 10% every year?

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 Keywords

Keywords- Rural economy,unemployment, covid-19, agrarian society

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ABSTRACT Implications of economic policies initiated and pursued by the Government for the creation of gainful employment opportunities. After independence, when India initiated the programme of economic development through planning mechanism, neither of the two prevalent economic theories i.e. the Keynesian theory of effective demand and the neo-classical theory of flexible wage rates was not found suitable to the Indian conditions. Poverty reduction has been an important goal of development policy since the inception of planning in India. Various antipoverty, employment generation and basic services programmes have been in operation for decades in India. The ongoing reforms attach great importance to removal of poverty, and addressing specifically the wide variations across States and the rural-urban divide. Anti-poverty strategy has three broad components: promotion of economic growth; promotion of human development; and targeted programmes of poverty alleviation to address multi-dimensional nature of poverty. The various programmes targeted at the poor have been streamlined and strengthened in recent years, including through the NREGS. The influence of macro economic environment on the industry speeds ahead economy generates more jobs and higher levels of wages and income through increasing productivity. To achieve these objectives, series of outward oriented policy changes i.e. industrial reforms, fiscal reforms, monetary reforms, trade policy reform etc. were introduced. An economic reform has been evolving historically and being propelled forward with incredible speed by the technological revolution.

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Employment, Entrepreneurship

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The Covid-19 pandemic has proved to be havoc for every one of us. With over millions of people infected with this deadly disease, there is an urgent need for a vaccine to be invented. It is of no surprise that the innovator will protect the drug under the Patent Act. The lengthy proceeding of registration and the post registration scenario will reduce the access of medicine, especially in low and middle income countries like India. To avoid such scenario, Compulsory Licensing is considered to be a prospective solution to tackle not only COVID-19 pandemic, but any future pandemic of grave nature. The paper seeks to analyse the International as well as National provisions pertaining to Compulsory Licensing and its importance in making the drug affordable and accessible, thereby ensuring that the Fundamental Right of life, which also include Right to health is safeguarded.

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Compulsory Licensing, TRIPS, Doha Declaration, Public Interest, Extreme Urgency.

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This article intends to deal with the concept of Surrogacy in India, with an emphasis on what is faced by the surrogate mother, detailed data about the emotional and statistical impact of Surrogacy on women in India and how Surrogacy has turned into a market, with commercialization turning it into a business. In India before globalization, marriage and the consequential family system were held as sacred, and Surrogacy used to be a taboo. However, globalization and inflation led to increased unemployment, which caused more women to seek jobs in public sectors. Unfortunately, their illiteracy and lack of vocational skills forced them to resort to lending wombs for pregnancy. The gestation period allows them to exert power in the male-dominated world where women are marginalized for their gender. The article also analyses the relationship between the surrogate mother and her client, the expecting parents, and how its nuances have transformed due to the socio-cultural changes in society. Since the child is taken away from the rearing mother to the legal one after the lactation period is over, the question arises as to whether she gets the necessary nurturance required to develop her personality in the formative years. Ultimately, the onus shifts to the mindset of the parties involved: are they willing to bring up a surrogate child and make up for the lack of prenatal and postnatal care with love and affection or will they remain detached from a child who is not fully the couple's flesh and blood?

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women, Surrogacy, commercialization, law, feminism, workers, socio-cultural change

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Lakher and Pawi, also known respectively as Mara and Lai, are two tribes living in the Indian state of Mizoram, and in the Chin State of Myanmar. The two tribes have many very similar historical and cultural characteristics. Historical and cultural evidences strongly suggest that the Lakher were once a part of the Pawi tribe.

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Lakher, Mara, Pawi, Lai, ethnic, tribe

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The crude protease was extracted from germinated seeds of Vigna radiata and Cicer arietinum. Protease was purified from these germinated seeds. Protein content was estimated by using Lowry method. Qualitative analysis was done where casein hydrolysis was observed by forming clear zones. Quantitative analysis was carried out by using casein as substrate. Effects of temperature and pH was also examined in which optimum pH was 8 while optimum temperature was 50?. Partial purification of germinated seeds was executed by ammonium sulphate precipitation with high osmotic resistance.

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Germinated seeds, enzyme activity, proteases

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Image Segmentation is an important technique in the area of image processing with wide applications in Medicine, Remote sensing to mention a few. A lot of research work is in progress in various areas resulting in many computationally efficient algorithms. There are conventional as well as improvised segmentation algorithms depending on the application. The choice of the technique in most cases depends on the application and image in question rather than a generalised method. The proposed paper talks about a real-time implementation of Image segmentation algorithm on gray and color images using different algorithms. The algorithms are implemented in real time using TI TMS320DM642 imaging developer kit.. Details of the implementation, required hardware composition, implementation issues, and performance results of real-time real images are presented.

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Image Segmentation, edge detection, operator, computation time, Digital Signal Processor

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Cytological techniques have been universally recognized as the most important diagnostic tool in the recognition of malignant tumours in effusions. To differentiate between reactive mesothelial cells and malignant cells is the diagnostic problem in conventional smear method. The efficacy of cytodiagnosis is increased in cell block method. This was a Hospital based Observational study, carried out during a period of one and a half years, at a Tertiary Care Hospital and Medical College, with the aim to assess the utility and diagnostic accuracy of conventional smear and cell block technique in cytodiagnosis of peritoneal fluid effusions. Total 62 patients were studied.Conventional smears and cell blocks were evaluated on the basis of cellularity, predominant cell type based on morphology, cellular arrangement (architecture) and background. The maximum number of 25 cases (40.32%) was in the age group of 41-60, with average mean age 49.3 years. Females, 23 (37.09%) outnumbered males 39 (20.6%). Diagnostic accuracy of conventional smears is 97.28% and that for cell block is 99.47%. Combined approach cell block in conjunction with conventional smear should be used in suspicious for malignancy cases.

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 Keywords

Cytodiagnosis, Conventional smear, Cell block

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Plastic bottle strips, Shear strength, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, Compaction test.

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After the Islamic invasion on India from Persia and Asia Minor, and the establishment of Islamic theocratic monarchies under Mahmud of Ghazni in A.D. 1001, Muhammad Ghauri in A.D. 1175, the Educational institutions of the Hindu and the Buddhist religion were destroyed paving their ways for the development of the Muslim education in India. The Muslim educational institutions are attached to the Mosques. Elucidating the Islamic theme of education Gupta writes "Like the Hindu, the Muslim also had two types of institutions, Maqtabas, and Madarssahs. The Maqtaba was generally attached to the mosque and responsible for the objective of teaching and to provide basic education (Read and Write, Specially to read the Holy Quran) to the boys and girls in the religious manner. The Madrassah was an institution of the higher education just like Tol and Pathshala in Hindu religion and the Vihars in Buddhist. The Madrassahs offers the subjects like grammar, Philosophy and History. During the entire Muslim rule, that comprises the Sultanate and the Mughal rule, education received a great patronage from the state. The Muslim rulers established many Maqtabas, Madarssahs, and Libraries etc, that period education was imparted for the propagation of Islamic principles, Law, and social convention.

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 Keywords

Maqataba, Madarssahs, Quran, Mosque, Bismillah.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition