Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Indian feminist literature intricately intertwines the motifs of love and longing with a vehement critique of patriarchal paradigms. Far from mere romantic indulgence, these narratives encapsulate the emotional estrangement, existential voids, and repressed desires experienced by women confined within domestic orthodoxies. Eminent writers such as Shashi Deshpande and Anita Desai dissect the claustrophobia of conjugal life, where women grapple with imposed silence and psychological exile. The sanctified archetypes of womanhood, epitomized by mythic figures like Sita, are subverted to illuminate the insidious expectations of submissiveness. Kamala Das's candid exploration of feminine libido and metaphysical yearning ruptures literary taboos, foregrounding corporeal and emotional autonomy. Literary voices from Toru Dutt to Pandita Ramabai lament the entrenched misogyny of their eras while asserting proto-feminist resistance. Post-independence literature, from Kamala Markandaya's portrayal of agrarian despair to Desai's urban alienation, magnifies the multifaceted suffering of Indian women. Shashi Deshpande's The Binding Vine audaciously exposes the trauma of marital violation cloaked in cultural silence. Anita Nair delineates love as an ambivalent force with tumultuous. Shobha De's Second Thoughts confronts the entanglement of emotional deprivation and suppressed eroticism. The longing in these texts extends beyond eroticism to encompass spiritual anchorage, intellectual emancipation, and socio-cultural liberation. Contemporary feminist literature further dismantles heteronormative constructs by embracing queer identities and alternative desires. These narratives are not merely cathartic expressions but insurgent articulations against hegemonic structures. Through a constellation of diverse voices, Indian feminist literature reclaims the fragmented self and redefines the contours of female subjectivity.

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LOVE AND LONGING IN FEMINISM IN INDIAN LITERATURE

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Lymphoma is a complex group of hematologic malignancies originating from lymphocytes, encompassing Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Each subtype presents distinct biological, clinical, and pathological characteristics, necessitating precise diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Advances in molecular biology and immunology have significantly enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying lymphomagenesis, including genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and immune dysregulation. These discoveries have led to refined classification systems and improved risk stratification.Diagnostic approaches for lymphoma have progressed with the integration of advanced imaging, immunophenotyping, and molecular profiling techniques, enabling more accurate subtype identification and prognostication. Standard therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, remain foundational, but the treatment landscape has shifted with the advent of targeted therapies and immunotherapeutics. Monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and bispecific T-cell engagers have improved response rates and survival outcomes. Furthermore, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown remarkable efficacy in relapsed or refractory cases, offering durable remissions in patients with limited options.This review synthesizes recent progress in lymphoma research and clinical care, emphasizing the critical role of precision medicine and emerging therapeutics in addressing unmet needs.

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KEY WORDS: Lymphoma, Hodgkin Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

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Background: In the context of secondary education, where students encounter increasingly complex texts, the ability to engage in metacognitive processes becomes integral for effective comprehension and critical analysis. Acknowledging the challenges students face in employing metacognitive strategies and the pivotal influence of teachers, this research seeks to explore and enhance instructional methods that foster metacognitive development. Objective: This study aims to investigate, identify, and propose effective strategies for developing metacognitive behaviors among secondary school students in the context of reading English language texts. The objectives include exploring specific challenges faced by students in employing metacognitive strategies, ascertaining the effective metacognitive behaviors observed in students with strong reading comprehension skills, and analyzing the influential role of teachers in shaping students' metacognitive development during English language reading. Methodology: The study is qualitative type. The reviewed articles helped in gaining a nuanced understanding of the strategies, challenges, and influences associated with developing metacognitive behaviors in secondary school students during English language reading. The combination of empirical studies, case analyses, and reviews contributed to a comprehensive and well-informed exploration of the research theme. Conclusion: The exploration of strategies for developing metacognitive behaviors among secondary school students in English language reading is poised to significantly impact educational practices. By identifying specific challenges, understanding effective metacognitive behaviors, and analyzing the influence of teachers, this study contributes valuable insights for enhancing instructional methods. The findings hold the potential to inform educators and policymakers in designing targeted interventions that empower students to navigate the complexities of reading with heightened cognitive awareness. Ultimately, the study aspires to contribute to the cultivation of metacognitive competencies, fostering a generation of secondary school students equipped with the skills necessary for proficient and reflective English language reading.

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Metacognitive behaviors, Secondary school students, Reading, English language, Strategies, Teacher

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This study examines the vision and objectives of the Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA), a national initiative aimed at transforming the state higher education system in India. Using descriptive research design and content analysis, the research analyses three key RUSA documents to explore its strategic framework. The findings reveal that RUSA envisions enhancing access, equity, and excellence in higher education through transparency, accountability, and performance-based reforms. Sixteen objectives outlined in the RUSA guidelines address issues such as Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), quality enhancement, accreditation, structural reforms, inclusive education, faculty development, research and innovation, and infrastructural improvement. The study also highlights RUSA's emphasis on institutional autonomy--academic, administrative, and financial--as essential for quality assurance and effective governance. By aligning with earlier commissions and policy bodies, RUSA aims to modernize higher education in India and promote equitable development. This research underscores the policy's potential to drive systemic reforms and sustainable educational progress across states.

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RUSA, vision, Objective, Analysis

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This paper critically examines the evolving construct of 'Indianness' in Indian English poetry by tracing its trajectory from early universalist and spiritual inclinations to more individualistic and existential explorations in post-independence verse. Beginning with figures like Sri Aurobindo, Rabindranath Tagore, and Sarojini Naidu, whose poetry upheld a vision of India rooted in philosophical depth, spiritual unity, and collective consciousness, the paper identifies a paradigmatic shift in the post-independence period. Poets such as Nissim Ezekiel, Kamala Das, Jayanta Mahapatra, and Keki N. Daruwalla engage with inner conflict, social disillusionment, and fragmented identities. The study thus argues that Indian English poetry has moved from invoking the collective soul of a nation to articulating the fragmented psyche of the individual, reflecting the country's complex postcolonial realities.

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Indianness, Indian, Culture, Realism

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Soft errors caused by radiation in the aerospace industry pose a significant threat to the reliability of SRAM cells, particularly as technology continues to scale down. To mitigate this challenge, this study proposes a novel Soft-Error-Aware 16T (S8P8N) SRAM cell specifically designed for aerospace applications. The proposed cell is evaluated against existing architectures, including 6T, DICE, QUCCE12T, WEQUATRO, RHBD10T, RHBD12T, S4P8N, SEA14T, and SRRD12T, demonstrating its superior resilience to single-event upsets (SEUs) and multinode upsets. Simulation results show that all vulnerable nodes and critical node pairs in the S8P8N cell effectively recover to their original states after experiencing a soft error. The proposed cell also offers improved protection against key multinode upsets. Despite its enhanced error recovery capabilities, the write speed of the proposed cell is reduced by 20.3%, 50.1%, 74.1%, 63.7%, and 50.41% compared to 6T, DICE, QUCCE12T, WEQUATRO, and RHBD10T, respectively. Similarly, the read speed shows a reduction of 56.6%, 52.2%, 62.5%, and 35.2% when compared to 6T, SRRD12T, RHBD12T, and S4P8N, respectively. However, the read static noise margin (RSNM) is significantly improved by 157%, 67%, and 32% when compared to RHBD12T, SEA14T, and SRRD12T. Furthermore, the hold power of the proposed cell is reduced by 14.1%, 13.8%, 17.7%, and 23.4% compared to DICE, WEQUATRO, RHBD10T, and RHBD12T. These improvements are achieved with a minimal area penalty, making the S8P8N cell a promising solution for enhancing the reliability of SRAMs in radiation-prone environments such as aerospace applications.

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Soft-Error-Aware SRAM, Single-Event Upset (SEU), Multinode Upset, Radiation Hardening, Critical Charge (QC), Aerospace Applications.

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2.Abstract Child labour remains a pressing socio-legal issue in many developing nations, particularly India, where millions of children are denied their fundamental rights to education, health, and a safe childhood. This paper critically examines the phenomenon of child labour through a socio-legal lens, highlighting how economic compulsions, systemic failures, and cultural acceptance contribute to its persistence. Despite the existence of robust legal frameworks such as the Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, and constitutional guarantees like the Right to Education (Article 21A), enforcement remains inconsistent and often ineffective. The study investigates the multifaceted causes of child labour, including poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and lack of social security, and analyses its long-term consequences on national development. It explores the judicial interventions, policy measures, and the role of civil society in combating this social evil. Through qualitative analysis and secondary data review, the research highlights how child labour undermines human capital formation, weakens economic growth, and perpetuates cycles of poverty and inequality. Furthermore, the paper offers strategic recommendations for policy reforms, effective enforcement, education-based rehabilitation, and stakeholder collaboration. The findings stress that the elimination of child labour is not merely a legal obligation but a national imperative for inclusive, sustainable development. The paper concludes by calling for a holistic, rights-based approach to restore childhoods and secure the nation's future.

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3.Keywords: o Child Labour o Socio-Legal Analysis o National Development o Human Rights o Poverty and Exploitation o Education and Childhood o Labour Law in India o Judicial Intervention o Policy Implementation o Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) o Informal Sector o Social Justice o Right to Education o Rehabilitation and Welfare o International Labour Organization (ILO)

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The modernization in India has been associated with an increase in lifestyle-related diseases, particularly inflammatory disorders such as Vatarakta (Gout). Vatarakta, characterized by the vitiation of Vata and Rakta doshas, presents as an inflammatory condition. Gout primarily resulting from the deposition of Mono-Sodium Urate (MSU) crystals in small synovial joints. Gout commonly affects small joints, leading to episodes of severe pain and swelling. Recent reports indicate a prevalence of 1-2%, with a notable male preponderance. However, the incidence and prevalence rates of gout show regional and demographic variations. The study aims to explore the complexities of Vatarakta, focusing on its diagnosis, treatment, and the multifactorial factors influencing its progression, such as dietary habits, lifestyle choices, and genetic predispositions. A case report of a female patient with Vatarakta symptoms was assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of an Ayurvedic protocol, which integrates Shodhana with Yoga Basti krama (detoxification), Shamana (pacification), dietary regulations, and lifestyle modifications. The study highlights the significance of a holistic approach to managing Vatarakta, demonstrating that Ayurveda can be an effective intervention to manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients suffering from this condition. Continued research into the link between modern lifestyle and Vatarakta will be essential for developing comprehensive therapeutic strategies.

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Vatarakta, Gouty arthritis, Yogabasti krama, Shamana, vata dushti, rakta dushti.

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Abstract Purpose: Focussing on the geographical, economic, and security functions of Gujarat in defining the bilateral relations between Pakistan and India, this article aims to investigate the strategic importance of the state in these interactions. Design / Method / Approach: The given research has taken a qualitative approach, using secondary data sources such as government reports, academic articles, and media publications, surveying the literature, and analyzing case studies. The article discusses the historical relations, trade statistics, and security agreements between Pakistan and Gujarat, alongside the state's meaning in India's bigger foreign policy context. Findings: The paper discusses the importance of Gujarat in regional diplomacy, defence cooperation, and trade. The report also notes how Gujarat's strategic location along the Arabian Sea and the thriving economy have facilitated cross-border trade even amid political concerns. Originality/Value: By analyzing Gujarat's role in India-Pakistan relations, this study bridges an opportunity for future exploration of an under-researched aspect. It clarifies how subnational entities like Gujarat can influence national foreign policy and contribute to regional stability despite antagonisms of geopolitics. Paper Type: Research Paper

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Keywords: Gujarat, India-Pakistan relations, strategic significance, economic diplomacy, cross-border trade, regional stability

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The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into urban infrastructures has become essential for building sustainable and smart cities. A critical challenge in deploying large-scale IoT systems is ensuring energy-efficient data routing due to the limited battery life and computational resources of most IoT devices. This research focuses on developing and optimizing energy-efficient routing protocols tailored for scalable IoT networks. We propose a hybrid routing approach that leverages both cluster-based and opportunistic routing strategies, adapting dynamically to network conditions to minimize energy consumption. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed protocol significantly improves energy efficiency, extends network lifetime, and maintains reliable data transmission in various smart city applications. This study contributes a scalable routing framework capable of supporting the ever-increasing demands of IoT-based smart environments.

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IoT, Energy-Efficient Routing, Smart Cities, Network Scalability, Cluster-Based Routing, Opportunistic Networking, Protocol Optimization, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)

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