Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Saṃskṛta-sāhitye Uttar-ādhunika-bhāva-dhārāyāḥ Padacihnam.

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Saṃskṛta-sāhitye Uttar-ādhunika-bhāva-dhārāyāḥ Padacihnam.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) has opened up new possibilities for researchers to fabricate products and has even replaced older techniques in certain industrial settings by reducing material usage. Wire Arc-Additive Manufacturing(WAAM) has gained considerable popularity in the study of additive industry attributable its exceptional efficiency and numerous advantages. This technique offers several key benefits, including high-deposition rates, improved material usage, reduced lead-times, enhanced element efficiency, and decreased inventory capital. Like welding, which is a conventional method, Wire Arc-Additive Manufacturing utilizes a layer-by-layer deposition approach to construct larger objects with comparatively lower complexity. The attainment of manufacture of the highest calibre in WAAM is impeded by the significant levels of heat input, leading to various processing challenges and defects. This article primarily addresses the common challenges encountered during the fabrication of various metals and alloys using Wire Arc-Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). These challenges encompass elevated residual stresses, porosity, cracking, and delamination. It provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental aspects of the WAAM method, crucial steps involved, defects, and process planning. Additionally, it includes a review of previous works, addresses challenges, and discusses future prospects in the field.

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Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, WAAM, defects, Additive Manufacturing

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Synopsis The paper explores the evolution and impact of Malayalam New Wave Cinema during 2024 and 2025, highlighting its creative innovation and growing commercial success. Building on a tradition of realism and socio-political commentary, the movement blends local cultural narratives with universal themes, leveraging digital platforms to reach wider audiences both in India and globally. Key characteristics include a focus on societal issues such as caste, gender, identity, and economic disparity, combined with immersive storytelling techniques, participatory filmmaking, and the integration of advanced digital technologies. The essay examines how these films--often minimalistic yet emotionally rich--reflect Kerala's contemporary realities, amplify marginalized voices, and engage in global cultural dialogues. Notable directors like Lijo Jose Pellissery and Dijo Jose Antony exemplify this era's balance between artistic vision and market appeal. By connecting traditional cinematic roots with modern themes and innovative methods, Malayalam New Wave Cinema is positioned as both a cultural force and a commercially viable industry in the 2020s, reshaping how stories are told and experienced.

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Keywords: Malayalam New Wave, Realism, Socio-political commentary, Cultural narratives, Innovative storytelling

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Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of Task-Oriented Training to improve balance among children with Down syndrome. Method: A Quasi-experimental (Single group pretest-posttest) design and Convenience sampling was used for the study. 14 children aged 5 to 12 years with Down syndrome were included in the study. The balance of the participants was assessed (pre-test) using the Pediatric Balance Scale. Participants underwent 45 minutes of Task-Oriented Training sessions, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The balance was reassessed (post-test) using the Pediatric Balance scale. The pre-test and post-test scores of the balance were analyzed and interpreted. Results: The data analysis was carried out using the paired t-test. Based on the analysis, there is a significant improvement in the post-test scores of the balance (p value<0.05) compared to the pre-test scores. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a significant improvement in balance after providing Task-Oriented Training among children with Down syndrome.

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Keywords: Down syndrome, Balance, Pediatric Balance Scale, and Task-Oriented Training.

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The significance of critical thinking and awareness of the factors that lead to fraudulent behaviour and financial fraud are interpreted in this study. The study's goal is further developed by elucidating how fraud management can be applied as corporate governance to stop fraud and why forensic accounting techniques are required. In order to find and create a fraud management and forensic accounting model, this study conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) using a portion of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. According to the research, dishonest behaviour happens when a trigger exists and someone finds it impossible to ignore. It has become ingrained psychologically and has rationalised the reality of fraud on the basis of opportunity and pressure backed by capability, such as the fraud triangle and diamond models' triggers for fraudulent behaviour. Synthesis of findings: In the financial data-based justice system, financial fraud must be resolved through litigation, accounting fraud investigation, and the application of internal control in fraud management for early detection and investigation. Forensic accounting techniques are also required. The research's originality provides a forensic accounting and fraud management approach to guard against fraud and improve the company's financial standing.

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Forensic Accounting, Fraud Triangle model, Fraud Diamond Model, Financial Crime

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The paper aims to represent the concept of gender disguise and identity struggle through the character of Yusuf, one of Sinan's apprentice in the novel The Architect's Apprentice written by Elif Shafak. The novel mirrors the broader historical realities of exiled subjects whose gendered and cultural identities become sites of negotiation and struggle in Ottoman society. The paper examines Yusuf's journey through a postcolonial theoretical lens, analyzing how exile disrupts and reshapes identity. Modern refugee crises are paralleled by Yusuf's exile in The Architect's Apprentice. These events highlight how marginalized individuals navigate displacement, oppression, and survival in a restrictive society. The paper highlights how exile fosters both loss and transformation. The paper argues that gender disguise not only serves as a preventive strategy but also reveals profound tensions between personal identity and societal expectations.

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Gender Disguise, Identity struggle, Exile, Postcolonialism, Elif Shafak.

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ABSTRACT The deliberate elimination of unnecessary components to attain visual clarity and effective communication has made minimalism a distinguishing aesthetic in modern logo design. With an emphasis on form reduction principles--the purposeful simplicity of shape, color, and composition to reduce brand identification to its most basic visual form--this theoretical research paper explores the minimalist approach. Based on semiotic theory, the study examines how minimalist logos serve as potent signifiers, using negative space, restricted color schemes, and geometric shapes that are instantly recognized to express meaning. Gestalt principles of perception, including figure-ground, closure, and closeness, are examined as cognitive processes that allow viewers to perceive coherence and completeness in simplified forms. The review emphasizes various benefits of minimalism, such as improved memorability, cross-media scalability, and its timeless nature. It also discusses possible downsides, including the risks of oversimplification and cultural misinterpretation. The paper pinpoints the equilibrium designers need to find between simplicity and distinctiveness for effective brand communication, through a synthesis of design theory and existing literature. This review provides an overview of potential avenues for future research, including empirical investigations into cultural reception, cognitive processing of minimalist logos, and adaptations in digital contexts like responsive and animated brand marks. The results underscore that minimalism transcends a mere stylistic choice; it is a design methodology grounded in clarity, functionality, and strategic visual reduction. With branding evolving in a highly congested visual landscape, minimalist principles continue to be a potent and pertinent strategy for logo design.

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KEYWORDS: Minimalist logo design, Form reduction principles, Gestalt perception, Brand identity, Visual simplicity

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Anxiety related to examinations is a psychological complication that greatly hinders academic achievements and emotional feelings among the students in secondary school. Over the past couple of years, hypnotherapy has posed as a potentially effective mind-body treatment in reducing anxiety and cognitive improvement. The review presents a summary of the worldwide and Indian research and studies on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and its ability to reduce exam anxiety and enhance academic performance with specific reference to West Bengal in India. Based on randomized controls, qualitative studies, and theoretical perspectives, the article analyses the hypnotherapy workings, how it fares compared to other interventions, and how school-based school mental health initiatives can incorporate its use. The review shows gaps in the research, cultural considerations, and ethical implications, giving the future guidance of the potential empirical work within the Indian educational context.

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Hypnotherapy, Examination Anxiety, Academic Performance, Secondary School Students, West Bengal, Mind-body Intervention

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This study investigates the investment patterns of individual investors with a specific focus on small and medium capitalization (SMC) companies in Karnataka. Data was collected from 400 respondents across various regions to understand how demographic characteristics, risk tolerance, and behavioural aspects influence investment decisions. The analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, such as ANOVA and correlation analysis, to interpret the findings. Results show that younger investors with moderate experience are more inclined toward investing in SMCs, preferring moderate levels of risk. Key factors influencing investment behaviour include the role of professional financial advice, peer influence, and strategic evaluation of investment opportunities. However, the study also identifies gaps in financial literacy, investment diversification, and gender representation among investors. These limitations suggest that many individuals may not be fully equipped to make optimal investment decisions. The findings underline the need for enhanced investor education, simpler access to financial markets, and supportive government policies to promote more inclusive and informed participation in the SMC segment. This research contributes valuable insights to the understanding of investor behaviour in emerging markets and can serve as a reference for financial institutions and policymakers in designing better investment frameworks.

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Investment Patterns, Small and Medium Capitalization (SMC), Risk Tolerance, Investors Preferences, Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Stocks, Risk-Return Preferences.

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Together, Ashwin Sanghi's Chanakya's Chant, The Krishna Key, The Vault of Vishnu, and The Ayodhya Alliance offer a singular blend of Indian mythology, history, and modern political suspense. The Mauryan Empire, the Mahabharata, the India-China Silk Road connection, and the Ramayana are some of the historical anchors that are explored in each book, but they also include applying ancient wisdom to contemporary issues. Chanakya's Chant reflects Chanakya's political genius in a contemporary setting, The Krishna Key solves symbolic and archaeological puzzles rooted in Krishna's legacy, The Vault of Vishnu explores cultural exchanges through an espionage lens, and The Ayodhya Alliance reinterprets the Ramayana to address ideological divisions and national unity. Sanghi's main thesis--that the past is a living force influencing the present--is emphasised by his painstaking research, dual or parallel tales, and blending of fact and fiction. create an engaging corpus where contemporary political and cultural issues are met with India's historical legacy. From the statecraft of the Mauryan strategist Chanakya to the symbolic and archaeological legacy of Krishna, the India-China ties along the Silk Road, and the timeless moral and political values of the Ramayana, each piece is rooted in a unique historical or mythological setting. However, Sanghi's distinctive storytelling approach--in-depth historical study, careful blending of fact and fiction, and the interplay of past and present through parallel or interwoven timelines--unites them despite their diverse places and stories. Chanakya's Chant explores the persistence of political shrewdness over centuries, The Krishna Key traverses the fine line between myth and historical truth, The Vault of Vishnu emphasises cultural diplomacy and the struggle for heritage and The Ayodhya Alliance uses mythological allegory to frame discussions on unity, identity, and governance. When taken as a whole, they serve as both compelling thrillers and insightful analyses of how India's cultural legacy continues to influence modern politics and society.

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Archaeological mystery, Political allegory, Mahabharata, Ramayana, National unity, Identity and governance, Angkor Wat, and Ancient wisdom.

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