Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This research paper explores the evolving strategic relations between Russia and Pakistan from 2010 to 2023, highlighting a significant shift from historical tensions to a multifaceted partnership driven by geopolitical pragmatism and shared interests. Initially strained by Cold War alignments, the relationship warmed post-2010, marked by high-level state visits, strategic dialogues, and the lifting of Russia's arms embargo on Pakistan in 2014. Key areas of cooperation include defence, with joint military exercises and arms deals, and economic ties, notably the PakStream Gas Pipeline Project and a proposed Free Trade Agreement. Both nations share strategic interests in regional stability, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia, amidst challenges like terrorism and nuclear security. The partnership is influenced by external factors, including Pakistan's fraying U.S. ties and Russia's balancing act with its traditional ally, India. While the Russia-Pakistan relationship has grown, it remains secondary to Russia's ties with India. The paper also examines implications for India, particularly in defence and regional energy dynamics, concluding that the evolving Russia-Pakistan partnership reflects the fluid nature of global alliances, driven by mutual benefits and geopolitical realities.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Russia-Pakistan Relations, Strategic Partnership, Geopolitical Dynamics, Defence Cooperation, Economic Ties, Regional Stability, PakStream Gas Pipeline

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Celastrus paniculatus, a botanically significant and therapeutically versatile medicinal plant, has been extensively utilized in traditional and modern systems of medicine. Its pharmacological applications span centuries, with both crude extracts and purified phytoconstituents being employed in the treatment of diverse pathological conditions. The species exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including but not limited to cognition-enhancing, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, antidepressant, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anti-malarial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antifertility, cardioprotective, anxiolytic, wound healing, antispasmodic, hypolipidemic, anticancer, antioxidant, and iron-chelating effects. These multifaceted properties are attributed to its rich phytochemical profile comprising monoterpenes, sesquiterpene esters, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, fatty acids, steroids, flavonoids, polyols, epoxides, polysaccharides, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Rather than the continuous pursuit of novel phytocompounds from unexplored botanical sources, a more pragmatic and cost-effective strategy lies in the rational repurposing of activity-enriched scaffolds from well-established multipotent medicinal plants such as C. paniculatus. This approach not only leverages the intrinsic chemical diversity and established bioavailability of known constituents but also has the potential to significantly reduce time and financial expenditure in drug development. From the standpoint of Ayurvedic medicine, Celastrus paniculatus holds a prominent place in classical compendia. In the Charaka Samhita, it is classified under the category of ?irovirechana Dravyas, indicating its utility in cleansing therapies for disorders of the head and central nervous system. The Sushruta Samhita enumerates it as an Adhobhagahara Dravya, highlighting its purgative action directed toward the lower gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, traditional Nigha??us include this plant under multiple pharmacological clusters, such as Ark?di Ga?a, Gud?cy?di Varga, and Har?taky?di Varga, underscoring its therapeutic breadth and integrative applications in polyherbal formulations. A comprehensive body of literature spanning from 1990 to 2025 has detailed the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacodynamic profiles of C. paniculatus, affirming its relevance as a model species for translational research and integrative therapeutic development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Celastrus paniculatous, nootropic activity, celasteraceae, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, antidepressant

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mahila Shram Bal Bhagidari Ev Carrirer Santushiti Per Ek Panchayat Sthariya Talnatmak Adhyayan

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mahila Shram Bal Bhagidari Ev Carrirer Santushiti Per Ek Panchayat Sthariya Talnatmak Adhyayan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This Paper focused on revocation of the article 370 by the BJP government on 5 August ,2019.The abrogation of article 370 affect on development, it's effect on terrorism in this region and growth of tourism have been given attention in this work. This move was significant for overall betterment of Jammu&Kashmir and the people of this would come in mainstream.The mission of the abrogation of article370 was mentioned in themanifesto of bjp since 1980 to 2019 lok sabha election.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Jammu&Kashmir, Article 370, Abrogation, Terrorism, Tourism

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Herbal medicine, also known as botanical medicine or phytomedicine, utilizes plant-based substances for therapeutic purposes. Curcuma amada Roxb. (mango ginger), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is widely used in traditional systems like Ayurveda and Unani for its medicinal properties. Rich in phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, curcuminoids, and volatile oils, C. amada exhibits antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Traditionally, its rhizomes are used to treat skin conditions, digestive disorders, respiratory ailments, and inflammatory issues. This review explores the plant's phytochemical profile, traditional uses, and pharmacological potential, offering insights for future therapeutic research.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Curcuma amada Roxb, Phytoconstituents, Traditional medicine, Pharmacological activity, Therapeutic potential

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mechanical neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that affects daily functioning and quality of life. Physical therapy interventions such as the McKenzie technique and deep transverse friction massage (DTFM) are commonly employed, yet their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the McKenzie Technique and Deep Transverse Friction Massage (DTFM) combined with conventional therapy in reducing mechanical neck pain.. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 participants diagnosed with mechanical neck pain. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: Group A received the McKenzie technique along with conventional therapy, while Group B received DTFM with the same conventional therapy. Treatment was administered over eight weeks. Outcome measures included the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) for pain intensity, Fuctional rating scale(FRI) for functional status, and WHO QOL BREF, recorded at baseline, mid and post-intervention. RESULT: Both groups showed significant improvements in pain and functional status post-intervention (p < 0.05). However, Group B (DTFM) demonstrated greater reduction in NPRS and FRI scores compared to Group A (MCKENZIE), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). WHO-QOL Bref improved in both groups, but the DTFM group showed more notable gains. CONCLUSION: The Study concluded that the DTFM technique combined with conventional therapy is more effective than Mckenzie technique with conventional therapy in managing mechanical neck pain. It should be considered a preferable approach for reducing pain and disability in clinical practice.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mechanical neck Pain, McKenzie Technique, Deep Transverse Friction Massage, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Functional Rating Index, Quality Of Life- B

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The emotions play a major role in our life. It is our responsibility to take care of our emotions so that they can take care of us. Emotions can make us richer, in knowing, educating and developing of intelligence. Emotional. Emotional intelligence is the capacity and the ability for recognising our own feelings and of others, for motivating and managing our own emotions, empathize with others, and maintain our relationships. Adolescence is a developmental stage and is a crucial phase of emotional growth , marked by fast physical, social, and psychological changes and emotional period, identity exploration. The emotional intelligence allow us to think more creatively and make effective use of our emotions to tackle with challenges of daily life. Emotional Intelligence skill calls for a serious attention in managing the adolescent's life and for their academic performance and for positive social interaction for a balanced life .

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Emotional Intelligence, Adolescents, Academic performance

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Advertising is a powerful communication tool used by businesses to influence consumer behavior. Its effects on youth are profound, shaping their attitudes, preferences, and lifestyle choices. With the growth of digital media and social platforms, young people are increasingly exposed to advertisements, often without realizing it. This exposure can lead to both positive outcomes, such as awareness of new products and social causes, and negative impacts, such as materialism, unhealthy habits, and distorted body image. Understanding how advertising influence youth is crucial for parents, educators, policymakers, and marketers to promote responsible consumption and safeguard young audiences from manipulative tactics.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Consumer behavior, social media influence, Advertising ethics, Brand awareness.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), the flagship health insurance program of India, is meant to provide more than 500 million economically vulnerable citizens across the country with financial protection and access to secondary and tertiary healthcare. Although the urban areas have seen some progress because of the scheme, enormous challenges continue to persist in rural pockets, especially in states like Punjab. In the present study a total of 400 individuals were surveyed (beneficiaries and health care representatives) from nine different villages of three different blocks falling under Faridkot district. The present article analyses the barriers and bottlenecks in the implementation of the scheme across selected villages of Punjab- backstopped by field data alongside interviews with beneficiaries and healthcare providers.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Challenges and Barriers in implementation of PM-JAY scheme in villages of Faridkot district

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Post-stroke spasticity is a significant complication that affects approximately 40% of stroke survivors, leading to impaired motor control and functional limitations. While conventional physiotherapy offers moderate results, complementary techniques like cupping therapy have shown emerging promises in neuromuscular rehabilitation. Case Presentation: This case report discusses a 54-year-old male patient who presented with right hemiparesis following a cerebrovascular accident. He reported difficulty in hand function, balance, and ambulation. Initial assessment revealed increased tone in multiple upper and lower limb muscle groups, as measured by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and impaired motor function using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). Intervention: The patient underwent static and dynamic cupping therapy over four weeks (2 sessions/week, total 8 sessions), along with conventional neurorehabilitation. Static cupping involved placement of cups on spastic muscles, while dynamic cupping involved gliding movements over lubricated skin for myofascial release. Cupping was administered to affected muscles including the biceps, wrist flexors, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius. Results: Post-treatment, MAS scores showed reduced spasticity in both upper and lower limbs. FMA scores improved from 45/66 to 54/66 in the upper limb and from 17/34 to 23/34 in the lower limb, resulting in an overall score increase of 15 points. Functional gains were observed in voluntary motor control, trunk stability, and gait. Conclusion: The combined use of static and dynamic cupping therapy with rehabilitation training significantly reduced spasticity and improved motor outcomes. Dynamic cupping, in particular, contributed to enhanced neuromuscular modulation. These findings support cupping as a valuable adjunct in stroke rehabilitation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Post-stroke spasticity, cupping therapy, neurorehabilitation, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Modified Ashworth Scale

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition