Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Ketotifen hydrazine, a tricyclic antihistamine, is a structurally distinct compound from ketotifen, possessing an additional diazene moiety. Although identified as an H?-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer, its preparations remain pending formal approval from major regulatory agencies, including the FDA and EMA. Despite sharing a similar mechanism of action with ketotifen fumarate, ketotifen hydrazine has not been marketed as a standalone therapeutic agent globally. This hypothetical analysis aims to explore the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of ketotifen hydrazine, addressing the knowledge gaps in its development and potential applications. By examining its structural uniqueness and pharmacological profile, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of ketotifen hydrazine's possibilities, limitations, and future directions, ultimately informing regulatory decisions and guiding its potential entry into the global market.

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 Keywords

Ketotifen hydrazine, antihistamine, hypothetical.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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INTRODUCTION: Immunization is one the most cost-effective health services to prevent chroni illness that contribute to child mortality in the country, particular in environment where malnourished children, overcrowding, poverty and illiteracy reign childhood immunization has been an important part of maternal and child health services. Objective: To assess the knowledge level regarding revised Immunization among mother of under five children. Methods: The quantitative research approach and survey research design was used to collect the data. The total 60 samples was collected by purposive sampling technique. Demographic and structured questionnaires was used to collect the data. Result: The Result shows that Majority of the mothers were between 20-35 years of age, All are 100% (100) were female, 57% (23) were having secondary school certificate, Majority of 70% (28) under-five mothers were housewife, 80% (34) religion I Hindu, 82.5% (33) were married, 50% (20) were nuclear family,45% (18) under-five mothers having the information about immunization. The level of knowledge of mothers pretest was categorized in poor, good and average. The result shows that 50% mothers of under five children have good knowledge, 45%have average knowledge and 5% mothers f under five children have poor knowledge.

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Knowledge, under five children mothers, revised immunization

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Financial success is important for companies looking to grow in the challenging marketing environment. To increase profitability and remain competitive in the marketplace, businesses must effectively adapt to changes in market conditions. The key operational decision that ultimately affects expectations for performance is to make the three key financial decisions regarding investment, financing, and dividends. This study investigates the link between capital structure and profitability in a sample of manufacturing enterprises, with a particular focus on financing decisions. Over a ten-year period from 2011 to 2020, it examined five industries that produce manufactured goods: iron and steel, metals, oil and gas, medicines, and electricity generation and distribution. Using the "CAPITALINE" database, the National Stock Exchange (NSE) provided the secondary data for this investigation, including sales turnover. The generalized method of moments (GMM) was used to analyze the data within the parameters of a dynamic panel regression model. For the sample of firms, the study's findings demonstrated a strong correlation between capital structure choices and manufacturing environment profitability.

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Capital Structure, GMM Method, Dynamic Panel Regression, National Stock Exchange (NSE)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This work analyzes the performance of a silicon photonic micro-ring resonator using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. Micro-ring resonators are critical components for implementing photonic computation and communication circuits in next-generation systems. Their resonance properties are fundamental to silicon photonic technology and require detailed study for effective circuit and system design. The analysis focuses on resonant characteristics for ring radii ranging from 2 ?m to 20 ?m, considering a waveguide group index of 3. Results demonstrate a significant dependence of device quality on ring size. A resonator with a 2 ?m radius exhibits a Q-factor of approximately 83.3, whereas a 20 ?m radius resonator achieves a Q-factor of 393.7 under the specified conditions.

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SiO2, Microring resonator, FDTD.

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Banking fraud has become an increasingly sophisticated threat to India's financial ecosystem. Despite regulatory reforms, internal weaknesses persist, leading to major economic setbacks and erosion of public trust. This paper critically examines the internal mechanisms employed by Indian banks to combat fraud, assesses their legal framework, and evaluates the role of emerging technologies. By analyzing high-profile fraud cases, reviewing statutory provisions, and surveying literature on internal controls, the study proposes strategic improvements. A hybrid approach combining legal accountability, employee training, and real-time digital monitoring is advocated as key to minimizing fraud and reinforcing trust in the banking sector.

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 Keywords

Banking fraud ,law, finance, Artificial Intelligence, Credit-related frauds opublic policy, Cyber frauds financial architecture,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The field of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) has experienced significant advancements aimed at overcoming limitations of conventional therapeutic approaches. This review comprehensively discusses the classification of NDDS based on delivery mechanisms, carrier types, and target specificity, encompassing controlled release systems, targeted delivery platforms, nanoparticle-based carriers, transdermal patches, inhalation devices, and stimuli-responsive systems. Recent technological innovations, such as biodegradable polymers, ligand-mediated targeting, microneedle arrays, and smart responsive nanoparticles, have enhanced drug bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and patient compliance. The review further explores the diverse clinical applications of NDDS across oncology, infectious diseases, chronic conditions, and gene therapy, highlighting their role in minimizing systemic toxicity and enabling precision medicine. Despite remarkable progress, challenges including manufacturing scalability, regulatory hurdles, and long-term safety remain. Future research directions emphasize interdisciplinary integration and personalized delivery strategies to fully realize NDDS's potential in transforming global healthcare.

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Novel drug delivery systems, Targeted drug delivery

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This review emphasizes review on the psychological, academic, and behavioural effects of social media on senior secondary students, emphasizing emotional maturity, mental health, academic performance, and evolving digital behaviour patterns. The widespread use of mobile devices and social media has increased adolescent dependency. While these platforms enable connectivity, collaboration, and educational opportunities, excessive use is linked to psychological distress, behavioural addiction, sleep disturbances, reduced attention spans, and poorer academic outcomes. Drawing from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, this paper explores gender and regional differences and examines mediating factors like self-esteem, cyberbullying, and online peer pressure. It highlights the importance of supervised social media use, digital literacy programs, targeted interventions, and further research to understand the complex, evolving impacts on students' cognitive, emotional, and academic development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Social media, Students, Behavioural effects, Academics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U), launched by the Government of India in June 2015, stands as a monumental policy initiative aimed at providing "Housing for All" by ensuring that every eligible urban family has access to a pucca house with basic civic amenities. This mission emerged in response to India's deepening urban housing crisis, characterized by a growing population, rising informal settlements and unaffordable housing markets for economically weaker sections (EWS), low-income groups (LIG) and the informal workforce. By June 2024, the scheme had approved more than 1.18 crore housing units, out of which approximately 83.67 lakh had been constructed and allotted to the intended beneficiaries. However, behind these impressive figures lies a complex landscape of administrative hurdles, technological gaps, data mismatches and implementation delays. This paper explores these challenges in depth, with a focused lens on the state of Punjab and more specifically, Ludhiana district, an urban-industrial hub with high housing demand and a large migrant population. Drawing from government data, official guidelines, district-level presentations and operational feedback from field officers, the paper highlights operational successes, reveals persistent bottlenecks and offers data-backed recommendations to improve future iterations of the scheme. The aim is not only to evaluate what has worked and what has not but also to propose pragmatic reforms to make urban housing in India more inclusive, efficient and citizen centric.

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 Keywords

Housing for All Urban Housing Crisis PMAY-U Implementation Challenges Inclusive Growth

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Tracker Desktop Application in Cloud Computing" It is a modern solution developed to monitor and analyze desktop usage in real-time while leveraging the benefits of cloud technology. The system tracks key user activities such as application usage, CPU and memory performance, and input interactions, providing meaningful insights into system behavior. Built with a React.js frontend and cloud-based backend, it ensures secure storage, smooth performance, and remote accessibility.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Desktop Tracker, cloud computing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sphaeranthus indicus Linn., belonging to the Asteraceae family, also known as Gorakh Mundi or East Indian Globe Thistle, is a fragrant herb used in Indian traditional medicine. It thrives abundantly in damp areas, including as a weed in rice fields across India. In traditional Indian medicine, many different components of the plant, including the leaves, cortex, wood, roots, flower, and seed, are used to cure a variety of illnesses.[1] The plant, found in India, Africa, Australia, Indo-Malesia, and Sri Lanka, has numerous medicinal properties, including antitussive, wound healing, broncho dilatory, antioxidant, and CNS depressant properties.[2] Sphaeranthus indicus is rich in diverse secondary metabolites, including eudesmanolides, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, sesquiterpene acids, flavone glycosides, flavonoid C-glycosides, is flavone glycoside, sterols, sterol glycosides, alkaloids, peptide alkaloids, amino acids, and sugars. Essential oils extracted from its flowers and whole plants contain monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes.[1] Sphaeranthus indicus demonstrates a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities across its various formulations, making it a versatile herb in both traditional and modern medicinal practices. From creams and ointments for topical relief to syrups and capsules for systemic benefits, each formulation harnesses the herb's therapeutic potential supported by scientific evidence.[1] Although extensively reviewed in previous literature, this review aims to explore its Siddha and Ayurvedic uses, in addition to its biological effects and botanical compounds characteristics.[2] It encompasses the structure, botanical compounds composition, ethnobotanical uses, and pharmacological activities reported for Sphaeranthus indicus.[1]

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 Keywords

pharmacological activities, formulations, ethnobotanical uses, secondary metabolites.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition