Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

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Pre- Experimental study, effectiveness, planned teaching programme, air pollution

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mutual fund is known as the best investment option among the investors and it recorded as a very fast-growing industry over that past two decades. To satisfy the various expectations of the women investors, it needs to evaluated and assessed efficiently on the basis of performance and the comparison should be made with other different funds. Mutual funds offer a platform to the rational investors for making participation in the capital market with the help of professional fund management system irrespective of the investment amount in the funds. Mutual fund is known as the integral part of the financial market which is earning the publicity among the women investors just because of its suitable policy and it offers many more opportunities to the investors to make investment in the diversified portfolio which are being managed professionally and efficiently with the help of normal operations and expected good amount of returns. Generally, women investors are known as more risk averse as compared to the men investors and they don't want to make investment in the share market directly and for which they are mostly giving preference to invest in the mutual fund as it is known as less risky investment instrument. On the other hand, mutual funds are not taken as the favorable investment option by other types investors as they are mostly depending on the stock market which is volatile by nature and the range of products to meet the expectations of the investors are not properly segregated. The overall operating performance of mutual funds turned into complexity while dealing with risk and return assessment. So, the study of mutual funds from various aspects has become more essential which is going to give importance on the level of awareness, expectations and perceptions of the women investors in market. The present paper has given more attention to study the different factors which are affecting the investment decision and perception of the women investors with response to the mutual fund investment.

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Women investors, Mutual fund investment, Investment perception, Investment attitude, Risk perception, Investment preferences

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ABSTRACT Activated carbon prepared from polyalthia longifolia seed by various chemical processes shows excellent improvement in the surface characteristics. Surface morphology also plays a significant role in the adsorption Properties along with surface functional groups. Activated carbon micropores, mesopores and macropores. The volume of these pones varies depending upon the activating agents used during various processes, used. The morphology of the resulting sample was studied by scanning electron microscopy and the surface functional group was investigated by infra red spectroscopy techniques, physico-chemical characteristics such as bulk density, moisture content, ash content, matter soluble in water, soluble in acid, PH iodine number, conductivity, porosity, yield percentage and surface area have been carried out to assess the suitability of the carbon as adsorbent, results of this investigation indicate that the activated carbon prepared using polyalthia longifolia by H2 So4 impregnation process followed by activation at 110oC and yield activated carbon with the highest surface area and more developed micro, meso, macro porosity. Keywords : Polyalthia longifolia, Activated carbon; carbonization, SEM, XRD,IR.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords : Polyalthia longifolia, Activated carbon; carbonization, SEM, XRD,IR.

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The oral pH plays a critical role in the development of dental caries. This review discusses the rationale for a novel, 100% natural, pH-sensitive herbal tooth gel that incorporates anthocyanin-rich plant extracts (e.g., a pigmented fruit source peel, a pigmented flower source) for foam color change in response to oral ph. Additionally, it explores the antibacterial potential of an herbal antimicrobial agent and a natural antimicrobial herb, which are known to exhibit enhanced activity in acidic conditions. While this paper reviews the scientific background and existing literature, the proposed formulation is yet to be experimentally developed. The formulation and evaluation will be carried out as part of our upcoming research work, aiming for a potentially patentable product in natural oral care.

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Acid-triggered therapy, Antibacterial activity, Anthocyanin sensors, Foam-based visualisation, Oral microbiome control, Smart oral care

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Gang rape is a heinous crime that has devastating consequences for the victim. It is especially heinous when the victim is a young girl. The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section 376D(a) specifically deals with gang rape of women under the age of sixteen years. This section was introduced in 2013 as part of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013.The punishment for gang rape under Section 376D(a) of the IPC in Tamil Nadu . The objective of the study is to find whether Pocso act is made for childrens who are under 18 years of age.The researcher used empirical method.The researcher has used a convenient sampling method The primary and secondary sources were collected through questionnaire , magazine, journal, books and articles. Understanding public opinion on this issue provides valuable insights into the societal perspectives on punishment, justice, and rehabilitation concerning these egregious crimes against minors.The paper finds that factors such as inadequate law enforcement, societal stigma, and delayed judicial processes continue to affect the implementation and perceived impact of such laws. By exploring these elements, this research seeks to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on improving legal and social frameworks for safeguarding women and children from heinous crimes.The paper suggests that, there are many challenges faced in prosecuting cases of gang rape, such as the lack of evidence, the reluctance of victims to come forward, and the stigma associated with rape.It is important to provide support to victims of gang rape, both physically and emotionally. This can include providing medical care, counselling, and legal assistance.

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Gang Rape, Victims, Laws, Girls, Children, India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Background Inflammation is a natural biological response to injury or infection, often characterized by redness, swelling, pain, and heat. While acute inflammation is a protective mechanism, chronic or unmanaged inflammation can lead to discomfort and various skin disorders. Conventional anti-inflammatory medications may produce side effects with long-term use, prompting increased interest in natural and plant-based alternatives. Herbal medicine has long been used in traditional systems for treating inflammatory conditions. Tridax procumbens, a medicinal herb commonly used in Ayurveda and folk medicine, is known for its anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), rich in curcumin, is widely recognized for its powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Aloe Vera is a well-established natural skin soother and moisturizer. Essential oils such as eucalyptus oil and peppermint oil are used for their analgesic, cooling, and antimicrobial effects. Ethanol serves both as a solvent for plant extracts and a preservative, while glycerin helps to retain skin moisture and improve the feel of the product. Combining these natural components into a topical spray formulation provides a convenient, fast-absorbing, and non-greasy method for delivering anti-inflammatory and soothing effects directly to the affected area. This formulation is designed to offer a safe, effective, and natural solution for managing minor inflammation, skin irritation, and wounds. Method: The formulation of the anti-inflammatory spray begins with the preparation of the solvent phase. Approximately 60-65 mL of 70% ethanol is poured into a clean, dry beaker, followed by the addition of glycerin, which is mixed gently to ensure uniform blending. Next, the Tridax procumbens extract and turmeric extract are incorporated into the ethanol-glycerin mixture and stirred thoroughly until fully dissolved or uniformly dispersed. Eucalyptus oil and peppermint oil are then added dropwise while continuously stirring to achieve proper emulsification and dispersion. Subsequently, aloe Vera gel is slowly introduced into the mixture with gentle and continuous stirring to maintain a smooth and homogeneous consistency. The total volume is adjusted to 100 mL by adding more ethanol as required. The pH of the formulation is measured and adjusted to a skin-compatible range of 5.5 to 6.0 using either citric acid to lower the pH or sodium bicarbonate to raise it, added drop by drop under monitoring. Finally, the solution is filtered if necessary using muslin cloth or Whatman filter paper to remove any undissolved particles and then transferred into sterile, amber-colored spray bottles for storage and use. Results: The prepared formulation appeared to be green in color, exhibiting acceptable pH and we have also prepared formulation. The result of prepared formulation was compared with marketed Iodex rapid action spray formulation having similar activity. Conclusion: The evaluation test also indicated that the formulation had acceptable pH, evaporation time, spray pattern, spray angle, average weight per dose, and also the bottles passed the MWIT Turkewadi ABSTRACT leakage test. It was further inferred that it is possible to develop safer and equal effective anti-inflammatory spray from the extract of Tridax procumbens and turmeric.

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Tridax procumbens, turmeric, aloe Vera gel, ethanol, glycerin, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil,

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The Solar flares are sudden powerful explode of energy from the Sun spread across the space that can seriously disturb Earth's magnetic shield, the magnetosphere. This unwanted energy can cause for real problems in our daily lives, such as interrupting satellite communications, GPS signals, and even causing power outages on the ground. This research our aim is to focuses on understanding and predicting how solar flares can Earth's magnetosphere by studying the powerful superstorm which happened in May 2024. The protective boundary of the magnetosphere was pushed unusually close to Earth, putting satellites and other systems at risk during this storm. We may be able to recreate how the magnetosphere responded during this event by using advanced computer models which simulate the movement of charged particles and magnetic fields. We also used machine learning tools to predict when solar storms would hit Earth and how strong they would be. The machine learning model may warn with impressive accuracy, giving us valuable time to protect our technology. This study shows that forecasting systems combined with detailed physical models can helps us better prepare for space weather events that could disrupt modern life. The storm raised in MAY 2024 had real impacts, including affecting airline routes, causing satellite glitches, and challenging power grid operators. As the Sun becomes more active in the coming years, therefore it is essential to keep improving our ability to predict and respond to these space weather events to protect both our technology and our daily activities.

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Solar Flares, Magnetosphere, Space Weather, Geomagnetic Storms, MHD Modeling, AI Forecasting, CMEs, Ionosphere

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Purpose: We recommend employing project management to manage sports events. To this purpose, we recommend an adaptation of the PM² project management methodology, which was developed inside the European Commission, to manage sports projects. Design/methodology/approach: We offer theoretical analyses arguing about what is a project in sport, the roles of event and sport management, and a theoretical adaptation of PM² methodology to sport management. While this study presents a tailored PM² approach designed for sports events, it also presents structured frameworks to incorporate two key dimensions (Risk Management and Sustainability Practices) to consider operational vulnerabilities and environmental accountabilities in sports events management. Results: We demonstrate that event management could be improved by PM² methodology with several adjustments. The primary adjustment involves splitting the original project execution phase into two distinct phases - the deployment phase and the project execution phase (stricto sensu). The first narrowly encompasses all the activities carried out in preparation for the sports competition, while the latter addresses the complexity of the precise dates of the competition in question, which includes simultaneous presence, mass participation of participants, and mass presence of spectators for this event. We also suggest changes to the original PM² governance model, to allow for a market orientation in order to maximize economic return of the event and why it includes the idea of the "extended customer," which includes the event owner, the participants and the spectators, as well as a risk management system across all phases of the PM² lifecycle framework and sustainability practice suggestions, in particular the minimization of waste and energy usage, and environmental impact assessments (ensuring events are not just well-managed, but resilient and environmentally friendly). Research limitations/implications: There needs to be more empirical research to examine how this adaptation of PM² gets implemented, especially the risk frameworks and sustainability impact indicators prescribed. Practical implications: We provide an adaptation of PM² methodology for the event managers enabling them to use project management standards in their respective events. Our adapted version reflects the marketing mix and market orientation, often referred to by event managers along with new tools and techniques to mitigate and manage risks and sustainable choices during the lifecycle of the project. Social implications: As an outcome, the rethinking of the role of sports events and managers to a project management perspective, will allow the use of cost-benefit analysis when developing a sport event which enables sports events to be not only successful but also profitable, sustainable or responsible and efficient. Moreover, the integration of sustainability principals and rigorous risk management, increases stakeholder trust in a future focused approach aligning with growing environmental and social governance (ESG) expectations globally. Originality/value: PM² is being applied for the first time to events, specifically sport events. The specific unique aspects of PM² make it useful in any sector, such as sport events where the manager may not have the project management standards and methodologies transferable experience. This extension proposal takes a progressive step in aligning project governance with newer imperatives of resilience to risk and sustainable development.

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Sports Management, Sports, Event Management, Management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????????? (Information and Communication Technology - ICT) ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??, ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??, ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ????????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????, ?????????, ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ICT ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? 20 ??? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ICT ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????, ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???

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????? ????? ???????????? (ICT), ??? ????? (Juvenile Delinquency), ????? ????? (Cyber Crime),???? ??????, ????? ????? (Juvenile Justice), ?????? ??????, ?????? ????? ,????? ??????? (Adolescent Behavior)

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This work presents the design and implementation of an All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL) on the PYNQ-Z2 FPGA platform. The proposed system addresses limitations of traditional analog PLLs by utilizing fully digital components, enabling higher precision, scalability, and seamless integration with modern digital systems. The ADPLL architecture integrates a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC), a Proportional-Integral Digital Loop Filter, a Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO), and a Frequency Divider. A normal filter is employed to improve noise immunity and enhance loop stability. The design is implemented in Verilog, synthesized, and deployed on the PYNQ-Z2 FPGA. Simulation and hardware tests validate the system's ability to achieve minimal jitter, zero steady-state phase error, and high synchronization accuracy, making it suitable for communication, signal processing, and clock synchronization applications.

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All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL), PYNQ-Z2 FPGA, Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC), Digital Loop Filter, Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO), Frequency Divider, Phase Synchronization.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition