Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

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Abstract Andhra Pragathi Grameena Bank (APGB), a Regional Rural Bank (RRB) operating in Andhra Pradesh, has demonstrated a significant commitment to advancing financial inclusion and fostering community development in its predominantly rural and drought-prone operational areas over the past decade (2015-2025). This report provides a comprehensive analysis of APGB's strategic initiatives, performance metrics, and overall impact on financial inclusion and community development.

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Key words: Regional Rural Banks, APGB, Financial inclusion, Community development, Social security schmes, SHG's , CSR , Key Performance Indicators, Growth rate, Rural Economy.

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Re examining Panchachar: A Comprehensive Study of the Fivefold Jain Code of Conduct

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Re examining Panchachar: A Comprehensive Study of the Fivefold Jain Code of Conduct

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This study examines the implementation and impact of the Reformed Teacher Observation Protocol (RTOP) at Shantiniketan School's primary section (grades 1-5) over two years (2023-2024). The research tracks the transformation of teaching practices from traditional methodologies toward more facilitative approaches using Understanding by Design (UbD) frameworks. Quantitative analysis of RTOP scores across 31 teachers reveals a significant overall improvement (mean score increase from 61.0 to 70.3), with the greatest gains in Classroom Culture domains. Despite progress, challenges persist in Procedural Knowledge and student-directed learning. The study identifies exemplary practitioners, teachers requiring intervention, and domain-specific trends. These findings contribute to the understanding of teacher development in constructivist educational settings and offer insights into effective professional development strategies for primary education transformation. The paper concludes with recommendations for sustaining and accelerating progress in pedagogical transformation.

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Reformed Teacher Observation Protocol (RTOP), teacher development, constructivist teaching, primary education, Understanding by Design, classroom observation

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies permit to build up products with high level of geometrical complex shape and personalized as unique product by implying low cost and quick time production compared with other manufacturing processes. There is an increasing need for custom-made products in the medical sector. 3D printing plays a crucial role in personalization of medical products, evolving from "mass production" to "mass individualization". Additive manufacturing has a wide range of medical applications, and is extremely important to reconstructive surgery. 3D printing is widely used for the development of products ranging from dental implants to heart valves and joint replacements. AM creates accurate three dimensional models, which will help the surgeons for understanding the anatomy of individual patients. It also help for training purpose for the medical institutions, cardio training. The role of 4D printing is also emerging for precisely manufacturing the heart model. 4D printing technology has the potential to manufacture a specific part or customized model of artificial hearts. This innovation can solve this long term problem and opens a new path for heart patients. Heart model printed by 4D technology can also grow with the passage of time and change of temperature.in future 4D printing technology will be also used in printing livers, kidney by using smart materials with perfect fitting and genetically matching.

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Additive Manufacturing, 3DP, 4DP, Customization, Cardiology, Smart Materials

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The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) was launched by Government of India to provide collateral free credit to micro and Small enterprises, with a special focus on promoting entrepreneueship among women. Despite these objectives, many women entrepreneurs face barriers in availing and effectively utilizing Mudra loans. This study explores these constraints through primary data collected from 200 women entrepreneurs across Karnataka who have applied for or availed Mudra loans. Data were gathered using structural questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic assessment. The findings indicate that major challenges include limited awareness about loan provisions, procedural complexities in documentation, delays in loan approval and disbursement, and inadequate guidance during the application process. Additionally, socio-cultural factors such as gender bias, restricted mobility and lack of strong business networks hinder optimal utilization of loan funds. The study highlights the need for targeted financial literacy programs, streamlined procedures, enhanced institutional support, and post loan mentoring to ensure Mudra loans translate into sustainable entrepreneurial growth. The results provide actionable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and development agencies aiming to strengthen women's participation in the entrepreneurial ecosystem through inclusive finance.

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Women Entrepreneurs, Mudra loans, Challenges, Financial inclusion, Loan utilization.

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This study examines the social welfare development of tribal communities in Coimbatore District, focusing specifically on the Irulas tribe. Despite their rich cultural heritage, the Irulas face numerous socio-economic challenges, including high poverty rates, limited access to education, and inadequate healthcare services. This research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to evaluate the effectiveness of existing welfare programs. The findings reveal that while government initiatives aimed at improving the welfare of tribal populations are in place, significant barriers to implementation remain. These include bureaucratic inefficiencies, a lack of community awareness, and cultural obstacles that hinder participation. Moreover, the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is highlighted as crucial in facilitating access to resources and empowering the Irulas community. Key findings indicate that although various government schemes exist to promote tribal welfare--such as employment generation, educational scholarships, and healthcare services--implementation often falls short due to bureaucratic inefficiencies, lack of awareness among the community, and cultural barriers that inhibit participation. Many Irulas remain unaware of the available resources, leading to underutilization of welfare programs. The study concludes with several recommendations aimed at enhancing the social welfare of the Irulas. These include: 1.Community Engagement: Actively involve the Irulas community in the planning and execution of welfare programs to ensure their needs are met. 2.Awareness Campaigns: Implement targeted awareness initiatives to educate the community about available services and benefits. 3.Collaborative Efforts: Foster partnerships between government agencies and NGOs to create a more cohesive approach to tribal welfare The study emphasizes the need for customized interventions that align with the socio-cultural dynamics of the Irulas. Recommendations include enhancing community engagement in the planning and execution of welfare programs, increasing awareness of available services, and fostering collaboration between government bodies and NGOs. Ultimately, this research aims to inform policymakers and contribute to the sustainable development of the Irulas tribe in Coimbatore District.

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Social Welfare Administration Irula Tribe

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Herbal hair gels enriched with natural extracts present a promising approach to scalp health and nourishment. This study explores a unique formulation incorporating guava, amla, and aloe vera, which has demonstrated effectiveness against fungal infections such as candidiasis while enhancing hair strength and shine. Guava leaves possess antifungal properties that may inhibit the candida growth, a common contributor to dandruff, while their rich vitamin C and A content supports hair vitality. Amla, known for its exceptionally high vitamin C levels, aids in preventing premature greying and strengthens hair follicles. Aloe vera gently cleanses and conditions the scalp, reducing hair breakage and improving moisture retention. The formulation utilizes Carbopol 934 and triethanolamine to ensure a stable polyhedral gel structure, effectively nourishing the hair while combating fungal infections. Although guava-based hair gels are not widely commercialized, their potential benefits highlight a compelling natural solution for holistic scalp and hair care.

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Herbal hair gel, Natural antifungal remedy, Guava leaf benefits, Amla for hair health, Aloe vera scalp care, Polyherbal formulation, Dandruff treatment, Eco-friendly hair products.

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Cultural Entrepreneurship and Branding: Exploring Business Potential of Symbolic Motif in Angami Woodcarving Abstract This study aims to record the symbolic meaning of the traditional artistic works carved in Angami Kharu. Rooted in the rich cultural heritage of the Angami Naga community, the motifs carved in the Angami Kharu carry deep symbolic meanings which has been passed down across generations. In the study, the cultural and symbolic meaning of these motifs and their applicability in the branding of cultural products is highlighted. By studying how the motifs express identity, authenticity, and heritage, the paper shows how these traditional designs can help create strong brands in cultural tourism. Through qualitative methods and cultural analysis, this study adds to the knowledge about using heritage in business and shows how indigenous art can create value in today's markets. The findings highlight the need to record cultural identity while encouraging innovative, locally grounded entrepreneurial ventures.

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Cultural Entrepreneurship, Branding, Symbolic Motifs, Angami Woodcarving, Cultural Tourism

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भारत का शिक्षा क्षेत्र हाल के वर्षों में एक महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव के दौर से गुजरा है, जो मुख्य रूप से तकनीकी प्रगति और उद्यमशील पहलों द्वारा संचालित हुआ है। शिक्षा व्यवसाय में नवाचारी प्रथाओं ने न केवल शिक्षा की पहुँच और गुणवत्ता में सुधार किया है, बल्कि छात्रों के कौशल विकास में भी अहम भूमिका निभाई है। यह शोधपत्र भारत में शिक्षा में नवाचारों के परिदृश्य की पड़ताल करता है, प्रमुख प्रथाओं का विश्लेषण करता है, चुनौतियों की पहचान करता है और छात्रों के कौशल विकास पर उनके प्रभावों का परीक्षण करता है।

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This paper examines the administrative contributions and reformist leadership of prominent women rulers in Indian history, highlighting their governance strategies, socio-political reforms, and resilience against patriarchal resistance. Through detailed case studies of Razia Sultana, Jijabai, Ahilyabai Holkar, Rani Durgavati, and Rani Chennamma, the research underscores their roles in statecraft, justice, military organization, infrastructure development, agrarian reforms, and cultural revival. These leaders not only defied gender norms but also redefined governance by prioritizing public welfare, merit-based appointments, and inclusive policies. Despite operating in male-dominated political environments, their reigns reflected a blend of strategic vision, ethical leadership, and grassroots engagement. The paper situates their contributions within broader themes of resistance, decentralization, and community empowerment, offering a gendered yet equitable lens to reinterpret Indian political history. Their legacies provide enduring models for contemporary governance, emphasizing that effective leadership is shaped by competence, compassion, and integrity rather than gender

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Women rulers India Female leaders India history Women in Indian politics Famous queens of India Women in administration India Indian history women leaders Female warriors India Women empowerment history

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