Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Migration exists since there are people on Earth. Ever since, a part of those people not satisfied with their opportunities or who had to flee from war or persecution tried to find a better life somewhere else, if the circumstances allowed it. Today, global migration has reached a dimension that was considered unimaginable just a few years ago. In the current world order, democratic states, most of which have affirmed various international law instruments such as covenants, conventions, declarations, resolutions and so on, have responsibility towards refugees. Further, states that include the principle of universal human rights as part of their municipal legal framework have responsibility towards refugees. Obviously, many states fit in both categories. However, problems arise with an increase in the magnitude of refugee movement, when a large number of refugees enter a state's territory and ask for their entitlements as per international law instruments or municipal laws or both. In this kind of situation the state may apply its sovereign right over its territory and close its border, but, on the other hand, the state is bound by responsibilities arising from the norms of universal human rights. The question, then, is whether democratic states have any obligation to protect refugees, and if so, what are those obligations?

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Refugee Law, International Refugee Law, Asylum Seekers, Refugee Rights, Refugee Protection, Legal Status of Refugees, Human Rights and Refugees, Indian Immigration Law and Refugees, India and UNHCR

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Abstract: In recent decades, our mother Earth has been experiencing climate change beyond human activities due to disturbances within the natural balance of greenhouse gases, which maintains the earth's temperature at a traditional habitable level. Regional Climate Changes, particularly the temperature rise are affecting many natural and human systems. The climate of Manipur is influenced by the topographical features and enjoys tropical and sub-tropical kind of climates; where wet in summer and dry in winter. Besides, location, altitude, topography, the direction of the prevailing winds and seasonal rhythm etc., are the factors controlling the temperature of the state. The paper aims to seek out the causes of emerging environmental degradation and becoming serious blows to global climate change and water shade management within the state.

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Keywords: Climate Changes, Greenhouse effects, Topographical Features, Prevailing Winds, Deforestation, Water shade Management

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ABSTRACT We confront numerous diseases that affect human health in our day-to-day lives.The illness that affects infants to the elderly is stomatitis.Various factors can contribute to this, including inadequate oral hygiene, dental decay, and systemic conditions including allergies, infections, or drugs.This oral ailment is quite prevalent.There have been reports of a 20% frequency in the general population..A collection of oral ulcers, usually on the inside part of the lip, is also present. stomatitis is a condition marked by ulcers, redness, swelling, and sporadic bleeding from the afflicted area.It can happen to immunocompromised patients with ease. .Katralaiyathi thylam plays a vital role in treating Akkaram (stomatitis) AIM AND OBJECTIVE To provide an updated overview about siddha polyherbal formulation katralaiyathi thylam for Akkaram MATERIALS AMD METHODS The test drug KATRALAIYATI THYLAM is a multiherbal formulation mentioned in siddha literature "Theraiyar anthathi " page number 66 DISCUSSION Stomatitis may be managed with the aid of katralaiyathi thylam's pharmacological activities.The components of katralaiyathi thylam have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which helps in treatment of people with patients who are suffering from stomatitis. CONCLUSION In addition to being helpful for future research that is required for the standardization and evaluation of Akkaram medications, this review can help siddha physicians select better pharmaceuticals for the treatment of Akkaram (stomatitis). Key words Akkaram,katralaiyathi thylam,Anti microbial, anti inflammatory

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Key words: Akkaram,katralaiyathi thylam,Anti microbial, anti inflammatory

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The centre of all marketing activities of commercial is customer satisfaction. In order to gain success commercial banks has to face the severe competition they have to consider giving significance to customer satisfaction. Of late customers demand more and more innovative products in order to satisfy their needs. The purpose of the present paper is to know how far the socio economic characteristics impacts the study on customer relationship management (CRM) and also the paper probe about the benefits and make an attempt to know customers opinion about banks. CRM is gaining importance as it is acquiring new customers. CRM involves the use of technology to organize, automatic and synchronizes sales, marketing customer service and technical support (Robert Shaw, 1999).

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Customer satisfaction, variation, innovation, productivity, privacy, relationship.

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Anemia is a widespread global health problem affecting people in both developed and developing countries with bad consequences on human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of life cycle, but is more prevalent in pregnant women and young adolescent girls. According to WHO (2019) the global prevalence of anemia was 29.6% in non- pregnant women of reproductive age and 36.5% in pregnant women. According to the National health mission, there are 253 million adolescents aged 10 to 19 in India , and 47% of them are adolescent girls. Around 200 million adolescents (45%globally) with anemia live in India and China, and youg girls are at high risk . India has a higher incidence of anemia, with six out of ten girls being anaemic. According to NFHS-4 & NFHS-5 the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls with age groups (15-19) years, in Jammu & Kashmir was 29.5% and 53.5% respectively.The necessity of this study is to assess the prevalence of anemia among the most vulnerable age group i.e adolescent girls age group who constitute a good percentage of the total anaemic population. Descriptive study was conducted on 30 adolescent girls of Governmentt Girls Higher Secondary School Nawa Kadal Srinagar using systematic random sampling technique. The time period of study was 4 weeks, data was collected using hemoglobinometer. The data was analyzed and proportions were calculated for all the variables. Chi- square test was used to find out the association between hemoglobin levels and selected demographic variables. P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of the 30 adolescent girls, 8 (26.67%) adolescent girls had normal haemoglobin level ,13 (43.33% ) had mild anaemia , 8 (26.67% ) had moderate anaemia, 1 ( 3.33% ) had severe anaemia. The result showed that 22 ( 73.33%) of adolescent girls had anaemia while 8 ( 26.67%) of adolescent had normal haemoglobin concentration. There is significant association between anaemia with variables like age , socio-economic status, religion, type of family and education of mother .

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Estimate, Hemoglobin, Adolescent girls

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When treating patients with respiratory issues and modifying oxygen therapy as necessary, measurements of blood pH as well as arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions are collected. The amount of blood oxygenation is indicated by the arterial oxygen tension (also known as partial pressure or PaCO2), whereas the effectiveness of alveolar ventilation is indicated by the arterial carbon dioxide tension (also known as partial pressure or PaCO2). ABG investigations help evaluate the kidneys' and lungs' capacities to reabsorb or excrete bicarbonate ions in order to maintain a normal body pH as well as the lungs' capacity to supply enough oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Additionally, serial ABG analysis is a sensitive marker of lung injury following chest trauma. An artery puncture at the radial, brachial, or femoral levels is used to get the ABG level.

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Arterial Blood Gas

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This collection of papers explores the evolving landscape of water resource management, with a focus on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Multiple-Use Water Services (MUS). The introduction of these concepts stems from the need to address global water crises by integrating various water uses and engaging multiple stakeholders, including local communities, researchers, and government agencies. The methodologies across the papers include comprehensive reviews of historical practices, international agreements, and the application of technological tools for climate and hydrological modeling. The findings highlight both the successes and challenges in implementing IWRM and MUS, such as the variability in progress across countries, the importance of stakeholder engagement, and the integration of local knowledge. Despite theoretical acceptance, practical implementation often faces hurdles like insufficient policies, limited resources, and the need for capacity building. The papers underscore the necessity for continuous improvement, innovative legal frameworks, and broad public participation to ensure sustainable and equitable water resource management. In conclusion, while significant strides have been made, achieving holistic and effective water management requires addressing the identified challenges, fostering international cooperation, and leveraging inclusive approaches that incorporate diverse stakeholder inputs and advanced technological solutions.

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Integrated Water Management, Multiple-Use Water services, Climate Modelling, Hydrological Modelling, Equitable Water Management

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Aphra Behn's "Oroonoko," to start with conveyed in 1688, is a seminal work in the run the show of early English composing that offers a noteworthy commentary on bondage and colonialism. This paper analyzes how Behn's delineation of these issues reflects and assesses the political and social setting of her time. By analyzing the account structure, character portrayal, and topical components of "Oroonoko," this consider focuses to reveal how Behn locks in with present day wrangles almost around colonialism and subjugation, highlighting her nuanced focuses of see and the socio-political proposals of her work. Introduction Aphra Behn, a initiating figure in early English composing, is celebrated not as it were for her commitments to the enhancement of the novel but besides for her striking engagement with cutting edge political and social issues. She was the to start with lady who earned her living by her compositions. "Oroonoko," one of her most exceptional works presents a story affluent with commentary on the issues of bondage and colonialism. This paper looks for to analyze how Behn's outline of these points reflects and ponders the political and social stream of the late 17th century. Historical Context To totally appreciate Behn's commentary in "Oroonoko," it is crucial to get it the unquestionable view of her time. The late 17th century was stamped by the basic expansion of European colonial spaces and the heightened of the transoceanic slave trade. Britain, along with other European powers, was significantly included in colonial meanders and the mishandle of oppressed individuals bunches. Behn's account rises from this setting of burgeoning colonialism and racial abuse, giving a fundamental central point through which to see these issues. Narrative and Character Analysis Behn's story in "Oroonoko" is encompassed as a first-person account, which credits it an examine of validity and instantaneousness. The saint, Oroonoko, is an African ruler who is sold out and sold into oppression. Behn's portrayal of Oroonoko as a respectable and moral character challenges winning generalizations of Africans in her time, promoting a stark assess of the dehumanizing portrayal of oppressed people. Oroonoko's regard, bits of knowledge, and resistance to his circumstance separate emphatically with the brutality routinely credited to Africans by present day European conversation. Behn's delineation invites perusers to empathize with Oroonoko and address the moral genuineness of oppression and colonial abuse. His terrible predetermination underscores the brutal reality gone up against by various oppressed individuals and highlights the moral irregularities unavoidable in the colonial enterprise.

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Keywords: Aphra Behn, Oroonoko, colonialism, slavery, political commentary, 17th-century literature, racial representation, narrative analysis, British colonialism, socio-political critique

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In an era where media consumption is rapidly evolving, understanding how university students engage with mass media provides crucial insights into contemporary media trends. This study investigates the patterns and preferences of mass media usage among postgraduate students(N=354) at two prominent Indian universities: Central University of Haryana (a central university) and Maharishi Dayanand University (a state university). The aim is to elucidate the media consumption patterns and preferences across selected universities and assess how these trends align with broader societal shifts. Employing a quantitative research approach, this study utilized an online structured questionnaire distributed to 354 postgraduate students from these two selected universities. The data collected offers a comprehensive overview of students' media habits, including their preferences for digital versus traditional media, frequency of use, and the influence of media on their academic and social lives. The findings reveal distinct patterns of media consumption between students from selected universities. Central University of Haryana students exhibited a stronger inclination towards digital media, while Maharishi Dayanand University students showed a more balanced consumption of both digital and traditional media. This study underscores the importance of considering institutional and contextual factors when analyzing media consumption patterns among university students.Future research should explore the impact of emerging media technologies and socio-cultural factors on these trends. Understanding these dynamics can inform media educators and policymakers, fostering strategies that better address the evolving media landscape and its implications for student engagement and learning.

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Media consumption, preferences, mass media, new media, traditional media

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In recent years, environmental pollution becomes severe and the stakeholders are considerably worried about the issue which paved the way for the growing concern about the implementation of environmental accounting. Environmental accounting and awareness have given more important as it is the need of the day. Green accounting popularly called environmental accounting; resource accounting or integrated economic and environmental accounting refers to accounting practices incorporating the environmental costs, impacts and consequences. It is about aggregation of data that links the environment to the financials of the company, which will obviously have a long-run impact on both economic and environmental policy of the organization.

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Environment, Green Accounting and Costs.

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