Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Citrus indica, an endangered citrus species native to north-eastern India, holds significant genetic and medicinal value, making it a vital resource for citrus breeding programs and conservation efforts. Traditional cultivation methods face challenges such as low seed viability, disease susceptibility, and habitat destruction. Micropropagation offers a promising solution for the large-scale production of disease-free and genetically uniform plants, enhancing cultivation and conservation practices for C. indica. This review explores the various micropropagation techniques employed for C. indica, including explant selection, culture media composition, and optimal environmental conditions. The stages of micropropagation, from initiation to acclimatization, are detailed, highlighting their critical role in successful plantlet establishment. Additionally, the advantages of micropropagation, such as mass production, disease-free plants, and genetic uniformity, are discussed alongside the limitations, including high initial costs, technical expertise requirements, contamination risks, and somaclonal variation. Future challenges and prospects, such as protocol optimization, genetic fidelity assessment, cryopreservation, genetic transformation, and collaborative efforts, are addressed to underline the need for continued research and innovation. By overcoming these challenges, micropropagation can significantly enhance the cultivation practices of C. indica and contribute to the conservation of this valuable species.

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 Keywords

Citrus, Micropropagation, somaclonal, cultivation, genetic

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Abstract There is many historical importance of Kachugaon during the colonial period, its importance was greatly emphasized by the British individuals, and the impact of the foreign rule left a huge trademark which can still be seen. Kachugaon has contributed in a huge margin during that era in creation of political and socio-economic status of Assam. There are still historical sites and places which proves that an event that had happened and it tells us different stories of Kachugaon and its origin of the story. The exploitative nature of Britishers can be seen through the creation of certain infrastructures and government offices in the zone of Kachugaon. Forest of Kachugaon was also put under one of the reserved areas. However, in the present, certain people still exploit its resources even though it is under protection. The conflicts and the violence over the last decades have also thrown the area into disorder. The negligence of government over those area has also led to a failure in preservation of those sites and places. Only one of those is still preserved and still in use that is the building of Forest I.B and rest are left in ruins. Therefore, an effort is made towards writing this article on "A Historical Importance of Kachugaon during colonial period".

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Kachugaon, British, Forest, Colonial, Assam, Exploit.

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One of the most basic unit operations that is crucial to pharmacy is size reduction. It aids in lowering toxicity, increasing release, strengthening stability and bioavailability, and presenting improved chances for drug formulation.

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Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Nano scale, Drug delivery, Bio nanotechnology

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The Indian sugar industry is India's second largest agricultural industry after the cotton textile industry; It plays an important role in establishing the economic process and bringing economic change to underdeveloped regions. The sugar industry accounts for 7.5% of the total rural population and provides employment to 500,000 rural people. About 450 million farmers in India are involved in rice cultivation. Sugar mills (cooperative, private and public) have played an important role in many commercial projects in India. This article attempts to examine the progress of the Indian sugar industry to understand the issues and challenges in the ongoing liberalization process. The Indian sugar industry can become a global leader if it breaks free from the cycle of sugar shortage and surplus, reduced sugar production, reduced sugar, increased production costs and increased losses. It requires effective management at all levels of operations to increase production and productivity. Attention should be paid to reducing costs and commitment in the production of products.

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Financial Performance, Indian sugar industry, Performance Indicators

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In culinary, cosmetic, hygiene, and pharmaceutical goods, the derivatives of benzoic acid like ester, Hydroxy benzene, benzaldehyde, phenyl esters are frequently employed in many areas like they show antibacterial activity, antifungal activities, are used as flavouring agents and act as antifungal preservatives. These substances are widely disseminated in the society for their use Which have a profound effect on human health as they are available in air and soil for the manufacture of chemical substances. A naturally occurring organic substance, as well as synthetically produced benzoic acid, are both available. The study focuses on its numerous biological features, including nematicidal, antiviral, antifungal, antimutagenic, antiestrogenic, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory. It has been shown that several derivatives of benzoic acid have direct effects on the haemoglobin, which can cure odema which is produced by direct use of acetic acid as well as some time also use for the treatment of sickle cell anemia. The biological activities of 4-BHA and its derivatives is thoroughly explained by the current investigation. Consequently, benzoic acid and its derivatives can have high, frequent, and prolonged human exposure.

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Hypoglycemic, Nematicidal, Antimutagenic, Antiestrogenic, Anti-inflammatory

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Abstract: In the present business scenario environmental issues are playing an important role in business. In most of the countries government is concerned about the environmental problems. In today's business environmentally sustainable development has become a key issue. Thus Green marketing is one of the strategies a firm can adopt to achieve this, Green Marketing refers to the process of selling products and /or services based on their environmental benefits. Such a product or service should be eco-friendly in itself or produced in an eco-friendly way. In today's environmentally conscious world the word "Green" has become a buzz word. Green causes are increasingly popular with public making green marketing good for public relations and sales. Green Marketing has been defined by AMA as "The study of the positive and negative aspects of marketing activities on pollution, energy depletion and non-energy resource depletion". However one of the basic assumptions of green marketing is that potential consumers would be willing to pay more for a "green" product. The present paper makes an attempt to analyse the awareness and willingness of the consumer to buy green products.

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Key words: Green Marketing, Environmental Awareness, Green Product Features, Green Promotion, Green Price, Green Purchasing Behavior.

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India's economic landscape thrives on the dynamism of its Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and individual entrepreneurs. These entities, often referred to as the "lifeblood" of the economy as they contribute significantly to job creation, innovation, and overall growth. However, their journey toward success faces a significant hurdle of limited access to formal credit. Several factors contribute to this challenge. The traditional credit landscape relies heavily on information asymmetry, where lenders struggle to accurately assess the creditworthiness of borrowers with limited or no formal credit history because of which many MSMEs and individuals, particularly those who are new to the market or are operating outside the formal economy become invisible to potential lenders. Secondly, stringent collateral requirements, which often involves physical assets like land or property, act as a barrier to entry, it effectively excludes those who lack such resources. Furthermore, high operational costs which is associated with processing small loans make them less attractive for lenders, further restricting access to affordable credit. These limitations create a vicious cycle that hinders financial inclusion and stifles the economic potential of a significant portion of the Indian population. Individuals and businesses are unable to access the financial resources they need to start, grow, and contribute effectively to the economic landscape. It is within this context that the Open Credit Enablement Network (OCEN) emerges as a beacon of hope. This is an innovative framework which is aiming to democratize the small credit market it is trying to break down the existing barriers and foster a more inclusive and accessible financial ecosystem. OCEN presents a unique opportunity to empower individuals and businesses, paving the way for economic growth and financial stability for all. This research delves into the potential of OCEN to transform the credit landscape in India. By exploring its functionalities, impact on stakeholders, and potential challenges, this study aims to shed light on how OCEN can empower individuals and businesses, ultimately contributing to a more prosperous and inclusive India.

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Block chain technology has emerged as a transformative force within the financial sector, offering unprecedented opportunities for innovation and efficiency as well as revolutionizing traditional processes and opening new avenues for innovation. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the applications, opportunities and challenges that blockchain brings to the financial landscape. The study explores how block chain is reshaping traditional financial processes, enhancing security and opening new avenues for financial inclusion. It also delves into the challenges and considerations that must be addressed for the white spread adoptions of blockchain in the financial sector. It has been predicted that the rise of blockchain technology will be the next great revolution, changing not just the size and structure of the banking and financial sector but also the nature of corporate transactions. Blockchain enables faster and more cost effective cross border payments and remittances by eliminating intermediaries and reducing processing time. Smart contracts automate lending processes, facilitating transparent and secure agreements between borrowers and lenders. Block chain technology is considered to mitigate fraud and enhanced data integrity including security and transparency. The importance of block chain technology and its contribution to data integrity in supply chain applications has also been reflected in many research works. There is a constant struggle to strike the right balance between network performance and decentralization. Improving performance often involves tradeoffs that may compromise the decentralized nature of blockchain, raising questions about the fundamental principles of the technology. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between clock chain technology and the financial sector.

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Blockchain, financial sector, opportunities, challenges, financial inclusion, innovation.

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The research into phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of compounds from natural sources has always been of great interest for scientists looking for new sources of useful drugs against infections and diseases (Silva RP,. 1998). Medicinal plants have been used in the management of microbial infections for thousands of years. Plants are natural sources for antimicrobial compounds to ward off microbial organisms competing with them in their environment (Thawabeth et al., 2019). Bacteria that can cause wound infections are Coliform bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. The presence of the microorganisms in wounds significantly slows down the wound healing process (Perescacho and Rouseffm et al., 2008). Citrus is a good source of vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids, essential oils, acridone alkaloids, minerals and Vitamin B (Madhuri et al., 2014). Sweet orange also contains fiber, bio active components and phenolic compounds. Generally, antioxidant reduce oxidative stress which is a common feature in health dysfunctions in apparent support of the suggestion by that these bioactive compounds, including the antioxidants compounds, in sweet orange juice could reduce the risk for cancers and many chronic diseases (Crowell PL 2009).

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Evaluating the Antimicrobial Properties of Citrus sinensis Extracts: Insights from a Comparative Review of Five Studies

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The present research paper has studied grape crop concentration in Sangli district. Also the area under grape crop has been discussed. Bhatia's (1965) crop concentration method is used. The present research paper is based on secondary data. For this, Socio-Economic Abstract of Sangli District 2011-12 and 2021-22, Crop statistics reports published by Agriculture Department of Sangli district has been considered. The difference in the concentration of grape crop has been seen to be affected by the Physical conditions, availability of water, as well as economic conditions of farmers, use of fertilizers, and pesticides in Sangli district. The maps in this research paper were created using Q-GIS 3.34 software.

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 Keywords

Spatio-temporal, Pattern, Crop Concentration, Area, Concentration Index.

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