Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This research article examines the intricate dynamics of victimization and the perpetuation of caste-based discrimination as portrayed in the Tamil film Pariyerum Perumal B.A.B.L. Directed by Mari Selvaraj and produced by Pa.Ranjith. This film serves as a powerful critique of the deeply entrenched value systems that shape the behaviors and attitudes of individuals, particularly in the context of caste hierarchies in India. The study argues that victimizers, those who perpetuate violence and discrimination, are themselves victims of the value systems they have internalized over generations. These values, often seen as ethical by the individuals who hold them, are, in fact, responsible for creating and sustaining societal divisions. The article explores how Pariyerum Perumal B.A.B.L. illustrates the brutal realities faced by Dalits and highlights the psychological and emotional toll of systemic oppression. The protagonist, Pariyan, a Dalit law student, endures numerous humiliations and violent acts, which are emblematic of the broader societal challenges faced by marginalized communities. The film's narrative exposes the moral and ethical contradictions of those in power, revealing how their actions are driven by a distorted sense of superiority and entitlement. Through this cinematic lens, the article sheds light on the necessity of challenging and reevaluating these destructive value systems to foster a more equitable and humane society. The film's portrayal of the victim-victimizer relationship serves as a call to address the underlying causes of discrimination and to promote values that uphold human dignity.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Caste Discrimination, Victimization, Value Systems, Ethical Relativity, Oppression, Systemic Injustice.

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Condition monitoring of gearboxes is a critical aspect of predictive maintenance that ensures the reliability and efficiency of mechanical systems across various industries. This review comprehensively analyses the most widely used condition monitoring techniques for gearboxes, focusing on vibration analysis, lubrication oil analysis, acoustic emission analysis, sound analysis, and thermography. Each method is evaluated based on its principles, advantages, and limitations. Special attention is given to lubrication oil analysis due to its significance in preventing gear failure through timely detection of wear particles and contaminants. The paper also discusses the integration of advanced sensor technologies and the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in enhancing condition monitoring systems' accuracy and predictive capabilities. The comparative analysis highlights the suitability of different techniques for various industrial applications, emphasizing the need for a multi-faceted approach to gearbox health monitoring. Future trends in the field, such as the development of smart sensors and real-time monitoring systems, are explored, offering insights into the potential advancements that could further improve maintenance strategies. This review aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of mechanical engineering, offering a foundation for future research and development in condition monitoring technologies. Condition monitoring of gearboxes is a critical aspect of predictive maintenance that ensures the reliability and efficiency of mechanical systems across various industries. This review comprehensively analyses the most widely used condition monitoring techniques for gearboxes, focusing on vibration analysis, lubrication oil analysis, acoustic emission analysis, sound analysis, and thermography. Each method is evaluated based on its principles, advantages, and limitations. Special attention is given to lubrication oil analysis due to its significance in preventing gear failure through timely detection of wear particles and contaminants. The paper also discusses the integration of advanced sensor technologies and the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in enhancing condition monitoring systems' accuracy and predictive capabilities. The comparative analysis highlights the suitability of different techniques for various industrial applications, emphasizing the need for a multi-faceted approach to gearbox health monitoring. Future trends in the field, such as the development of smart sensors and real-time monitoring systems, are explored, offering insights into the potential advancements that could further improve maintenance strategies. This review aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of mechanical engineering, offering a foundation for future research and development in condition monitoring technologies.

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 Keywords

Condition Monitoring, Lubrication Oil Analysis, Vibration Analysis, Gearbox Fault Detection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This abstract explores the pivotal role of media in the conservation of historical monuments. It delves into how various media platforms, including documentaries, articles, and news coverage, contribute to raising awareness about the cultural significance of these landmarks. The abstract emphasizes the media's ability to advocate for preservation efforts and highlights the impact of social media in mobilizing community support for conservation initiatives. Ultimately, it underscores the crucial role media plays in safeguarding historical monuments for the benefit of future generations.

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media, conservation, historical monuments, awareness, cultural significance, preservation efforts, social media, community involvement, heritage, advocacy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The formulation and evaluation of a skeletal muscle relaxant topical gel aim to provide localized relief from muscle spasms and pain while minimizing systemic side effects. This study focuses on the development of a gel containing a selected muscle relaxant, which is optimized for skin permeability and therapeutic efficacy. Various gelling agents, such as carbopol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), were employed to achieve the desired viscosity and stability. The gel's physicochemical properties, including pH, viscosity, and spreadability, were systematically evaluated. In vitro drug release studies were conducted using Franz diffusion cells to assess the permeation of the active ingredient through synthetic membranes. Additionally, stability testing was performed under different storage conditions to ensure product integrity over time. The formulation demonstrated promising results in terms of drug release kinetics and skin compatibility. Efficacy was further validated through in vivo studies, showcasing significant muscle relaxation effects in animal models. This topical gel represents a novel approach to managing musculoskeletal discomfort, offering a targeted and effective alternative to traditional oral medications.

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Topical, Drug, Gel, Properties

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Biosorption process is a promising technology for the removal of heavy metals as it is fast, powerful and low cost, it takes place in a wide range of temperature as well as it can be used for almost all types of heavy metals. In this study, samples were collected from selected freshwater bodies of Kanyakumari district and subjected to biosorption efficacy evaluation using Sargassum wightii (Greville ex. J. Agardh). The present investigation showed biosorption of Cu and Zn by S. wightii in a batch system. Heavy metal analysis of water samples showed maximum values of Cu, Fe, and Zn in site IIwater compared to site I. Influence of contact time and concentration of adsorbate on the removal of heavy metals from selected water samples were also evaluated. Maximum heavy metal removal from the water samples from site I and site II were seen for Cu (28.57%), Zn (95.45%) and Cu (94.15%), Zn (95.74%) at 60 minutes of contact time with the macroalgae biomass. The highest percentage of heavy metal removal for Cu (42.85%), Zn (95.90%), and Cu (82.45%), Zn (97.44%), from site I and site II water samples respectively. The algal biomass of 3g/L was found to be best for removal of heavy metals from in site I water sample and 4g/L in site II water sample. The current investigation has shown that brown algae S. wightii could be efficiently used for the bioremediation of Cu and Zn heavy metal polluted fresh water bodies.

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Biosorption, Copper, Heavy metal, Sargassum wightii, Zinc

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Hydrosphere constitutes all type of water likewise oceans, seas, rivers, streams and glaciers etc. The findings of this laboratory work to confirm ground water quality by help of water quality parameters and proposed experimental area is District-Sidhi. It is a method of check water quality is an effective tool to assess spatial and temporal changes in ground water quality. Five (5) groundwater samples were collected from open areas during the Monsoon and Post Monsoon season in the year 2020-2022. Experiment was done by considering the 5 groundwater samples collected to comprehensive physical and chemical analysis using standard parameters of experiment. Data obtained from the experiment, the water quality index was carried out by adopting the method. Water quality index rating was carried out to quantify overall ground water quality status of the area. For calculation of index the following parameters have been considered such as temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, DO, BOD, COD, Nitrates, Ammonia, Phosphate, Sulphates, Chlorides, total alkalinity, Calcium hardness, Magnesium hardness, total hardness, Fluorides, Iron and Coliform colonies. It may be due to more seepage and movement of ground water during postmonsoon.

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Hydrosphere, turbidity, parameters, physio-chemical and evapotranspiration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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The landscape of biomedical engineering is rapidly evolving, with technological advancements propelling the field into new frontiers of medical science. The rapid advancements in engineering have profoundly impacted the biomedical field, leading to innovative solutions that enhance healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. This manuscript aims to inspect the latest engineering innovations in biomedical applications, focusing on cutting-edge technologies and their transformative effects. Key areas of exploration include the development of advanced medical devices, biocompatible materials, tissue engineering, and biomedical imaging techniques. The study highlights the integration of nanotechnology, 3D printing, and artificial intelligence in creating sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic tools. It also addresses the challenges and ethical considerations inherent in these advancements, such as regulatory hurdles, cost implications, and ensuring patient safety. By analyzing recent breakthroughs and case studies, this manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future potential of engineering innovations in biomedical applications, offering insights into how these technologies can revolutionize medical practice and improve patient care.

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Biomedical, medical devices, biocompatible materials, tissue engineering and biomedical imaging techniques.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Geography Of E-commerce: Opportunities And Challenges

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Geography Of E-commerce: Opportunities And Challenges

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This system is developed to enhance the password securities for the users. In current system many of the user's data is affected because of unauthentication. Nowadays third party is easily attacking the important contents. The main aim of this system is to provide more password authentication. The users often create memorable password that are easy for attackers to guess, but strong system assigned password are difficult for users to remember. So it provides other easy and secure alternative methods. The three level password authentication schemes, which is a multi factor authentication scheme. The three different levels are used in authentication schemes are id authentication, image clicking and the one time password (OTP). In this system a password consists of sequence of some images in which user can select one click-point per a specific region of an image. In addition user receives a OTP through Email in order to verify himself to the system. The OTP is generated using random algorithm by which it is make unique for each and every time the user requests for logins. If the user chooses the correct click a point on each region of set of images chosen and has to verify the OTP sent to him in order to access his Information. System showed very good Performance in terms of speed, accuracy, and ease of use.

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 Keywords

captcha ,authentication ,random generation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition