Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis is a silent, progressive bone disease characterized by low bone mass and increased fragility, predominantly affecting postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency. In India, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas like District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, the prevalence of osteoporosis is high, yet awareness remains critically low. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on improving knowledge and preventive practices regarding osteoporosis among postmenopausal women in a selected area of District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. Methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 60 postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years were selected using purposive sampling. A structured knowledge questionnaire and a preventive practice checklist were administered before and after the intervention. The structured teaching program included educational sessions using lectures and visual aids. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In the pretest, 33.3% of women had inadequate knowledge and only 6.6% had adequate knowledge. Post-intervention, 61.6% demonstrated adequate knowledge. The mean knowledge score increased from 13.12 to 21.58. Similarly, preventive practices improved significantly, with adequate practice levels rising from 6.7% to 48.3%. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusion: The structured teaching program was effective in significantly improving knowledge and preventive practices regarding osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. Such interventions should be integrated into community health strategies, particularly in underserved rural regions, to reduce the burden of osteoporosis-related complications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Women, Knowledge, Preventive Practices, Structured Teaching Program, Health Education, Kangra District

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract- Pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) stricture is a condition characterized by a functional or anatomical obstruction at the junction of the renal pelvis and ureter, leading to hydronephrosis and impaired drainage of urine. It can be congenital or acquired and is commonly diagnosed in children or young adults.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

pelviureteric junction, Stricture, Pelviuretric junction obstruction

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The evolution of wireless communication from 3G to 5G has transformed the global digital landscape, yet growing demands for ultra-fast connectivity, massive device integration, and enhanced security are driving the vision of sixth-generation (6G) networks. 6G is expected to deliver unprecedented data rates up to terabits per second, sub-millisecond latency, and AI-enabled network management, enabling transformative applications across diverse IT domains. This paper explores the technological enablers of 6G, including terahertz communication, artificial intelligence, quantum security, and blockchain integration.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

6G Networks, Terahertz Communication, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Ultra-Low Latency, Quantum Security, Smart Cities, Extended Reality (XR), Blockchain Integration, Future IT Applications

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) is a hepatobiliary disorder occurring typically in the late second and third trimesters. It is characterized by pruritus, elevated serum bile acids, and abnormal liver function tests, with potential risks such as preterm birth and fetal demise Prevalence: 0.2 - 2% of Pregnancies. It poses significant maternal discomfort and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes such as Preterm Birth, Fetal Distress, and Sudden Intrauterine Fetal Demise. The exact etiology is Multifactorial, involving Genetic predisposition, Hormonal Influences, and Environmental factors. From an Ayurvedic standpoint, ICP closely correlates with Pittaja Vyadhi, Yakrut Vikara of Garbhini particularly involving Kamala (jaundice) and Pittaja Kandu (itching), resulting from Pitta Dushti and obstruction of Raktavaha and Pittavaha Srotas. The condition is primarily driven by Agni Mandya and Ama formation, which further exacerbate the accumulation of morbid Pitta in the Yakrita (liver). Ayurvedic management emphasizes Pitta Shamana (pacification of Pitta), Rakta Shodhana (blood purification), and Yakrit Uttejaka (liver stimulation). Dietary modifications focusing on Madhura, Sheeta, and Snigdha qualities, alongside lifestyle practices that reduce heat exposure and mental stress, are crucial to balance Pitta and ensure maternal well-being. Pre-Conceptional administration of Shodhana, Rasayana and adherence to appropriate Pathya may help in preventing the occurrence of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP).

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: ICP, Garbhini Kamala, Garbhini Paricharya

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sri Aurobindo's Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol transcends conventional literary genres by combining elements of epic narrative, spiritual philosophy, and metaphysical inquiry. Central to its power is the portrayal of Savitri not merely as a mythic heroine, but as a conscious embodiment of divine Shakti, a luminous force who rewrites the destiny of man through spiritual mastery rather than emotional devotion alone. This paper explores the inner quest of Savitri from a feminine lens, viewing her confrontation with Death as a journey of transformative resistance rather than romantic perseverance. In doing so, Sri Aurobindo redefines womanhood, not as a passive receptacle but as an active redeemer and spiritual equal. By engaging with ancient symbolism, yogic philosophy, and poetic revelation, this paper positions Savitri as a foundational text of spiritual feminism with global contemporary resonance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Feminine Consciousness, Shakti, Spiritual Feminism, Yogic Evolution, Metaphysical.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Targeted medication delivery remains a major challenge in pharmaceutical sciences. Made of solid biodegradable lipids, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) are a potential colloidal carrier system that combines the advantages of polymeric nanoparticles, emulsions, and liposomes while minimizing their disadvantages. SLNs enhance bioavailability, protect labile drugs from degradation, and enable controlled, site-specific administration. This page discusses many preparation methods, including solvent-based processes, high shear homogenization, ultrasonication, microemulsion dilution, and supercritical fluid techniques. Characterization methods such particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry are highlighted. SLNs are still a developing and important technology in modern drug delivery systems, and they show versatility in a range of administration methods, including parenteral, nasal, pulmonary, ophthalmic, rectal, and topical. Despite some limitations, such as poor drug loading, sophisticated systems like Lipid Drug Conjugates (LDCs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) provide useful solutions in addition to their growing uses in gene delivery and cancer treatment.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), Drug Delivery Systems, Nanotechnology, Controlled Release.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Due to increasing crisis of drug resistant microorganisms, it is required to explore natural sources for developing new drugs.Tribal community used crude form of plant parts to cure disease. The primary motto of this research is to explore the ethanomedicinal plants of shrimadhopur tehshil of Sikar district. Important ingredients of these ethanomedicinal plants can be studied further to design new drugs against drug resistant microorganisms. In present research total 20 ethanomedicinal plants belonging to 13 families are mentioned from the tehshil shrimadhopur.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Microorganisms,Tribal community Ethanomedicinal plants.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Survival of human beings on the earth depends on existence of clean and healthy environment. Today the conservation of environment and prevention of environmental degradation are crucial challenges before the human beings. But man's struggle towards a better life and higher standard of living demanded higher consumption of natural resources. This has resulted in environmental degradation. Environmental problems are not the problems of developing countries like India, But it is concerned with the whole globe. The issue of environmental problems and environmental education have been widely discussed in last three decades all over the world at several national and international workshop, seminars and conferences. People started realizing the urgent need of environmental need of environmental need of education which will help individuals and social groups to acquire awareness, develop attitudes, skills and abilities and participate in solving real life problems. Recognizing the need and importance of environmental education in India, recently several efforts have been made to reorient and reorganize school education and establish environmental education more formally. School textbooks, in all subjects and at all levels, have been revised to integrate environmental concepts. The effects of these curricular revisions will not be sustained unless they are coupled with appropriate changes in teacher education curriculum. Efforts have been made to develop curriculum and other support materials for introducing environmental education at all levels of teacher education in the country .Incorporating environmental education in teacher education involves deliberating several issues relating to content, learning and teaching methodologies, materials development and capacity building requirements for its effective implementation. National Council Of Teacher Education has also included a course related to environmental issues in its teacher education curriculum framework in order to make future teachers more aware as well as concerned about their natural environment.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Environmental Education, Environmental Problem, Teacher Education

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction: This article paper wants to learn about these preferences to help libraries make better choices about their collections and how they provide services. Objectives of study: this article paper aims is to provide insights for libraries to optimize their e-book collections and user services, ensuring a positive and effective user experience. Data collection: This article paper investigates user preferences for e-books within academic library collections, acknowledging the increasing integration of digital resources alongside traditional print materials. Data analysis: This article paper explores factors influencing these preferences, including the perceived convenience, accessibility, and limitations of e-books compared to print. Conclusion: This article helps improve the overall experience for users and makes it easier for them to find the information they need. Keywords: E-Books, Library Collections, Digital Resources, Academic Libraries, Print Books

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: E-Books, Library Collections, Digital Resources, Academic Libraries, Print Books

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Renewable energies are, as we all know, regarded as clean. So credible alternative energy source that reduces CO2, it thus includes renewable energy sources such as wind power Solar, tidal, biomass, and geothermal are all non-hazardous energy sources. The mechanical stress from vehicular movement can be captured by piezoelectric material or cause relative movement in the electromagnetic generator. Keywords-- PZT material, MEMS, ASC, Numerous researchers.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

PZT material, MEMS, ASC, Numerous researchers.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition