Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Abstract This article critically examines V.S. Naipaul's India trilogy An Area of Darkness, India: A Wounded Civilization, and India: A Million Mutinies Now as exemplary postcolonial travel writing that navigates diasporic consciousness and identity formation. It argues that Naipaul's positionality as a Trinidadian of Indian descent educated in Britain situates him as both insider and outsider, allowing him to produce a complex critique of India's colonial legacies, cultural hybridity, and social transformation. Through close reading and intertextual analysis, this article demonstrates how Naipaul's ambivalence functions methodologically, revealing the tensions between longing, critique, and recognition of pluralism in postcolonial India.

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Keywords: V.S. Naipaul, Postcolonial Travel Writing, Diaspora, India Trilogy, Cultural Hybridity, National Identity, Colonial Legacy

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An object detection processor based on a binarized neural network (BNN) architecture is developed to enable efficient deployment on resource-constrained FPGA platforms. Traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs), while highly effective for visual recognition tasks, impose significant demands on computational resources and memory bandwidth, present challenges for embedded applications. To address these limitations, the proposed system leverages binary operations, on-chip memory usage, and an optimized neural architecture to minimize complexity and power consumption. The design achieves accurate object detection performance within the limitations of FPGA hardware, highlighting its potential for efficient inference in real-time environments. Its modularity and scalability allow for adaptation across a wide range of embedded vision scenarios, particularly in domains requiring low latency and high energy efficiency. The proposed approach demonstrates the feasibility of integrating deep learning models into compact, resource-effective hardware systems, offering a promising direction for future applications in areas such as IoT monitoring, smart sensors, and mobile robotics.

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Object Detection, FPGA, Binarized Neural Network, Embedded Vision, Resource Optimization, Low-Power Design, IoT, Robotics, Hardware Acceleration.

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The domain of medical image processing focuses on the early detection of lung cancer using advanced image processing techniques. Currently, lung cancer diagnosis primarily depends on manual analysis of chest X-rays or CT scans by radiologists. While experienced professionals can identify abnormalities, the process is time-consuming, prone to human error, and often limited by subtle signs that are difficult to interpret in early stages. Existing computer-aided detection systems are available, but many suffer from low accuracy, high false-positive rates, and limited generalization to diverse datasets. The system is designed to process standard datasets of lung images, performing key steps such as image preprocessing to enhance quality, feature extraction to identify relevant patterns, and classification to accurately distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous images. The dual-phase approach consists of a training phase, where the CNN model learns from labeled data, and a testing phase, where the model is validated with unseen images to measure its performance. The application of CNNs allows the model to learn complex features that are difficult to capture through traditional handcrafted techniques, leading to improved accuracy and reduced false positives. Overall, integrating advanced image processing techniques with machine learning models such as CNN offers promising improvements in lung cancer diagnosis. This approach not only accelerates the diagnostic workflow but also supports healthcare professionals by providing consistent and reliable analysis of medical images. The proposed system has the potential to improve patient outcomes by facilitating timely detection and treatment, ultimately contributing to more effective management of lung cancer on a broader scale.

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Lung Cancer Detection, CT Imaging, Image Processing, CNN, Medical Diagnosis

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Complete edentulism remains a significant public health concern worldwide, posing adverse functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial consequences. Its prevalence, however, exhibits striking variability across different populations, influenced by a multitude of sociodemographic determinants such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, geographical location, and systemic health conditions. This review looks into how being fully edentulous is connected with different social and demographic factors. It brings together global data to show how these relationships can shape real-world dental care and influence public health efforts. An understanding of these associations is essential for the formulation of targeted preventive strategies and equitable prosthodontic care delivery.

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Complete edentulism, Sociodemographic variables, Epidemiology, Prevalence

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Potentization is a hallmark process in homoeopathy involving serial dilution and succussion, believed to enhance the dynamic properties of medicinal substances. Scientific validation of this principle has long been debated. Recent advancements in nanotechnology provide promising evidence for the presence of nanoparticles in ultra-diluted homoeopathic preparations. This review explores how nanoscience offers a mechanistic explanation for potentization, bridging traditional homoeopathic philosophy and modern experimental research. The findings suggest potential avenues for quality control, pharmaceutical innovation, and educational reform in homoeopathic pharmacy.

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Homoeopathy; Potentization; Nanoparticles; Ultra-dilution; Nanotechnology; Drug dynamization

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Abstract: Introduction: Social media has a big effect on how students in Dharwad district learn and use the English language. It gives them chances to practice their language skills and see different ways people communicate. However, it also brings some problems, like grammar mistakes, difficulty with new words, and the risk of developing poor communication habits. Both teachers and students need to understand how social media influences language learning in many ways. They should use the good parts of social media while being careful to avoid the bad effects. This discussion will look at both the positive and negative influences of social media on language learning, communication styles, and overall English language ability among students in Dharwad district. Review of literature: Wang et al., (2011) found that using social media too much can lead to feelings of being alone and less face-to-face time, which might lower learners' motivation and how well they learn overall. Objective of a study: The aim of this study is to examine how social media affects the English language skills and fluency of language learners in the Dharwad district. This research paper looks at both the good and bad ways social media can influence different language abilities and the general interest people have in learning English. Research methodology: Using a mix of different research methods, including both asking questions and gathering numerical data, is best for understanding how social media affects English as a second language learner. This approach helps fully understand the complex ways social media influences language learning, by looking at both measurable improvements in language skills and personal stories and opinions from students. Data analysis and interpretation: This article paper discusses the relationship between social media and the English language. It covers the impacts of multimedia resources, how they affect collaborative learning, their influence on motivational engagement, the effects of distraction and time consumption, and the limitations of face-to-face interaction in Dharwad District. Conclusion: In conclusion, social media is a vital resource for English language learning, but its effects are nuanced. Keyword: Social Media's, Impact on English Language, Students, Dharwad District

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Keyword: Social Media's, Impact on English Language, Students, Dharwad District

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Abstract The quick rise in digital interactions and online transactions has made it easier for online fraud schemes to flourish, leading to large financial losses and compromised personal information. The purpose of this study is to investigate how internet fraud methods, such as phishing, identity theft, and social engineering attempts, are changing. To investigate the strategies, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) utilised by online fraudsters, a mixed-methods approach comprising surveys and a Questionnaire will be utilised. Data was collected from a sample of 295 respondents, selected through random sampling to ensure diversity in age, education, and digital exposure. Furthermore, this study will examine the efficacy of current preventative measures such as digital literacy initiatives, anti-phishing software, and two-factor authentication. This paper aims to show internet awareness and literacy rate among users. It's also covered effective preventive strategies related to online fraud. The results of the study also help to create a thorough framework for stopping online fraud, offering guidance to legislators, law enforcement, and anybody else looking to safeguard themselves against online fraud.

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Key Words: Cyber Fraud, Internet Literacy, Digital Security and Prevention Strategies.

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The whole of Whitman's Leaves of Grass resonates with 'I' and 'myself'. This obviously led the readers and critics to read and interpret the text in the light of the poet's biographical details. The repeated assertion of his American identity in the poem led them further to the analysis of his personal experiences as a citizen of America. From a certain individual to a national character; the poet was time and again analyzed in these two formats. The present study intends to go further from this to Whitman's self as an expression of a universal individual that is all inclusive, a cosmic one. The obvious egoism dominating his poems is just a shell. Once this shell is cracked, the universal being starts germinating and expands in all directions to 'contain multitudes'. Whitman, the individual and Whitman, the American-- is the one that is in common with every individual of every time and every nation.

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Americanism, egoistic, universal brotherhood, collective consciousness, unifying principle

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Women Leadership, Panchayati Raj Institutions, Socio-Economic Empowerment, Patriarchal Interference and Local Governance in India

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The political empowerment of women remains a cornerstone of democratic governance and gender equity. Despite constitutional guarantees and global commitments, women in Assam continue to face significant barriers to meaningful political representation. This paper examines the emerging trends in women's participation in Assam's state politics, with a focus on Legislative Assembly elections from 2001 to 2021. Through a comparative and data-driven analysis of electoral outcomes, the study reveals persistent underrepresentation, disparities in party nominations, and the widening gender gap in elected positions. While there has been some growth in the number of women contesting elections, it has not translated into a proportional increase in legislative seats. The research further explores socio-political challenges, such as patriarchal norms, lack of institutional support, and limited access to resources, that hinder women's political advancement. The findings underscore the urgent need for structural reforms, targeted policy interventions, and gender-sensitive political practices to foster a more inclusive and representative democracy in Assam

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Political Empowerment, Representation, Legislative Assembly Election, Women in Politics, MLA

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