Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), critically impairs the immune system by reducing CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and progression to AIDS. The rising global prevalence of HIV/AIDS presents a significant health challenge. Conventional treatments, while effective, are often prohibitively expensive, particularly in developing countries. As a result, many patients are turning to herbal medicines as viable alternatives, both as primary treatments and in combination with conventional therapies. Herbal remedies such as Kalmegh, Betel Nut, Turmeric, and Clove show promise due to their potential to enhance immune function, offer antioxidant benefits, and exhibit anti-retroviral activity. These plants contain bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, which may disrupt HIV at various stages of its lifecycle. Despite their widespread use, concerns remain regarding the safety and efficacy of some herbal treatments. A review of clinical trials from 1995 to 2013 underscores the potential of these herbal medicines in supporting immune health in HIV/AIDS management. However, further comprehensive research is necessary to fully establish their safety and effectiveness as reliable treatments for HIV/AIDS.

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AIDS, HIV, Immune system, CD4+T-helper cells, syndrome, Herbal medicines.

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Introduction - Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery is a widely performed procedure aimed at improving blood flow to the heart in patients with severe coronary artery disease. While the surgery is often successful in alleviating symptoms and reducing the risk of heart attacks, patients frequently face significant post-operative challenges. These challenges include reduced lung volumes, decreased oxygenation, and other pulmonary complications that can hinder recovery and prolong hospital stays. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation is a critical component of post-operative care, designed to enhance recovery, improve functional capacity, and promote overall well-being. This study investigates the effectiveness of combining standard cardiopulmonary rehabilitation with group training and biofeedback in improving recovery outcomes for post-CABG middle-aged male patients. Objectives - The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of group training combined with biofeedback on functional exercise capacity, as measured by the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), in post-CABG patients. Secondary objectives include assessing the effects of the combined intervention on VO2 Max, heart rate, dyspnea scores, pain levels, and health-related quality of life. Additionally, the study aims to compare the outcomes between patients receiving standard cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and those receiving additional group training. Methods - This quasi-experimental study was conducted in hospitals located in Greater Noida. The study involved 60 middle-aged male patients who had undergone CABG surgery. Participants were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group 1 received standard cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, while Group 2 received cardiopulmonary rehabilitation with additional group training. The intervention lasted for 2 weeks, with sessions held three times a week. Each session included warm-up exercises, aerobic exercises, resistance training, breathing exercises, and educational sessions. Group 2 also participated in group activities and biofeedback sessions. Results- Both groups showed significant improvements in functional exercise capacity, as measured by the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Group 2 exhibited a greater increase in the distance walked compared to Group 1, indicating the added benefit of group training. Cardiovascular fitness, assessed through VO2 Max, improved in both groups, although the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Pain levels, measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), decreased significantly in both groups post-intervention, with no significant difference between the groups. Dyspnea scores were significantly reduced in both groups, with Group 2 experiencing greater improvements. The SF-36 Health Survey scores, which assess health-related quality of life, improved significantly in both groups, with Group 2 showing a more substantial increase. The duration of hospital stay did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion - The study demonstrates that adding group training to standard cardiopulmonary rehabilitation significantly enhances functional exercise capacity, reduces dyspnea, and improves the quality of life in post-CABG middle-aged male patients. While both rehabilitation methods effectively improve cardiovascular fitness and manage pain, group training offers additional benefits through social support and motivation, leading to superior outcomes in specific areas. These findings underscore the value of incorporating group-based interventions and biofeedback into rehabilitation programs for cardiac patients, promoting holistic recovery and improved long-term health outcomes. Keywords- CABG, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, group training, biofeedback, functional exercise capacity, VO2 Max, dyspnea, pain management, quality of life.

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CABG, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, group training, biofeedback, functional exercise capacity, VO2 Max, dyspnea, pain management, quality of life.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops of India and is a major source of calories for about 60 per cent of world population and influences the livelihoods and economies of several billion people especially concentrated in Asia. About 53% of the world's rice is grown under irrigated conditions that provide 75% of total global production. The excessive and indiscriminate usage of chemical fungicides and bactericides, to control plant diseases has led to severe environmental problems along with the problem of resistance developed among the pathogens. Presently, under the concept of integrated pest management (IPM), all possible plant pest and disease control methods are integrated to minimize the excessive use of synthetic chemicals and also the incidence of disease. The potential of various essential oils against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi is being actively investigated in various laboratories across the world. However, studies on antimicrobial activity of essential oils against plant pathogens and their ability to control plant diseases are scanty. The objective of the present study is to check efficacy of new essential oil compounds and inhibitory effect of the growth of bacterial leaf blight pathogen under field condition.

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A REVIEW ON THE STUDIES ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS

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Abstract: This paper is a study of the societal structures, class, profession and condition of people in marginalised Indian culture of which Gunadhya's Brihatkatha, later translated into Sanskrit as Kathasaritsagar by Somadeva features large. Although, the Mahabharata, Ramayana and the Brihatkatha had an equal status when it was written, and spread around the world, in later years, being accorded religious status and godly protagonists, the former two became established as main narratives of Indian culture whereas owing to 'lowly' and multifaceted, multivalent narratives, the Brihatkatha got sidelined from mainstream Indian literature. This paper attempts to look into the commoners and their livelihood as depicted and portrayed in the Brihatkatha, although the available translation is of Kathsaritsagar. This study enables the commoners' story of the early medieval Indian era to be told.

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Kathasaritsagar, Brihatkatha, Indian culture, marginalised, commoner, society in pre medieval era.

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Adjustment will feel calmer during academic and can achieve many results; while students who have poor academic adjustment will have difficulty achieving results because they always compare with other people, so they always feel that they have not achieved good results in their academics'. School children the better adjustment leads to better performance in their studies especially the pubescent period is a critical stage. Residential schools are imparting education to adolescent students. Investigator interested to find out the difference in adjustment and relation between the academics in residential schools, Hence, study was carried out. For the study, 100 residential students of Telangana State had chosen through Random Sampling Technique. The 'Adjustment Inventory' developed by Dr. A.K.P. Sinha and Dr.R.P. Singh was administered to. The study is a descriptive survey in nature; statistical techniques like Mean, standard deviation and t test were employed to analyze the data. Results revealed students better adjusted had good results in academics. And positive relation between the adjustment and their academics but one notable result is both the school students significant differ in Emotional and educational adjustment but they are not same in social adjustment.

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Academic adjustment, residential schools, Secondary School Students, Emotional Adjustment, and Academic Achievement.

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Education has a very important role to play when it comes to the overall development of various demographic and socio-economic indicators, and as such higher literacy rate is said to have a strong effect on such indicators of development. Female literacy rate in India have risen from 29.8 percent in 1981 to 65.5 percent in 2011(Census, 2011). This study attempts to analyze the relation between female literacy and antenatal care across various states in India. Health care services during pregnancy and childbirth and after delivery are important for the survival and well-being of both the mother and the infant. Antenatal care (ANC) can reduce the health risks for mothers and their babies by monitoring pregnancies and screening for complications. The proportion of women age 15-49 in India who received Antenatal Care (ANC) has risen from 77 percent in NFHS-3 (2005-06) to 84 percent in NFHS-4 (2015-16). However, it is observed that this rise in ANC is more concentrated in those states which have a higher literacy rate among women. The states which have higher female literacy rates such as Kerala (92 %), Mizoram (89.4%), Lakshadweep (88.2%), Tripura (83.1%), Goa (81.8%) etc have a higher ranking when it comes to the antenatal care taken by their women. Percentage of women who received different types of antenatal care (ANC) during the pregnancy is lower when it comes to states with lower female literacy rate like Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh etc. Percentage of women who had four or more ANC visits during pregnancy was only 14.4 percent in Bihar, 30.3 percent in Jharkhand and 26.4 percent in Uttar Pradesh. Also, the mother's educational status is highly correlated with skilled delivery and postnatal care.

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Education in India, Female literacy, Antenatal care, World Health Organization (WHO), Infant Mortality Rate

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Mood lighting is one of the key features in vehicle which gives premium feel to the Customer. It is also one of the main USP Features for the OEM's. Mood lighting works with a Light strip/Guide with LED. This system faces disadvantage mainly for vehicle packaging issue with the Interior elements. Existing mood light systems does not offer display of fluidic and geometric patterns. Hence, providing limited emotional connectivity with the occupants. Smart Fabrics are developed to provide the customer of choosing geometric & fluidic patterns which further will give emotional connectivity with the Vehicle interior Lightings. Smart Fabric (Fabric lighting advancement) uses Polymer optical fiber (POF) fabric where bunch of polymer optical fiber are connected with concealed packaging of RGB LED Light source. Based on lighting requirement single or multiple units can be utilized. This unique experience can be provided in all vehicle interior parts (Door Trims, Headliner, Console, Seats). This concept results in improving aesthetics of Vehicle Interior & also no vehicle packaging issue to accommodate. Lightings can be controlled by telematics (mobile app) & infotainment system (like mood lighting). This provides exceptional user experience for the customers. Major advantage of smart fabrics is that we do not need any major tooling changes to implement in existing interior parts.

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Smart fabrics, Polymer optical fiber (POF), Mood lighting, Light guide, RGB module, Vehicle interior lightings, Geometric pattern on fabrics

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This study investigates the dynamic behavior and stability of proteins and protein-ligand complexes through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the Desmond Molecular Dynamics system and the OPLS 2005 all-atom force field. The simulations aimed to explore the conformational changes, fluctuations, and overall stability of proteins in both their unbound forms and when complexed with ligands over a 10-nanosecond period. To assess the binding affinity and energetics of the protein-ligand complexes, the Prime/MM-GBSA method was employed, which calculates the binding free energies (?G binding) by considering various energy components, including the energy of the complex, solvation energy difference, and surface area energy difference. The study utilized the OPLS-AA force field and the GB/SA continuum solvent model to estimate the binding free energies, providing insights into the stability and strength of the receptor-ligand interactions, which are crucial for identifying potential drug candidates and optimizing ligands for enhanced binding affinity.

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Molecular dynamics simulations in docking metal binding site and free energy calculation Pardhasarathi M1 and J. Naveena Lavanya Latha*

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Social engineering attacks have become a significant danger in the field of cyber security because they take use of flaws in human psychology rather than technical ones to compromise security systems. These attacks frequently get past even the most robust technical defenses by preying on trust, controlling behavior, and manipulating attitudes. The goal of this research is to provide more potent detection and prevention techniques to counteract the several types of social engineering, such as quid pro quo, tailgating, phishing, and pretexting. Through the integration of sophisticated machine learning algorithms with psychological insights, the research offers novel ways that not only identify potential attacks but also develop defenses against them. The findings demonstrate how user education, behavior analytics, and real-time monitoring work together to significantly reduce the success rate of social engineering attacks and enhance cyber security in general.

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Social Engineering, Cyber security, Prevention Strategies, Phishing, Information Security.

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Chronic venous ulcers, characterised by their recalcitrant nature and significant impact on patients' quality of life, pose a substantial challenge in healthcare. Despite advancements in wound care, conventional treatments often yield suboptimal outcomes. This case report presents the successful management of a chronic venous ulcer in a 52-year-old female through a comprehensive Ayurvedic intervention. The patient exhibited a six-month history of a non-healing ulcer on the lateral aspect of the right ankle, which was unresponsive to prior conventional care. An integrated approach, encompassing local wound care, systemic therapies, and blood-letting, led to complete wound closure within eight weeks. The case highlights the potential of Ayurveda in addressing the complex pathophysiology of chronic venous ulcers, necessitating further research to validate these findings and explore their broader applicability.

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Siravyadham, Triphala Kashaya, Wound healing, Chronic venous ulcer.

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