Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The 'Introduction' explains that global warming is the most important science issue of the 21st century, challenging the very structure of our global society. The problem is that global warming is not just a scientific concern, but encompasses economics, sociology, geopolitics, local politics, and individuals' choice of lifestyle. Global warming is caused by the massive increase of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere, resulting from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Global warming is considered one of the greatest challenges worldwide. International environmental agreements have been developed in response to climate change since the 1970s. The construction industry is considered to be one of the main contributors to global warming. According to the Inter governmental Panel on Climate Change not only is the construction industry responsible for about 40% of global energy consumption, it is also responsible for 30% of global green house gas emissions per annum. Furthermore, it is common for most countries to construct high-rise buildings and larger-sized facilities, due to the rapid growth of population Considering the materials consumption costs, durability, and the environmental impacts, a more in-depth study is necessary to evaluate the influence of the concrete cover thicknesses over the structure's life cycle. Studies that evaluate the environmental impacts of reinforced concrete slabs are relatively scarce (Paik and Na, 2019). Besides that, there are very few studies investigating the concrete cover thickness as a principal subject, and none thus far evaluate its effect on the structure's life cycle. The cement production and steel are the main contributors to many environmental impacts in structures of conventional concrete (Paik and Na, 2019) and the production of steel and concrete has a higher embodied energy than the other materials as found by Life Cycle Costs and impacts of massive slabs with varying concrete cover systems. In this study, reinforcing bars were the main contributor to lowering the carbon dioxide emissions in the flat plate slab and voided slab systems. The results of this study show that amongst all the three different slab systems, the voided slab system shows the greatest reduction potential. Moreover, replacing the ordinary reinforced concrete slab system by alternative methods would make it possible to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in building projects.

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 Keywords

Construction industry, Carbon dioxide, life cycle assessment, Reinforced concrete slab, Flat plate slab, Voided slab, Development, Global warming, Methane, Rain, Temperature, Weather, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,

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ABSTRACT: In the agriculture field, we will be spraying of the seeds, fertilizers, medicine etc., in order to have good harvest of the particular plant. We are spraying the above mentioned things by charging the battery with the help of electrical power supply & by other means. In our project, we are going to use the cheapest method by trapping the solar energy. The trapped solar energy is used to charge the battery for pumping the particular items to the agriculture field. We have designed and developed a system called solaragro sprayer. The system consists of solar panel, charging unit, Battery, Pump and sprayer. The solar panel delivers an output in the order of 12 volts and 10 watts power to the charging unit. The charging unit is used to strengthen the signal from the solar panel. The charging unit which in turn delivers the signal which is used to charge the battery. According to the charged unit, the pump operates, such that the sprayer works. This study presents the design and fabrication of a novel solar and battery-powered agro sprayer aimed at enhancing efficiency and sustainability in agricultural practices. The integration of solar panels with battery technology addresses the challenges of conventional agro sprayers, such as dependence on fossil fuels and limited operational autonomy. The proposed system utilizes photovoltaic panels to harness solar energy, which is stored in rechargeable batteries to power the sprayer unit. The fabrication process involves selecting suitable components, including high-efficiency solar panels, rechargeable batteries, a pump system, and spray nozzles. Integration of these components is achieved through careful design and engineering to ensure seamless operation and durability in diverse agricultural environments.Key features of the fabricated system include adjustable spraying mechanisms for precise application of fertilizers and pesticides, ergonomic design for ease of use by farmers, and a robust construction to withstand harsh field conditions.

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Key words: Solar panel ,battery , eco-friendly, Agro sprayer, Renewable resources.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of modern business, offering unprecedented opportunities for innovation, efficiency, and growth. However, the integration of AI into business operations has also raised complex legal challenges that demand a nuanced understanding of existing legal frameworks and the development of new regulatory paradigms. The intersection of AI and business law, focusing on the legal implications of AI-driven decision-making, the protection of intellectual property rights, liability issues, and the regulatory responses to AI's impact on various industries. As businesses increasingly rely on AI for tasks ranging from data analysis to customer service and strategic decision-making, questions of accountability and liability have become paramount. The difficulties in attributing responsibility when AI systems malfunction or produce biased outcomes, exploring whether traditional legal concepts such as negligence and product liability are sufficient or require adaptation in the context of AI. Furthermore, the intellectual property challenges posed by AI, particularly regarding the ownership and protection of AI-generated works and inventions. The evolving nature of AI raises questions about the applicability of current intellectual property laws, including patents, copyrights, and trade secrets, to innovations that are autonomously created by AI systems. Additionally, the regulatory landscape surrounding AI, analyzing current regulations and proposed legislative frameworks at both national and international levels. The discussion includes an assessment of the European Union's AI Act, the United States' approach to AI regulation, and other significant global initiatives aimed at governing the ethical and legal use of AI in business. The paper also considers the ethical dimensions of AI, particularly the importance of ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability in AI systems to prevent discrimination and protect consumer rights.

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Keywords: Liability, Intellectual Property, Regulation

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The Khasis are music lovers. They like to sing, dance, and play musical instruments. There are many musical instruments belonging to the Khasi tribe. Some are very popular and some are on the verge of extinction. The popular ones can be seen on many platforms but some are confined only at home. One such instrument is called Ka 'Singphong which is a home musical instrument. This study aims to investigate Ka 'Singphong which is an isolated Khasi folk instrument. Ka 'Singphong is a musical instrument played for accompanying folk songs and accompanying dance music. Folk songs and dance speak about the history and culture of the people. Ka 'Singphong has very much contributed musically to society but as seen today it is seldom played by Khasi musicians. The musical instrument is not common within the society and this has led the people to practically not use it. It has become idle and has been seen only in a few villages. Therefore, this study is an attempt to investigate the factors that led to the isolation of the instruments and at the same time suggest ways and means to revive and promote to gain popularity amongst the present generation and the society as a whole.

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Khasi Folk Musical instrument, Isolated, Ka 'Singphong, Home Musical Instrument, Percussion Instrument, Reviving and promoting

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Palegara a word derived from 'Paleya'. It means Military Camp Palegara means leader of the Amy, or those who were ready to war along with Army. However, later on which was known as a Administrator. Palegaras were entirely different from Royal Administrators, those were maintained a separate Army and their own Paleyapattu (Administrative unit). During later phase of Hoysala Kingdom palegara system was born took place in South India1 but which was came into forefront during Vijayanagara kingdom. Vijayanagara Kings were established supremacy over entire South India through this system and palegaras were called by different names such as Poligar in English, Palegara in Kannada, Pallegadu in Telugu, Palaikkaran in Tamil, palegars in Marathi.2

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EMERGENCE OF THE PALEGARA'WAR LORDS' IN SOUTH INDIA

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Economic development of any country is largely dependent on its industrial development. Thus, the role of small-scale industries has always been supported in a country like India with various opinions such as employment, equality, latent resource, trickling effect, insurance against social tension, distributive effect, creation of social eco-system and decentralization etc. The other arguments in favor of this are making provision for self-employment and capital formation. Study of SSI has received many responses from various economists. The performance of the small- scale sector has a direct impact on the growth of the overall economy in terms of number of units, production, employment and exports. It may help to understand it's role in the economic development of the country. There is a prominent role of small-scale industries in the development of a nation. India is a developing country so that small scale industry is the backbone of it. SSI sector is one of the fastest growing sectors of the country. It provides huge employment opportunities and its presence is very important for the emerging countries like India. The contribution of SSI sector to the economy is increasing day by day. It is second largest employment provider sector of the country after agriculture. The contribution of SSI in the total export is also significant which is one-third of the total exports of the country. Though the SSI sector made significant contribution to the national economy even during the pre- independence period, no planned efforts were made for the promotion and development of this sector. Although after independence government had provided full attention to these industries.

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SSIs, Employment, GDP, Trickling effect, Decentralization, Distributive effect

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Rheumatology is a branch of Medical Science which includes various joint disorders like Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Lumbar Spondylosis and spondylitis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Cervical Spondylosis and Spondylitis and etc. In Modern Medicine that is Allopathy there are many limitations regarding Symptomatic Treatment which includes Adverse Drug Reactions, Contraindications, Overdosage and Systemic complications. Hence to overcome these limitations there is a great scope for Integration in AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy) System of medicine in Rheumatology. Ayurveda plays an important role in prevention as well as treatment of joint disorders. Yoga showcases varied asanas and postures adviced in joint disorders. Unani plays an important role in following the priciples of The Hellenistic origin of Unani medicine is still visible in its being based on the classical four humours: phlegm (balgham), blood (dam), yellow bile (?afr?) and black bile (saud?'), but it has also been influenced by Indian and Chinese traditional systems. The principle of treatment aims at restoring the normal temperament, and correcting the imbalance in the Khilt (humour) through Imala (Diversion of morbid material) and Istifraagh (Evacuation of morbid material). Siddha also has an important role to play in joint disorder as Siddha practitioners believe that five basic elements- earth, water, fire, air, sky - are in food, "humours" of the human body, and herbal, animal or inorganic chemical compounds, such as sulfur and mercury, used as therapies for treating diseases. Homeopathy is one of the most popular holistic systems of medicine that includes the theory of individualization and symptoms similarity by using holistic approach. This paper intends to explore the scope of integration in Rheumatogical disorders.

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Amavata, Sandhigatavata, Vatavyadhi, Rheumatology, Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy

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The United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment works to promote the incorporation of environmental, social, and corporate governance factors into investment decision-making. ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) mutual funds have gained prominence globally, including in India, due to an increased emphasis on sustainable and responsible investing. There are some main characteristics and trends associated with ESG mutual funds like- integration of ESG criteria, sustainability focus, long-term investment perspective, risk management strategy, regulatory landscape, impact investing, etc. India is experiencing a growing interest in sustainable and responsible investment practices. Investment in ESG mutual funds can provide a way for investors to align their values with their investments, potentially improve financial performance, and manage risk. ESG mutual funds have shown strong financial performance in recent years. A company's ability to be innovative and efficient can lead to long-term sustainable success when ESG factors are given priority. Companies that have a strong ESG profile are less likely to face legal and reputational risks that can negatively impact their financial performance and can help investors avoid companies that are at risk of legal or regulatory action, reputational damage, or financial instability. Investors in today's world are reevaluating traditional approaches and taking the environment into account while making investments. Hence, as part of their selection procedures, investors are starting to take ESG factors into account. In a warning, the World Economic Forum (WEF) listed five of the six biggest global risks as being influenced by climate change. Companies would be required to develop a climate resilience adaption strategy to be future ready. Therefore, investors must look at sustainable investing areas. This research is crucial to monitor developments in ESG investing through mutual funds, including changes in regulatory frameworks, industry best practices, and the evolving preferences of investors seeking sustainable and responsible investment options

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ESG, Mutual Fund, NIFTY, India

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Collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body, plays a critical role in maintaining the structure and function of various tissues, including skin, bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles. This paper explores the formation of collagen, its different types, and its benefits for skin and hair health. Additionally, the paper focuses on marine collagen, a sustainable and potentially more bioavailable source for collagen supplementation.

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Collagen, Marine Collagen, Skin Health, Hair Health, Bioavailability, Supplementation

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Security concerns, privacy issues, and interoperability are critical challenges facing modern healthcare systems. While the use of technologies like Internet of Things (IoT) devices, telemedicine, and Electronic Health Records (EHRs) has changed patient care, it has also brought new risks. This paper examines cyber security measures, privacy regulations, and interoperability standards essential for safeguarding patient data and ensuring seamless information exchange. Addressing these challenges is crucial to protect patient confidentiality, prevent data breaches, and enhance healthcare delivery. By promoting robust security practices, adhering to privacy laws, and fostering interoperable systems, healthcare organizations can harness the full potential of digital health technologies while maintaining patient trust and improving outcomes.

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Keywords: Security concerns, Privacy issues, Interoperability, Healthcare systems, Cyber security, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Internet of Things (IoT).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition