Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

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health and healthcare is a matter of right. Every welfare State is duty bound to provide accessible, affordable and quality healthcare services. International instruments like ICSCER, Sustainable development goals emphasised on the role of every state to ensure health for all. Therefore, this paper tries to discuss Indian legal framework that puts obligation on State to ensure healthcare to everyone will also be discussed along with a comparative study with the healthcare structure of United kingdom. the study will also help to analyse the lacunas in India healthcare structure. The study will be concluded by some suggestion.

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 Keywords

health, healthcare, State, obligation, act etc.

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This article aims to theorize the concept of unpaid care work along with the supporting statistics. It seeks to establish the relationship between unpaid care work and women empowerment and provides policy recommendations for the same.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Unpaid, care work, time poverty, recognise, reduce, redistribute

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract The following article takes up a legal analysis of how India has responded to cyber threats, focusing on cybersecurity and data privacy. First, it highlights critical issues related to data privacy in the face of increasing cyber threats. It then reviews the legal basis for data privacy in India, focusing on the protection provided by Article 21 (right to life and personal liberty), Section 19 (protection of certain rights relating to liberty) and Article 14 (right to equality). Judges have interpreted these provisions to include personal information. The Information Technology Act, 2000 was the first law to regulate online activities and ensure the protection of electronic information. The Privacy Act, 2019 is considered an important yet evolving piece of legislation that aims to establish strong data protection standards. Other laws and guidelines are also being reviewed to better understand India's legal framework for cybersecurity. Judicial decisions and interpretation of key issues have had a significant impact on data privacy in India. The article then discusses issues in the existing law. The changing nature of cyber threats poses serious challenges as laws and regulations must constantly adapt to new and complex cyber threats. Based on these issues, this paper provides recommendations to improve cybersecurity and data privacy in India. The recommendations include revising laws to keep pace with technology, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and encouraging greater collaboration between the government, private sector, and civil society. The paper highlights the need for a better approach that includes legal recognition, and legal and regulatory oversight to protect personal data in the digital age.

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Keywords - Cybersecurity, Data Privacy, Government Policies, Constitution

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Plastic pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental challenges of the 21st century, significantly impacting ecosystems, human health, and the global economy. In the last decade it has emerged as a global issue in the world, and cause of that it is not disposed of more than other things. Due to the lack of proper knowledge about pollution and its dangerous impact on the environment, its uses have increased. In this study, a survey was done to know the people's knowledge about plastic pollution. A self-made questionnaire was used to collect data after the expert opinion. By using three dimensions of knowledge of causes, effects and solutions of plastic pollution 30 items of a questionnaire and 100 samples were selected at Gajol block under Malda District in West Bengal. For analysing data, descriptive statistics and inferential are used such as Mean, Median, Mode, SD and t-test. The study result showed that the mean score of knowledge about plastic pollution of male participants is 49.55 which is significantly higher than that of female participants whose mean score of knowledge about plastic pollution is 44.67. It may therefore be said that male participants were found to have significantly better knowledge about plastic pollution as compared to female participants. The majority of the participants knew the dangers of plastic but had some gaps in terms of the specific causes, effects, and solutions of plastic garbage.

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Plastic Pollution, Knowledge, People Knowledge, Causes, Effect, Solution.

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Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), modern technology has advanced tremendously, enabling unparalleled connectivity and data collection across a variety of disciplines. This paper explores the critical issues of data confidentiality, integrity, authentication, authorization, and network availability. Emphasizing the need for robust encryption, strong authentication protocols, and resilient network designs, it highlights the importance of physical security and industry-wide standards. Addressing these multifaceted challenges is essential to safeguard data and ensure the reliable operation of IoT and WSNs, thereby fully leveraging their potential in various sectors.

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Keywords: IoT Security, Wireless Sensor Networks, Data Confidentiality, Authentication, Network resilience.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract:- Human-environment relationships have been a central focus in geographical inquiry, with modern and postmodern perspectives offering contrasting approaches to understanding these complex dynamics. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of human-environment relationships in modern and postmodern geography, highlighting key theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches, and conceptual shifts.In modern geography, the focus has traditionally been on the physical environment and its influence on human behavior. This perspective often employs quantitative methods and deterministic models to explain patterns of human settlement, resource distribution, and environmental change. Environmental determinism, with its emphasis on causal relationships between physical geography and human societies, has been a dominant paradigm in modern geographical thought.In contrast, postmodern geography challenges the deterministic view of human-environment relationships by emphasizing the socio-cultural and political dimensions of these interactions. Postmodern geographers critique the universalizing tendencies of modernist approaches and highlight the diversity of human experiences and perspectives. Qualitative methods, narrative analysis, and critical theory are often employed to explore the subjective and contested nature of human-environment relationships.This research employs a comparative analysis to examine the evolution of thought within geography, from modernist perspectives to postmodern critiques. It explores how modern geography's emphasis on environmental determinism has given way to a more nuanced understanding of the reciprocal and dynamic nature of human-environment interactions in postmodern discourse. Concepts such as environmental justice, sustainability, and hybridity have emerged as central themes in postmodern geography, reflecting a shift towards more holistic and integrative approaches to studying human-environment relationships.By synthesizing insights from both modern and postmodern geography, this research seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities inherent in human-environment relationships and the implications for sustainable development, social justice, and environmental policy in the twenty-first century.

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Human-environment relationships, Postmodern, twenty-first century

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The COVID-19 Pandemic has resulted in creation of disastrous effect on the global economy. Strict lockdowns were imposed all over the world. Due to persistent lockdown condition, micro and macro industries were shut down which led to problems of unemployment. This led to crisis in the world economy. Food supplements reduced, this created hunger and raised inequalities in the society. The COVID-19 pandemic situation acted as a catalyst in enhancing digitalisation. Many students could not afford to digital resources and thus failed to get education during the COVID-19 Pandemic situation. Students faced psychological problems due to social isolation and loneliness.

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COVID-19 PANDEMIC, ECONOMY, DIGITALISATION, INEQUALITIES, UNEMPLOYMENT, PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

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material science is an internally field that explores the relationships between the structure ,properties and applications of various materials.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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mechanical properties, electrical properties

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Sarahu new 51 Wonders of the World - This organization have the 9 each sub organizations. 9 each sub organizations performance the Sarahu's academic, human resources, space, arts, Biology, technology and philosophies achievements. Sarahu Wonders of the world from Sarahu World Records and the remaining 15 Organizations with 300 manpower and with another audience opinions and recommendations they are doing it. Here's how they did and worked on the "World Wonders of Sarahu." Here are some of the most important and pertinent documents; and the combination of all these records made it the new "Sarahu World Wonders." And they had to do this over a period of about 5 years through Internet polling, editorial search, strong campaigns and scattered campaigns.

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Information Science

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Background : Keeping in view, the growing concern of TB as a major public health challenge, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI) in collaboration with key stake holders viz. the Indian Medical Association (IMA), Meerut Branch, District TB Center, key hospitals, private providers, students, teachers and parents of select schools and madrasas, workers of small factories, residents in urban slums and district administrators initiated a two-year (2016-2018) pilot intervention project in Meerut city, Uttar Pradesh - Project CHETNA (Communications, Health Education and Tuberculosis Notification Awareness). Objectives: Project CHETNA was designed with the key objectives; (i) to increase TB notifications from the private providers treating TB patients; (ii) to enhance community awareness on TB for an improved care seeking behaviour and (iii) to enhance capacity of private providers to deliver services through improved diagnosis, management & adherence to treatment. Approach: Project CHETNA adopted a non-incentivized model with no financial incentives paid to stakeholders associated with the project. During the inception phase, baseline studies were undertaken to identify the gaps in the knowledge levels among the community on prevention and care for TB and knowledge and capacity of the private providers in adherence to standard treatment guidelines on notification, diagnosis, treatment and adherence. A comprehensive mapping of TB providers, schools, madrassas, factories and slums was undertaken to understand the geo-spatial spread of TB case load, point of care and treatment. This analysis served in designing effective communication strategies for the project. Innovative time-saving tools for notification were developed based on the RNTCP format, Capacity building of clinic support staff and doctors and an array of innovative communication activities were undertaken to achieve the objectives of the project. Learnings: The project played a critical role in bridging the gap between the public and private sector players by almost doubling notification on TB cases diagnosed by the private sector. This was mainly attributable to the innovative tools and capacity building of support staff and doctors on TB diagnosis, treatment, case management, counselling and notification protocols. Coupled with an array of innovative communication activities, team CHETNA reached out to patients, caregivers and community members, factory workers etc. and sensitized them on TB. A mnemonic "CHETNA Didi" was developed to carry messages to the community. Posters, Leaflets, Films, Stickers, Banners, Calendars, Situation Cards, Skits and host of other communication materials were designed with CHETNA Didi as the main character. School children rallies, painting competitions, poetry and essay writing competitions, parent-teacher meetings, involvement of slum elders, informal service providers, and madrasas, house visits, Nauchandi Mela, wall writings at key locations in the slums, etc. have resulted in enhancing public awareness on health promotion with specific focus on TB. Special efforts were made to include various cottage industries, factories and other work places in Meerut city to spread key messages on TB symptoms and its treatment to this largely migrant work force. Based on the success of the pilot intervention, the model may be considered for scale up in districts with low TB notification, higher presence of private sector and high prevalence in order to enhance notification especially from the private sector and enhance public awareness on health promotions.

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 Keywords

Notification, Capacity Building, Awareness generation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition