Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This study titled "Education as a Human Right or a Policy Claim: A Critical Study of Universal Enrollment and Child Labour at Primary School Level in India" critically evaluates whether primary education in India functions as an enforceable human right or remains a policy assertion. Although Article 21A of the Indian Constitution and the Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009 legally guarantee free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14, severe socio-economic hurdles continue to impede universal access and completion. Utilizing a descriptive, analytical, and critical framework grounded in secondary data from UDISE+, ASER, Census of India, NSSO, UNESCO, and ILO, this research examines the complex nexus between universal enrollment and child labour. The empirical analysis reveals that while Gross Enrollment Ratios (GER) and primary completion rates (consistently above 90-94%) reflect administrative expansion, persistent child labour (concentrated in agriculture and informal work), regional disparities, and post-pandemic dropouts prevent meaningful educational realisation. The study concludes that achieving education as a genuine human right requires moving beyond numerical enrollment targets to robust legal enforcement, poverty alleviation, improved school infrastructure, and integrated socio-economic support systems.

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Human Rights, Universal Enrollment, Child Labour, Primary Education, Right to Education Act.

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Coconut shell ash (CSA), Ceramic electrical insulator, Mullite, Flashover and Porosity

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as one of the most promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications owing to their remarkable antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties. However, conventional chemical and physical methods employed for AgNP synthesis often involve hazardous reagents, high energy consumption, and environmental concerns. In recent years, green synthesis has gained considerable attention as a sustainable alternative by utilizing plant-derived phytochemicals as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. Azadirachta indica (Neem), a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional medicine, possesses a rich phytochemical profile comprising flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, proteins, and polysaccharides that facilitate the eco-friendly synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles. The synergistic interaction between neem phytoconstituents and silver nanoparticles enhances their antibacterial efficacy against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms while simultaneously promoting tissue regeneration and accelerating wound healing. Recent advances have demonstrated the successful incorporation of neem-mediated AgNPs into biopolymeric wound dressings, including chitosan-, polyvinyl alcohol-, alginate-, gelatin-, cellulose-, and hydrogel-based matrices, resulting in improved mechanical strength, moisture retention, controlled silver release, biocompatibility, and prolonged antimicrobial activity. This review comprehensively discusses the phytochemical basis of neem-mediated green synthesis, reaction mechanisms involved in nanoparticle formation, factors influencing synthesis efficiency, physicochemical characterization techniques, antibacterial and wound-healing mechanisms, fabrication of antibacterial wound patches, and their physico-mechanical and biological evaluation. Furthermore, recent developments, current challenges, regulatory considerations, toxicity concerns, and future prospects for translating neem-mediated silver nanoparticle-based wound dressings into clinical applications are critically examined. The evidence summarized in this review indicates that neem-mediated AgNP-incorporated wound patches represent an environmentally sustainable, cost-effective, and highly promising strategy for the development of next-generation antimicrobial wound care systems.

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 Keywords

Azadirachta indica, green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, Antibacterial wound patch, Wound healing, Nanotechnology, Phytochemicals, Chitosan, Biopolymeric dressing, antimicrobial activity.

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The present study was conducted to examine the social adjustment and emotional maturity of college students in Punjab with reference to gender and locale, and to determine the relationship between these two variables. The study adopted the descriptive research method. A sample of 105 college students from Punjab was selected using an appropriate sampling technique. Data were collected using the Social Adjustment Inventory (SAI) developed by R. C. Deva (2023) and the Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS) developed by Singh and Bhargava (2012). Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test, and Pearson's coefficient of correlation were used for data analysis. The findings revealed no significant gender differences in either social adjustment or emotional maturity. However, significant differences were observed with respect to locale, with rural students showing higher social adjustment and urban students demonstrating higher emotional maturity. A significant negative relationship was found between social adjustment and emotional maturity for the overall sample, as well as among male, female, and rural, urban students, whereas no significant relationship was observed among rural students. The study highlights the importance of addressing social and emotional aspects of students' development through appropriate guidance and counseling programmes in higher education institutions.

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Social Adjustment, Emotional Maturity, College Students, Gender, Locale, Punjab

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Drop culture refers to a marketing tactic when brands create demand through scarcity, exclusivity and digital interactions released as limited-edition products. While much literature covers themes such as scarcity marketing, social media impacts, FoMO and resales separately, few studies look into consumer behaviour within drop culture. Thus, this study qualitatively researched what drives consumers psychologically, socially and behaviourally to buy into limited-edition releases. Design/methodology/approach: Using triangulation methodology, this study conducted an exploratory qualitative study. Data was gathered through 15 semi-structured interviews and an online questionnaire with 287 valid responses. Thematic analysis was conducted on both data sets using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-phase methodology. Findings: Four themes emerged: Exclusivity and Status, FOMO and Purchase Urgency, Community and Brand Connection, and Resale and Hype. The findings of this study conclude that consumers do not simply buy a product; they buy into an idea. Symbolic value, self-expression, community and belonging, and potential resale value were all contributors to customers' decision-making. Social media can enhance hype and consumers' pre-purchase excitement. Originality/value: This study offers qualitative insight into consumer psychology and current digital consumerism.

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Drop culture, scarcity marketing, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), consumer behaviour, social media, limited-edition products.

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Present research studies aimed to explore usually utilized angiospermic, dicotyledonous medicinal plant Carissa carandas L.from Chandgad, District- Kolhapur, Maharashtra. This plant belongs to the family Apocynaceae and it is commonly well recognized as karvand, Dongri Maina or Ranmeva. In this paper I have reported moisture %, pH and biochemical constituent vitamin C which is most plentiful active principle from the fresh unripened and ripened fruits of the plant. Present investigation was undertaken to study plant chemical resource and medicinal traditional uses knowledge about the karvand. Medicinal plants have curative properties due to presence of various complex chemical substances. I have reported 71.5 % moisture unripened fruits pulp , 61 % moisture ripened fruits pulp. pH of unripened fruits pulp juice was 5 and 6 pH was observed pulp juice ripened fruits, 67 % moisture ripened fruits pulp. Height of the plant was 4 m. of the Fresh weight and dry weight unripened fruit was 3.80 gm and 1.10 gm. Fresh weight and dry weight ripened fruit was 4.15 gm and 1.45 gm. 11.38 mg/10 ml Vitamin C from unripened and 7.72 mg/10 ml Vitamin C ripened fruits pulp of Carissa carandas L was recorded.

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Vitamin C stuff in the unripened and ripened fruits of Carissa carandas L.from Chandgad region of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra.

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The proliferation of engineered indoor air microbiomes in commercial real estate, curated probiotic bacterial blends circulated through HVAC systems and marketed as health-enhancing amenities, has created a novel and largely unexamined legal problem at the intersection of intellectual property, property law, and tort. Building owners increasingly seek patent protection over these proprietary microbial formulations, yet the diffuse and non-excludable nature of air itself sits uneasily within traditional frameworks of ownership and possession. This paper examines whether existing doctrines, patent eligibility standards for living organisms, trespass to chattels, and conversion, can meaningfully accommodate claims arising when tenants inadvertently carry patented bacteria beyond the premises on clothing, skin, or hair. It argues that conventional property reasoning, rooted in the capacity to exclude and control a tangible resource, breaks down when applied to an environment designed for inhalation and unavoidable bodily contact. The paper further explores contractual attempts to fill this doctrinal gap through restrictive lease covenants, alongside the tension these raise with unconscionability principles, bodily autonomy, and public health disclosure obligations. Situating this emerging conflict within broader debates on the enclosure of biological commons, the paper proposes a framework for distinguishing legitimate innovation protection from overreaching claims of dominion over shared, ambient space.

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Microbial Patents, Indoor Air Governance, Trespass To Chattels, Biological Commons, Property Rights In Living Organisms

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 Abstract

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yksdxhr, ygfj;ka lwa yksdxhr , C;ko jS ekSds ekFkS xk;k tko.k okGk yksdxhr

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