Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This research explores the efficacy of a four-week sports nutrition education intervention on adult male football players' dietary habits and nutritional knowledge in Mumbai. Recognizing the pivotal role of nutrition in enhancing athletic performance, muscle recovery, and overall health, the study addresses a gap in targeted nutritional education for athletes in this specific urban context. The intervention involved 40 club-level football players aged 18-30, who attended 30-minute weekly sessions designed to improve their understanding of key nutritional concepts, including weight management, macronutrients, micronutrients, sports nutrition, supplementation, and the impact of alcohol consumption. A pre-test/post-test design was employed to assess changes in knowledge and dietary practices. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured using the Nutrition for Sports Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) and 24-hour dietary recalls. Statistical analyses revealed significant improvements in athletes' knowledge across all domains: weight management, macronutrients, micronutrients, and supplementation. For instance, participants showed a better grasp of the energy density of nutrients, appropriate carbohydrate recovery strategies, and the role of micronutrients in performance. Despite these advancements, there was no significant change in fat intake, suggesting the need for more focused education on dietary fat. Overall, the study demonstrates that a structured sports nutrition education program can effectively enhance dietary knowledge and inform better food choices among athletes. These findings highlight the importance of tailored nutritional interventions in optimizing athletic performance and health. Future research should investigate the long-term impact of such interventions and consider additional socio-cultural factors to refine and improve sports nutrition education strategies.

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Nutrition for Sports Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ), pre-test/post-test design, 24-hour dietary recalls, supplementation, weight management

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Gut transit time is referred as the time taken for a particular meal or food to travel from the mouth, to the digestive tract till its elimination through all bowel movements. For a healthy person bowel transit time is 8 to 14 hours. People should have two to three bowel movements per day. Transit time varies greatly from person to person due to age, dietary habits, climate, exercise habits, immobility, use of medicines and so on. Due to the involvement of different factors , an exact bowel transit times for the general public cannot be determined. Modulation of gastrointestinal transit time is having great importance in maintaining the health. For a healthy transit time fiber-rich diets, good physical fitness, and avoiding use of medications with constipating side effects , is recommended. In Ayurvedic view digestion and transit time can be correlated with concept of Jataragni Agni and its types. Ayurveda is emphasizing the importance of the digestive fire, as the foundation of our overall health and well-being, influencing everything from the nourishment of our tissues to the strength of our immune system. Jatharagni is located in the stomach and small intestine. Ayurveda identifies four basic varieties of Jatharagni: Mandagni (low digestive fire), Tikshnagni (high digestive fire), Vishamagni (irregular digestive fire), and Samagni (balanced digestive fire). Maintaining Sama Agni and balancing the other three Agni is the key to preventing disease and achieving a state of balanced health.. By understanding the link between Agni, the gut microbiome, and the accumulation of Ama, we can take preventive steps to support our digestive fire, thereby maintain gut transit time and prevent the buildup of toxins by treating the root cause before it leads to disease. . This paper tries to highlight the role of Ayurveda in maintaining the GTT by adopting the measures to improve jatargni.

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Gut Transit Time, Jataragni, Gut health,

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Education is one of the most influencing systems of our society for the development and growth of the nation. The education system of a society reflects its image. Technology, in this regard, is one of the most critical issues in the present global era. In order gain a broad perspective, yet remain relevant to one's own situation, now there is a need to think globally and act locally. Despite the ubiquitous appearance of technology in societies around the world, we continue to grapple with how we might make the best use of Information Technology (IT) in our education system. Technology in acquiring knowledge and skill is an extremely essential component of education and training at all levels: primary, secondary, higher and professional education.

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INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS

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Bharat ke mashur gazal gayak - Pankaj Udas

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Bharat ke mashur gazal gayak - Pankaj Udas

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Religion plays a significant role in shaping political culture in contemporary India, influencing issues such as identity, social cohesion and electoral dynamics. With a diverse population practicing various faiths, religious sentiments often shape political discourse, alliances and policies. Hindu nationalism for instance gained prominence, affecting governance, legislation and societal norms. Additionally, religious minorities play a crucial role in shaping political narratives and mobilizing support, highlighting the intricate relationship between religion and politics in India. This paper is based on secondary data collection, it will explain Overall religion's impact on political culture in contemporary India is profound and multifaceted, shaping not only electoral dynamics but also governance, policy making and societal cohesion. This attempt has been made to analyse communal tension, secularism debates and their impact on people's psychological orientation towards political objects.

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Religion, Political Culture, Identity Politics, Secularism Debates, Communal Tension

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Hardware in the loop simulation is a type of control simulation process in which the physical part of the system on which the test is to be performed is connected virtually using its mathematical model and is tested by various test parameters. The plant (physical part) is an actual copy in terms of virtual mathematical model in Hardware in the loop architecture. Hardware in the loop decreases the safety and risk parameters as all the tests are perform virtually which influences various things such as cost, efficiency, and development time of the plant being tested. This project focuses on the development of Hardware in the loop simulator architecture for Servo Motor. The software used for the development of the project is IoT based cloud that uses graphical programming and virtual user interface. Hardware in the loop system uses real time testing, IoT cloud application provides us various options for inputs and outputs for real time data.

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HIL, ECU Testing, IoT, Device under test

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India and Nepal historically have been natural partners, respecting each others freedom, integrity, dignity, security and progress since centuries. The porous borders permits unhindered movement of people for work, education, medical facilities etc. Such is the close relations between both the countries that Chief of Army Staffs of both the countries are conferred the honorary rank of General in each others Armed Forces by the respective Presidents (Heads of the State). Indo Nepal ties worsened when India inaugurated a road it built through Kalapani in May 2020. The relations between the two nations further deteriorated as COVID-19 spread rapidly across the world. While the world was grappling with COVID virus and uncontrollable deaths, the two countries (India and Nepal) which share close bonds through "Roti-Beti Ka Rishta" (Relation of food and marriage) fought with each other on contentious issues. COVID pandemic resulted in loss of jobs by the migrant workers and their return home, increase in Nepal's widening trade deficit with India, escalation in territorial/ border disputes, minor incidents of violence came to fore which further accentuated the complexities. Bilateral issues during COVID pandemic could have been amicably dealt by both the nations and a strategy worked out to address them at the earliest. This paper aims to examine the factors which led to the start of border dispute, contentious issues between the two states - porous border and widening trade deficit. An effort has also been made to provide recommendations to build trust between the two nations in order to strengthen their bilateral relations.

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COVID Pandemic, India, Nepal, Border, Trade

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The Kurmi community, native to the Chotanagpur plateau across Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha, and West Bengal, boasts a rich heritage of nature worship and traditional customs. Initially recognized as tribals under British rule, the Kurmis lost this status in 1950 due to post-independence reclassification aimed at standardizing demographic categories. This change significantly impacted their access to tribal-specific benefits, leading to socio-economic disadvantages and reduced political representation. In response, the Kurmi Janajati movement seeks to restore their tribal recognition. This study delves into the community's origins, the historical shift in their status, and the movement's ongoing impact on West Bengal. By analyzing these elements, the research sheds light on the broader implications of identity and governance for indigenous communities in modern India.

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Kurmi Community, Tribal Status, Chotanagpur Plateau, Reclassification, Kurmi Janajati Movement, Indigenous Rights

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ABSTRACT- The desert region of Bikaner is known for arid climate and harsh environmental condition. Despite sparse water resources and challenging environmental conditions, this region supports enough macrobenthic fauna of freshwater including mollusc population. Molluscs are crucial component of aquatic ecosystem as they add productivity and decay organic matter of aquatic ecosystem. This study aims to give an overview of the diversity of molluscs species of different water bodies of Bikaner. Molluscs of class gastropoda of different families were observed during study.

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Keywords- Aquatic ecosystem, mollusca, diversity, gastropoda.

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Test anxiety is a common form of anxiety that is faced by students of all stages. Though low level of test anxiety is considered as an important achievement emotion [61], experiencing high levels of test anxiety can result in emotional and physical distress which affects the concentration, cognitive ability, self-esteem, self-efficacy, attention, memory power of the student, and cause physiological manifestations such as higher galvanic skin response, heart rate, dizziness, nausea, and panicking [8]. It is also highly prevalent, affecting 40-60% of the students negatively [50]. Hence it is vital to identify students with high test anxiety and provide them with appropriate intervention to help them perform at their maximum potential. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationships and the effectiveness of two important factors, self-efficacy, and perceived social support (support from friends, family, and significant others), in mitigating the ill-effects of test anxiety. Perceived Social support is defined as the information from the environment that leads an individual to perceive and believe he or she is loved and cared for, esteemed, and is a member of a network of mutual obligation [16]. Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in his or her own capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments [5]. The tools used for the study were the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support- MSPSS [82], General Self-efficacy Scale- GSE [83], and the Westside Test Anxiety Scale- WTAS [85]. The data was collected through purposive and snow-ball sampling techniques from a sample of about 221 female undergraduate students with age ranging between 17 and 23 years in Chennai, via online and in-person modes. Standard linear regression, Multiple regression, and Pearson's product moment correlation were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that- there exists a significant relationship between Self-efficacy and Test anxiety (r (211) = -.349, p < 0.01)), there is a significant relationship between Perceived social support and Test anxiety (r (211) = -.210, p < 0.01)), there exists a significant relationship between Perceived social support from both family and friends and Test anxiety (r (211) = -.251, p < 0.01; r (211) = -.149, p < 0.05)) but not between significant other and Test anxiety (r (211) = -.115, p > 0.01)), both Self-efficacy and Perceived social support significantly predict Test anxiety (R2 = .122, t (211) = -5.384, p < 0.01; R2 = .044, t (211) = -3.110, p < 0.01)), and that Perceived social support from Family independently predicts Test anxiety significantly (t (211) = -3.199, p = .002 (p < 0.01)). The implication of this study is that the results can be used to develop educational, psychological, and psychosocial intervention programs for college students who are affected by high levels of test anxiety.

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Test anxiety, Self-efficacy, Perceived social support, Undergraduate female students

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