Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The proliferation of engineered indoor air microbiomes in commercial real estate, curated probiotic bacterial blends circulated through HVAC systems and marketed as health-enhancing amenities, has created a novel and largely unexamined legal problem at the intersection of intellectual property, property law, and tort. Building owners increasingly seek patent protection over these proprietary microbial formulations, yet the diffuse and non-excludable nature of air itself sits uneasily within traditional frameworks of ownership and possession. This paper examines whether existing doctrines, patent eligibility standards for living organisms, trespass to chattels, and conversion, can meaningfully accommodate claims arising when tenants inadvertently carry patented bacteria beyond the premises on clothing, skin, or hair. It argues that conventional property reasoning, rooted in the capacity to exclude and control a tangible resource, breaks down when applied to an environment designed for inhalation and unavoidable bodily contact. The paper further explores contractual attempts to fill this doctrinal gap through restrictive lease covenants, alongside the tension these raise with unconscionability principles, bodily autonomy, and public health disclosure obligations. Situating this emerging conflict within broader debates on the enclosure of biological commons, the paper proposes a framework for distinguishing legitimate innovation protection from overreaching claims of dominion over shared, ambient space.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Microbial Patents, Indoor Air Governance, Trespass To Chattels, Biological Commons, Property Rights In Living Organisms

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

yksdxhr, ygfj;ka lwa yksdxhr , C;ko jS ekSds ekFkS xk;k tko.k okGk yksdxhr

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition