Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Family relationships and peer networks are among the most consistent influences on the psychological adjustment of young adults during the undergraduate years. This study examined how parental involvement style, peer group quality, and family background relate to the self-reported mental well-being of undergraduate students across universities in Kerala. A structured 20-item questionnaire was administered to a sample of 850 undergraduate students across disciplines, years of study, and institutions. Findings indicate that students who described their parents as understanding and emotionally supportive reported markedly better mental well-being than those who described their parents as highly controlling or pressuring. Positive peer relationships were associated with more adaptive coping in the face of academic stress and romantic relationship setbacks. Students from broken or separated families were considerably more likely to report diminished trust in relationships and reduced optimism about the future. These findings underline the interconnected roles of family and peer environments in shaping student mental health and carry implications for counselling services and family-oriented interventions in Kerala's higher education institutions.

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parental pressure; peer influence; mental well-being; undergraduate students; Kerala; family structure

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Generation Z has emerged as the first truly digital-native generation, transforming the nature, organization, and impact of student protest movements across the world. Unlike earlier generations, Generation Z combines social media mobilization with conventional forms of collective action, enabling rapid dissemination of information, transnational solidarity, and decentralized leadership. While digital platforms have expanded democratic participation and civic engagement, they have also intensified political polarization, misinformation, and the potential for protest escalation. Against this backdrop, the present study comparatively examines contemporary Generation Z student protest movements across selected countries--including India, the United States, Bangladesh, France, Serbia, and Indonesia--to understand variations in protest characteristics, ethical conduct, digital mobilization, and state responses. The study adopts a comparative cross-national qualitative research design supported by secondary data drawn from peer-reviewed literature, policy documents, government reports, media archives, and international human rights organizations. Using thematic content analysis, the study investigates four key dimensions: (i) the socio-political triggers of student protests, (ii) the role of digital platforms in mobilization and organization, (iii) adherence to or departure from principles of protest ethics, and (iv) governmental responses ranging from dialogue and negotiation to coercive policing and legal restrictions. The findings suggest that Generation Z student movements generally originate through peaceful digital mobilization centered on demands for educational justice, democratic accountability, and social equity. However, the trajectory of protests differs significantly across countries depending on political context, institutional responsiveness, and the nature of state intervention. Countries that prioritized dialogue, transparency, and participatory engagement were more likely to experience peaceful protest outcomes, whereas delayed responses, excessive use of force, or restrictive measures frequently contributed to protest escalation and social conflict. The study also demonstrates that digital technologies function as a double-edged sword, simultaneously facilitating democratic participation and accelerating polarization, misinformation, and emotional mobilization. The paper argues that sustainable governance of contemporary student movements requires balancing constitutional rights to peaceful protest with the responsibility to maintain public order through ethical, transparent, and proportionate state responses. By integrating perspectives from digital activism, social movement theory, protest ethics, and democratic governance, the study contributes to the growing scholarship on Generation Z political participation and offers policy recommendations for educational institutions and governments seeking constructive engagement with contemporary student activism.

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Generation Z, Student Protest Movements, Digital Activism, Protest Ethics, Cross-National Comparative Study, State Responses, Social Movements, Higher Education.

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Sahaj Samadhi: Raman Maharshi

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Sahaj Samadhi: Raman Maharshi

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Ayurveda has given importance to skin diseases since the era of Veda. Dadru is a disease affecting the Twak with symptoms of Kandu, Mandala and Pidaka. It is a Kaphapitta Pradhana, where the symptom closely resembles with symptoms of Tinea infection. Dadru Kushta is due to consumption of Ati Amlalavana Sevana, Ati Snigdha and Drava Ahara Sevana and subjects who are taking Dadhi and Matsya with Kshira which leads to aggravation of Pitta and Kapha Doshas which causes derangement on the skin. In Ayurvedic classics, Virechana (purgation), Raktamokshna (bloodletting) and Shamana chikitsa (action remedy) will help to cure Dadru (fungal infection). Here we will discuss about Nidana (causative factors), Samprapti (etiopathogenesis), Lakshan (clinical features), Chikitsa (treatment), Pathya-Apathya and preventive methods of Dadru kushta (fungal infection).

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Dadru kushtha,tinea , Kshudra kushtha, kapha pitta dominance.

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Abstract This paper reconstructs the role of the Second Congress Ministry (1946-1947) in laying the foundations of industrialisation in Orissa and analyses the evolution of state policy and resource management up to 1977. Drawing on Five-Year Plan documents, the Industrial Policy Resolutions, and state financial records, it traces how national planning priorities were translated into provincial investment and how Orissa's mineral endowment was progressively harnessed through public and joint-sector enterprises. The study argues that Orissa's industrial trajectory during this period was substantially shaped by decisions made at the Centre--through the Industrial Policy Resolutions of 1948 and 1956 and the sequencing of Five-Year Plan allocations--rather than by autonomous provincial initiatives. The resulting pattern of investment produced a strategically lopsided model of industrialisation, with public investment concentrated in capital-intensive, mineral-based heavy industries such as steel, coal, hydroelectric power, and fertiliser production. While these investments transformed Orissa into a major industrial and mineral-producing state, they also resulted in weak industrial diversification, persistent regional disparities, limited employment generation, and inadequate value addition within the state.

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Orissa, Five-Year Plans, Industrial Policy Resolution, Rourkela Steel Plant, Hirakud, public sector enterprise

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This paper explores "The Fruit of My Woman" by Han Kang through the lens of Posthumanism, examining the destabilization of the human-nonhuman boundary in the narrative. The story depicts the gradual transformation of a woman into a plant-like entity, narrated through the perspective of her husband. Rather than presenting the metamorphosis as a pathological condition, the narrative invites readers to reconsider rigid definitions of the human body, agency and identity. Drawing on posthumanist frameworks that challenge anthropocentric thinking, this paper argues that the protagonist's transformation critiques human exceptionalism and patriarchal control over the female body. The woman's becoming-plant can be interpreted as a form of resistance against social expectations and normative human identity. Through this vegetal metamorphosis, the story foregrounds alternative modes of existence that blur the boundaries between human, nature and object. Furthermore, the narrative perspective--filtered through the husband's confusion and discomfort--reveals the limitations of human-centered perception when confronted with nonhuman forms of life and agency. The paper ultimately argues that the story presents a compelling exploration of posthuman subjectivity, where the dissolution of the human form opens possibilities for reimagining embodiment and coexistence with the nonhuman world.

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Posthumanism, Human-Nonhuman Boundary, Metamorphosis, Feminine Embodiment.

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This paper looks at how Kazuo Ishiguro uses memory in his novels to explore questions of moral responsibility. Focusing on The Remains of the Day (1989), Never Let Me Go (2005), and An Artist of the Floating World (1986), the study shows that Ishiguro's characters remember the past in ways that are selective and emotionally charged. In The Remains of the Day, Stevens's memories act as a kind of repression, allowing him to avoid facing his role in political wrongdoing. In Never Let Me Go, Kathy H.'s memories give dignity to the clones and resist the way society tries to erase their humanity. In An Artist of the Floating World, Ono's unreliable memories reveal the struggle between pride and guilt in postwar Japan, showing how memory can both hide and expose the truth. By connecting these novels to ideas from trauma studies and narrative ethics, the paper argues that Ishiguro turns memory into an ethical tool. His fiction suggests that remembering and forgetting are not just personal acts but moral choices that affect both individuals and societies.

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- Kazuo Ishiguro, memory, moral responsibility, trauma studies, narrative ethics, selective recollection, repression, resistance, dignity, guilt, postwar Japan

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Mental health nurses constitute a vital component of the healthcare workforce, delivering comprehensive care to individuals experiencing psychiatric disorders, emotional distress, substance use disorders, and psychosocial crises. Their responsibilities extend beyond direct patient care to include therapeutic communication, crisis intervention, patient advocacy, multidisciplinary collaboration, and family support. These complex roles expose mental health nurses to prolonged occupational stress, emotional exhaustion, compassion fatigue, workplace violence, ethical dilemmas, staffing shortages, and increasing administrative responsibilities. Persistent exposure to these stressors contributes significantly to burnout, negatively affecting nurses' physical and psychological well-being, job satisfaction, patient safety, quality of care, and organizational performance. Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished personal accomplishment, has become a major concern in psychiatric healthcare settings worldwide. Despite these challenges, resilience has emerged as a protective factor that enables nurses to adapt positively to adversity, maintain professional competence, and continue delivering compassionate, patient-centered care. Individual resilience, combined with supportive workplace environments, effective leadership, and organizational interventions, plays a crucial role in reducing stress and preventing burnout. This article reviews the current evidence regarding occupational stress, burnout, and resilience among mental health nurses. It discusses the major workplace stressors, prevalence of burnout, consequences for nurses and patients, factors influencing resilience, and evidence-based coping strategies at both individual and organizational levels. Furthermore, the article highlights the importance of leadership, continuing professional development, psychological support, and healthy work environments in promoting resilience and improving workforce sustainability. Strengthening resilience through comprehensive interventions is essential for enhancing nurses' well-being, improving patient outcomes, and ensuring high-quality mental health services

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Mental health nursing, occupational stress, burnout, resilience, compassion fatigue, psychological well-being, coping strategies, psychiatric nursing

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Community participation has been identified as a fundamental requirement for the promotion and attainment of sustainable tourism development. However, the involvement of local communities, especially those in remote and tribal areas, in the planning, governance, and decision-making processes related to tourism is generally limited, despite the increasing importance of tourism as a source of income. The present study aims at identifying the major economic, sociocultural, institutional, infrastructural, and skill-related barriers to community participation in tourism development in the tribal regions of Kinnaur and Spiti of Himachal Pradesh, India. A mixed-method research approach was adopted in the present study, and primary data were collected from 250 local community members through structured questionnaires. The results indicate that the five most important obstacles to community participation in tourism development in the study area are the lack of professional skills and training in tourism, lack of financial support, seasonality of tourism income, exclusion of local communities from tourism planning and decision-making, and the domination of the tourism sector by elites. The study recommends the need for authorities to undertake appropriate tourism policymaking to reduce these barriers.

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Community Participation, Sustainable Tourism Development, Tourism Barriers, Tourism Planning, Tribal Communities

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Pain is one of the most common and distressing symptoms experienced by hospitalized children. Despite advancements in pediatric healthcare, pain in children often remains under-recognized and inadequately managed because of developmental differences, communication barriers, and misconceptions regarding children's perception of pain. Effective pain assessment and management are essential components of quality pediatric nursing care, as uncontrolled pain can negatively affect physiological stability, emotional well-being, recovery, and long-term development. Pediatric nurses play a pivotal role in assessing, monitoring, documenting, and managing pain through evidence-based pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions while advocating for child- and family-centered care. This article reviews the concept of pediatric pain, common pain assessment tools, nursing responsibilities, pharmacological and complementary pain management strategies, challenges in pediatric pain management, and recommendations for improving nursing practice. A multidisciplinary and family-centered approach supported by continuous education and standardized protocols can significantly improve pain outcomes among hospitalized children.

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Pediatric pain, pain assessment, hospitalized children, nursing care, pain management, FLACC scale, Wong-Baker Faces Scale, pediatric nursing

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