Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Bedaquiline, a novel diarylquinoline, has emerged as a beacon of hope in the battle against drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). This review explores the journey of bedaquiline from its discovery to its current role in therapy, highlighting its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety profile. The rising global burden of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) underscores the urgent need for effective treatments. Bedaquiline, approved by the FDA in 2012, represents a paradigm shift with its ability to target the mycobacterial ATP synthase, essential for bacterial energy production. Clinical trials have demonstrated its superiority in improving treatment outcomes when included in regimens for MDR-TB and XDR-TB. However, challenges remain, including concerns over cardiac safety and the optimal integration of bedaquiline into existing treatment protocols. This review synthesizes current evidence and discusses future directions for optimizing the use of bedaquiline to combat TB drug resistance globally.

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Bedaquiline, tuberculosis, drug resistance, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, ATP synthase, resistance mechanisms.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study explores how machine learning techniques can classify text data as either human-written or AI-generated. The research uses a dataset containing 6,000 texts, evenly split between human and AI-generated samples. Key objectives include preprocessing the data, conducting exploratory data analysis (EDA), training models, and thorough evaluation. Text data underwent detailed preprocessing steps such as tokenization, removal of stop words and punctuation, and lemmatization. EDA revealed insights into distributions of text lengths and labels, highlighting significant differences between human and AI-generated texts. Two models, Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression, were trained on the processed dataset. Logistic Regression outperformed with 98% accuracy on a separate test set. Metrics for AI-generated texts showed precision, recall, and F1-score at 98%, 95%, and 97%, respectively, showcasing its strong ability to distinguish between human and AI-generated content. The results emphasize the effectiveness of advanced text preprocessing and machine learning models in accurately identifying text origins. Logistic Regression emerged as the preferred model due to its high accuracy and comprehensive performance metrics, making it a dependable tool for distinguishing between human and AI-generated content across various applications.

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Written text, text generation, Machine learning

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A survey was made on the farmers' rice fields to study the insect pests and their natural enemy complex in rice ecosystem of eastern Vidarbha of Maharashtra, India. In both kharif (wet) and rabi (dry) seasons a pest complex of 23 insect pests belonging to 7 orders and 14 families was recorded and identified. Of all these, 4 pest species viz., yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulus (Walker), leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guen.), brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) and whitebacked planthopper, Sogatela furcifera (Horvath) were infesting rice crop very commonly and thus representing major pest status. The incidence of S. incertulus in the rabi season was much higher than that of the kharif season. The peak density of C. medinalis in the kharif season was much higher than that of the rabi season. The incidence of N. lugens and S. furcifera during rabi season were much lower as compared to the kharif season. The infestation of S. furcifera was noticed at an early stage of the crop growth whereas the BPH appeared in appreciable number at the grain filling stage of crop causing heavy loss. About 11 parasitoids and 23 predatory insects and spiders were active and effectively regulating the populations of all the four major pests. Among the parasitic wasps Apantales spp., Trichomma cnaphalocrosis, Ophius spp. and Temelucha spp. appeared frequently in the rice fields and out of 23 predators, dragonflies, damselfly, Agriocnemis femina, lady bird beetles, Micraspis discolor and Hormonia octamaculata, rove beetle, Paederus fuscipes and ground beetle, Ophionia indica were found to be abundantly predating on immature and mature stages of major and minor pests. Among the 4 species of spiders recorded as non-insect predators, L. pseudoannulata was found to be predominant species predating on all types of pests. The abundance of dragonflies, lady bird beetle, M. discolor and rove beetle, P. fuscipes was more in rabi than in kharif season whereas spiders and ground beetle, C. indica were dominant during kharif season. The findings of present study may help in Integrated Pest Management technique to control the major insect pests of rice ecosystem.

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Eastern Vidarbha, farmers' fields, kharif, natural enemies, pests complex, rabi.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT o Background: Stroke is the second largest cause of death in middle-to-high-income nations and the main cause of acquired physical disability in people globally. It is a significant global health problem and a major cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries, and increasingly in low-middle income countries. Many stroke survivors experience the incapacitating feeling of fatigue, which is a predictor of death following stroke start. Post stroke fatigue is one of the common complications, with prevalence of 16-74%. Post stroke fatigue is multidimensional motor-perceptive, emotional and cognitive experience that effects the activities of daily living. It presents itself as lack of energy, helplessness and excessive burn out. It may be the reason for depression. It is different from the normal fatigue which ameliorates on rest. This type of fatigue persists even after neurological recovery in stroke patients. The PSF is associated with functional deficits and participation restrictions in the activities of daily living (ADL) and leads to a lower quality of life. o Purpose: To study the effects of vestibular rehabilitation on post stroke fatigue and quality of life. o Methodology: Participants were briefed about the nature of the study and the intervention. Their informed written consent was taken. 30 participants were selected based on the selection criteria. Prior and after the treatment the outcome measures that is Fatigue severity scale and Stroke specific quality of life scale were taken. Intervention protocol was given for 1 hour, 3times a week for 8 weeks. o Result: The p-value after paired t tests in both groups is less than 0.05 which indicates the strong evidence that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of fatigue and quality of life in stroke patients after vestibular rehabilitation. o Conclusion: The present study concluded that there is significant improvement in post stroke fatigue and quality of life in stroke patients after vestibular rehabilitation

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Stroke, post stroke fatigue, quality of life, vestibular rehabilitation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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With the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years, technology has made surveillance smarter. AI-powered cameras and surveillance systems can now perform many tasks independently and effectively act as highly intelligent surveillance tools. However, the widespread use of these AI surveillance systems raises serious concerns about individual privacy rights. This study delves into the interplay between AI surveillance and privacy to reveal the intricacies and challenges that arise in this changing field. This research aims to deepen the understanding of ethics, law, and influence in society by investigating the various effects of cognitive skills on self-evaluation. Its goal is to provide better understanding for policymakers, legal experts, and technologists as they consider the balance between security needs and personal privacy rights in the digital age.

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- AI Surveillance, Privacy Rights, Ethical Implications, Legal Framework, Technological Impact.

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Rajasthan's cultural landscape is enriched by a multitude of religious beliefs and practices, many of which are intertwined with the worship of local deities. These deities, often associated with specific communities or regions, hold a significant place in the spiritual lives of the people. This paper explores the religious diversity of Rajasthan, focusing on the worship of local deities and the songs dedicated to them. Drawing upon ethnographic research and musical analysis, the paper illuminates the role of music in the veneration of local deities and its cultural significance.

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Rajasthan, religion, local deities, folk songs, cultural heritage

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Father of Nation Mahamanab Mahatma Gandhi called Bapuji who had champion for his thought & ideology on Aahmisa, Truth and Non-violence etc. Our country India basically gets its Independent in way of Non-violence and Non-cooperation manner. For every independent country, there must require a legend law of the nation that is Constitution, for day to day smoothly functioning of the state. Our nation India also recognized its supreme law of the land in the year of 1950 January 26th and declared India as a sovereign, democratic & republic country. Our country India that is Bharat world's biggest democratic county and its constitution has world's lengthiest written constitution. India is a country where there are diversity reflect in culture, language, food habit, custom & tradition in every aspect of life but there is unity we are all Bharatiya , our mother law constitution binding all of us as a Bharatiya. This constitution was not passed or prepared by Parliament; It was made by the Constituent Assembly i.e. we the people of Bharat, which was constituted in the year 1946, before independent of our Country. There were 389 members in constituent assembly but Mahatma Gandhi was not member or directly participated of this assembly, but his thought & ideology took part in our constitution and these principles are reflect in the Preamble, Fundamental Rights , Directive Principal of State Policy, Fundamental duties and any other part of the constitution. Gandhi's ideology not only occupied a vital position in our constitution but also reflect in various rules, regulations, five year plan, foreign relation, foreign policy, Agreement, treaty, in make in India , Swachha Bharat Abhiyan and in present days in G-20 of Bharat also. This paper proposes to highlight the Gandhian Principles and Ideology which are took part our constitution and how these principle are helpful not only person's but also nation's character building process as well as globally reflect.

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Truth, Non-violence, Peace, Village Panchyat, Equality, abolition of Untouchability, and Swwacha Bharat etc

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Smoothie bowls offer the chance to combine flavors, textures, and appearance while preserving the nutritional value. Due to the abundance of fiber, good fats, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other phyto-nutrients human system can utilize it in a well manner which can provide us nourishment for many hours. The present study is giving insights about the different smoothie bowls along with the recipes and the provision of health benefits in our day to day life. Now a day, Smoothie bowls become a trend among everyone because of its convenience and hassle free preparation and the satiety value. This study is basically focusing on the weight management therapy with smoothie bowl as obesity and under nutrition are the two major problems in the developed and developing countries. This malnutrition can lead to different types of lifestyle co-morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes and so on. So to tackle the malnutrition, smoothie bowl can be a dietary approach in the present day lifestyle.

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Smoothie Bowls, Weight Management, Malnutrition, Phytonutrients, Convenience Food. Well Being.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) serve as intricate systems that integrate hardware, networking, and application domains, revolutionizing various fields with their pervasive nature. Within this context, this review aims to delve into the multifaceted components and challenges within the realm of WSNs, providing a comprehensive exploration. The focal points include examining the intricate communication protocols that form the backbone of WSNs and elucidating the myriad applications across domains such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, and industrial IoT. This exploration also encompasses a critical analysis of the challenges faced in WSNs, touching upon energy efficiency, security concerns, scalability issues, and data processing intricacies. Furthermore, this review navigates through the factors that significantly influence the design of sensor networks, internal system considerations crucial for WSN operation, and indispensable network services. A clustering technique is one of the most effective methods for saving energy and extending the lifespan of a network. The nodes of homogeneous WSNs typically possess similar resources, while nodes of heterogeneous WSNs tend to have varying energy levels, making clustering effective as a method to extend the lifetime of the network by selecting the cluster head node based on the energy level of each node. It emphasizes the pivotal role WSNs play across various applications and domains, highlighting their potential in shaping future technological advancements. In essence, this review seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of the complexities and opportunities inherent in WSNs, providing a solid foundation for understanding their significance and the evolving landscape of this dynamic field.

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Wireless Sensor Networks, Communication Protocols, Network Layers, Energy Efficiency, Security, Scalability, clustering, and cluster head selection.

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The 2007 Act for Senior Citizens' Maintenance and Welfare is a comprehensive legislative framework that offers vital financial, healthcare, and social assistance to senior citizens for further improvement and fostering understanding of compassion and active aging can better assist senior citizens and benefit from supporting and fostering relationships across generations, and knowledge and older individuals remain engaged and valued in society and the act provides a substantial legal framework for comprehensive elderly assistance, challenges necessitate revisions of laws to better cater to this vital population

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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senior citizen, elderly care, legislation, senior citizen, financial support, mentoring

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition