Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Our study deals with the anti-microbial activities, synthesis, properties and spectroscopic characterization of five membered ring containing heterocyclic compounds. Naphthol and their substituted derivatives are the novel series of cyclic compounds which contains sulphur and nitrogen heteroatoms. These compounds shows anti-bacterial as well as anti-fungal activities compound are synthesized by various methods. The structures of heterocyclic compounds are described by FT-IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR etc, techniques. These derived heterocyclic compounds shows anti-bacterial activities against various Gram positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria, whereas, anti-fungal activities against the Candida species, Aspergillus species and Albigo species.

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 Keywords

Heterocyclic compounds, Naphthaol, Substituted Naphthol, anti-bacterial activity, anti- fungal activity, substituted reaction, Thiazole etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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: Poshan Abhiyaan, Antenatal Mothers, Knowledge, Maternal Nutrition, Public Health, Health Education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Deepfakes are an emerging form of artificial intelligence that is transforming digital communication and media production. They offer several benefits, including creating entertainment content, improving film production through digital characters, and supporting healthcare by assisting doctors in communicating with remote patients. At the same time, deepfakes pose serious risks. They can be used to spread misinformation, manipulate public opinion, commit fraud, and misuse a person's identity without consent. These concerns have prompted many countries to introduce regulations, such as restricting the use of deepfakes in elections and requiring AI-generated content to be clearly labeled. This study examines the legal challenges posed by deepfakes and recommends dedicated legislation, stronger liability standards, and effective regulatory frameworks to prevent misuse while encouraging responsible innovation. It emphasizes the need for the law to keep pace with advances in artificial intelligence and safeguard individual rights and public trust. Recognizing both the opportunities and the risks associated with deepfakes, this study proposes a number of policy recommendations aimed at reducing their misuse while preserving their legitimate and creative applications. It argues for the introduction of dedicated legislation, stronger liability standards, and comprehensive regulatory frameworks to address the legal challenges created by deepfake technology. As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, the law must also adapt to ensure that technological innovation is balanced with the protection of individual rights, public trust, and democratic values.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Deep fake technology, unfair trade practices, Misleading advertisements, AI generated content, regulatory gap, fake endorsement, market manipulation etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pharmacological significance and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Lemna minor against D-GalN-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. The plant material was extracted using ethanol and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins. The percentage yield of ethanolic extract was found to be 8.25% w/w. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated as 0.57 mg/100 mg and 0.92 mg/100 mg respectively, indicating the antioxidant potential of the extract. Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by assessing biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, and bilirubin levels in D-GalN-induced hepatotoxic rats. Administration of D-GalN significantly elevated liver enzyme and bilirubin levels while decreasing albumin concentration, indicating severe hepatic injury. Treatment with Lemna minor extract at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly restored altered biochemical parameters toward normal values in a dose-dependent manner. The higher dose exhibited marked hepatoprotective activity comparable to the standard drug silymarin. The hepatoprotective effect of Lemna minor may be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds possessing antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties. The study concludes that Lemna minor possesses significant hepatoprotective potential and may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent for the management of hepatic disorders.

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Lemna minor, Hepatoprotective activity, D-GalN, Hepatic steatosis, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Silymarin, Liver enzymes, Antioxidant activity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Biomedical waste (BMW), also referred to as hospital waste or clinical waste, is an inevitable byproduct of medical and healthcare activities. As the healthcare industry evolves and expands to meet the needs of an increasing population, so too does the volume and complexity of the waste it generates. While healthcare institutions are centers of healing and care, they are also significant contributors to the generation of hazardous waste that can pose serious health and environmental threats if not managed properly. Design: quasi experimental research design. Sampling Technique: Purposive sampling technique. Population: All health care workers. Sample: 60 health care workers. Setting: Lions general hospital. Intervention: structure teaching programme on hospital waste management. Result: pre-test and post-test mean scores, standard deviation, mean difference, and 't' value among the participants (N = 60). The mean pre-test score was 6.78 with a standard deviation of 4.52, whereas the mean post-test score increased to 18.93 with a standard deviation of 3.87. The mean difference between pre-test and post-test scores was 12.15. The calculated 't' value was 18.5, which is highly significant (p < 0.001). This indicates that there was a statistically significant improvement in the knowledge scores of participants after the intervention, demonstrating the effectiveness of the teaching program. Keywords: Effectiveness, Structured Teaching Programme, Hospital Waste Management, Health Care Workers, Hospitals.

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A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS WORKING IN LIONS GENERAL HOSPITAL, MEHSANA

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The present study was carried out to evaluate the pharmacological activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) leaves against salt-induced hypertension in experimental rats. The leaves were extracted using hydroalcoholic solvent and subjected to phytochemical screening and biochemical evaluation. Preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, diterpenes, phenolic compounds, proteins, and carbohydrates. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also estimated and found to be significant. Hypertension was induced in rats using 18% NaCl, and the animals were treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Captopril (60 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. Biochemical parameters including serum creatinine, AST, ALT, sodium, and potassium levels were evaluated. The hypertensive control group showed significant elevation in creatinine, AST, ALT, and sodium levels with reduction in potassium levels. Treatment with Punica granatum extract significantly restored these altered biochemical parameters toward normal values in a dose-dependent manner. The higher dose (200 mg/kg) exhibited pronounced antihypertensive and protective activity comparable to the standard drug. The study concluded that hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum leaves possesses significant antihypertensive, nephroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities, which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential.

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 Keywords

Punica granatum, Hypertension, Hydroalcoholic extract, Antihypertensive activity, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Captopril, Biochemical parameters, Antioxidant activity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Role of Supply Chain Management in Optimizing Working Capital : A case study of Tata Steel ABSTRACT This study examines the role of Supply Chain Management (SCM) in optimizing working capital, with a specific focus on Tata Steel. In capital-intensive industries like steel, efficient management of working capital is crucial for maintaining liquidity, profitability, and operational stability. The research explores how effective SCM practices--such as inventory management, supplier coordination, demand forecasting, and logistics optimization--contribute to minimizing working capital requirements while ensuring uninterrupted production and distribution. The study adopts a case study approach, analyzing Tata Steel's supply chain strategies to understand their impact on key working capital components, including inventory levels, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. By integrating advanced technologies, streamlined procurement systems, and strategic supplier relationships, Tata Steel has been able to reduce lead times, improve cash flow cycles, and enhance overall efficiency. The research highlights the company's use of just-in-time inventory practices, digital tracking systems, and strong vendor management as critical factors in optimizing working capital. Furthermore, the study investigates the challenges faced in aligning supply chain operations with financial objectives, such as demand variability, global supply disruptions, and fluctuating raw material prices. It also evaluates how Tata Steel addresses these challenges through risk management strategies and adaptive supply chain frameworks. The findings suggest that a well-integrated SCM system plays a vital role in reducing excess inventory, accelerating receivables, and optimizing payables, thereby improving the working capital cycle. The study concludes that organizations can achieve sustainable financial performance by aligning supply chain strategies with working capital management objectives. This research provides valuable insights for manufacturing firms seeking to enhance operational efficiency and financial health through effective supply chain practices. Keywords Supply Chain Management, Working Capital Optimization, Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), Inventory Turnover, Debtors Turnover, Creditors Turnover, Correlation Analysis, Financial Performance

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Supply Chain Management, Working Capital Optimization, Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), Inventory Turnover, Debtors Turnover, Creditors Turnover, Correlation Analysis, Financial Performance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Corporate gifting in India has grown from a seasonal courtesy into a structured marketing and HR function. The organised segment is now worth over Rs. 12,000-18,000 crore and is expanding two to three times faster than consumer gifting. Even so, most of what is on offer is generic and mass-produced, carrying little cultural or emotional meaning and easy for competitors to copy. India's craft economy faces a different problem. It supports more than seven million artisans and several critically endangered art traditions, but suffers from weak market links and the real risk that skills will not pass to the next generation. This paper enquires whether one entrepreneurial model can bridge both gaps at once. Using the heritage-based corporate gifting venture "Kala Vistaar"( Craft expansion) as a conceptual case, the study looks at the venture's business model rather than its product catalogue. The Business Model Canvas serves as the main analytical lens, and a unit-economics and break-even assessment tests financial viability. The analysis works through the model across its value proposition, customer segments, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, activities, partnerships and cost structure, and places it within the literature on relationship-based gifting, cultural entrepreneurship and inclusive 'bottom-of-the-pyramid' enterprise. The findings suggest that a culturally anchored, artisan-collaborated gifting model can hold gross margins in the 55-63% range, reach operational break-even within the first year on a lean initial investment of about Rs. 3.5 lakh, and grow revenue from roughly Rs. 18 lakh to Rs. 75 lakh over three years. Artisan income sits directly inside the cost of goods sold rather than being treated as philanthropy. The paper concludes that heritage-based corporate gifting is a commercially viable and socially defensible form of cultural entrepreneurship, one where craft preservation is paid for by commerce, and it sets out directions for experiential testing.

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Corporate Gifting, Heritage Entrepreneurship, Business Model, Business Model Canvas, Cultural Entrepreneurship, Artisan Livelihood, Social Enterprise, Bottom of the Pyramid

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most influential technological developments of the twenty-first century, transforming education, employment, healthcare, governance, entertainment, and social interaction. Generation Z, broadly defined as individuals born between 1997 and 2012, represents the first generation to mature in an environment where AI is integrated into everyday life. AI-powered applications, including generative AI, virtual assistants, recommendation algorithms, and automated decision-making systems, have significantly enhanced opportunities for learning, innovation, and entrepreneurship. However, these developments have also generated socio-legal concerns relating to privacy, data protection, misinformation, algorithmic bias, cybercrime, employment displacement, and intellectual property rights. This paper critically examines the interaction between AI and Generation Z from a socio-legal perspective. It evaluates the adequacy of India's constitutional and statutory framework in addressing AI-related challenges, analyses emerging international regulatory models, and proposes reforms to ensure that technological innovation is balanced with the protection of human rights, democratic values, and legal accountability.

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Artificial Intelligence, Generation Z, Socio-Legal Research, Digital Rights, Privacy, Data Protection, AI Governance, Legal Accountability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Language plays a crucial role in the administration of justice, as it serves as the principal means through which legal norms are communicated, interpreted, and enforced. In a multilingual country such as India, linguistic diversity enriches the legal system but also presents significant challenges in ensuring equal access to justice. Although the Constitution of India recognizes multiple languages and provides safeguards for linguistic minorities, English continues to dominate judicial proceedings, particularly in the Supreme Court and most High Courts. This linguistic reality often creates obstacles for individuals who are not proficient in English, restricting their ability to understand legal processes, participate effectively in court proceedings, and access judicial remedies. The existence of language barriers may adversely affect procedural fairness, increase dependence on legal professionals and interpreters, and hinder meaningful participation in the justice delivery system. Such challenges are particularly pronounced among rural populations, economically weaker sections, and linguistic minorities. This article examines the constitutional and statutory framework governing the use of language in Indian courts and evaluates the impact of linguistic barriers on the realization of access to justice and fair trial rights. It further explores the potential of technological innovations, including artificial intelligence-based translation and interpretation tools, in addressing these challenges. The study argues for a more inclusive linguistic approach within the judiciary through the expansion of regional language usage, strengthening of interpretation services, development of multilingual legal resources, and adoption of plain legal language. These measures are essential for creating a justice system that is accessible, transparent, and responsive to India's linguistic diversity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Language Rights, Access to Justice, Judicial System, Legal Language, Multilingualism.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition