Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The National Education Policy 2020 emphasizes the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the teaching-learning process, with a focus on blended learning approaches. One such approach advocated by NEP 2020 is the use of the flipped classroom model. In this study, the effect of the flipped classroom model on students' achievement in Urdu was investigated. Employing an experimental method with a non-equivalent post-test control group design, students from a school in Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh, were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group. The analysis revealed a significant effect of the treatment on achievement scores in Urdu, even after controlling for pre-test scores. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the flipped classroom intervention in optimizing learning outcomes.

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 Keywords

Flipped Classroom, Language Teaching, Urdu Language and Achievement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India committed itself seven decades ago to building an inclusive, pluralistic, and secular society that equitably integrates its religious minorities while respecting their distinct identities and honoring differences. This commitment is particularly significant for the country's largest minority community, Muslims, who constitute 13.4 percent of the population and are also socially, economically, and educationally disadvantaged. Muslim minorities face social exclusion, manifesting in segregation across social, political, economic, cultural, and educational spheres. This exclusion demands reorganization through affirmative action. Religious minorities are among the most vulnerable segments of Indian society, with Muslim minorities being especially affected. They deserve social justice and equity comparable to other disadvantaged groups, including Dalits and OBCs. There is a pressing need to include Muslim minorities in the mainstream of the nation's economic development, a goal underscored by the Eleventh Plan. This paper reviews the current status of Muslim minorities in India and critically analyzes their socio-economic and educational representation. It also offers recommendations for the inclusion of Muslim minorities into the government's development agenda, emphasizing the necessity of inclusive policies.

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Keywords: Religious Identity, Discrimination, Marginalization, Stigmatization, Affirmative action, Community Engagement.

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Many researchers, engineers, and environmentalists are expressing deep concern about the changes in the overall climate of the planet. Fossil fuels are being continuously used for electricity generation. The burning of these fuels produces gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide that cause global warming. Temperatures are also rising due to deforestation. The threat of global warming is continuously causing great harm to the earth's environment. Most people are still unaware of global warming and do not consider it a major problem in the coming years. Most people do not understand that global warming is currently taking place, and we are already experiencing some of its devastating effects. It will and will severely affect the ecosystem and disturb the ecological balance. Due to the deadly effects of global warming, some solutions must be found. This paper introduces global warming, explains its causes and dangers in detail, and presents some solutions to solve this burning issue. Above all, alternative energy sources (solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass) need to be seriously adopted. Finding and using renewable sources of energy is one way to effectively tackle the ever-increasing global warming.

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climate, fossil fuels, deforestation, global warming, alternative energy sources

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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An Ode is a long lyric poem, serious in subject, elevated in style and elaborate in its stanzaic structure. Keats' great Odes have immortalized his name---Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to Melancholy and Ode to Autumn to name a few of them. These stand testimony to his marvellous poetic creativity. The Odes of Keats created a new class of lyrical poetry with imaginative richness and eloquence of feeling and passion, pulsating with beauty, truth and joy which life revealed to his poetical genius. 1820 forms the Annus Mirabilis of Keats' poetic creativity as all his odes were written around 1819, and published at this time. Robert Bridges in John Keats: A Critical Essay writes: "had Keats left us only his Odes, his rank among the poets would not be lower than it is, for they have stood apart in literature". He breathes "the spirit of Shakespeare", avers A.C. Bradley in 'Oxford Lectures on Poetry'. Ode to Autumn, the last ode written by him is a Horation ode ---- calm, meditative and philosophic. The characteristics of Keats' poetry are: Nature, Beauty, Hellenism, Romance and personal poetic mood. These are found in the odes in different measure. Ode to Autumn can be classed as an ode on Nature and presents the principle of beauty in Nature. Autumn is described as "chaste weather" in one of his letters to Reynolds. In this ode he paints the Bounty and Beauty of the Autumn season and describes it as "seasons of mists and mellow fruitfulness". The features of the season are delineated with vivid pictorial quality and the poem is like a moving pageant or living tableaux, affecting our senses with various impressions. It is unique because usually poets glorify the Spring season; very often Autumn has been deplored as the dying season when the harvest has been reaped and the fields are bare, the trees begin to shed their leaves and flowers wither in anticipation of Winter snow, when Nature seems dead with the trees bare of leaf and creatures hibernating.

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Ode to Autumn - A Close Reading

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Bootstrapping is a fundamental strategy for entrepreneurs to launch and sustain businesses without relying on outside funding. This paper investigates the concept of bootstrapping in entrepreneurship, focusing on its significance, strategies, challenges, and outcomes. However, entrepreneurs face challenges such as slower initial growth, operational constraints, and increased personal financial risk when bootstrapping their businesses. Despite these challenges, successful bootstrapped businesses frequently achieve increased independence, resilience, and long-term viability

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Abstract: Neck pain is reported by many people who are at risk of experiencing musculoskeletal disorders due to muscle stiffness and hypokinetics. Trapezius is common musculoskeletal complaint characterized by pain, stiffness and tightness of the upper trapezius muscle. It is often work related and caused by prolonged static and repetitive work tasks. so This study aim to find out the effectiveness of IFT with iontophoresis in the management of trapezitis so the best and most effectiveness treatment can be followed. Aim: To study the effectiveness of IFT with Iontophoresis in the management of trapezitis with subacute pain. Methodology: A Experimental study was done in which 15 subjects with age group of 18 to 40 years, having mechanical neck pain for atleast 3 months using purposive sampling as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected, statistical analysis was done and results were tabulated. Data Analysis and Result: after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there was statistically significant difference between the pre treatment mean(5.333) and the post treatment mean(2.866) of pain and p-value <0.05 after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there was statistically significant difference between the pre treatment mean(1.8) and the post treatment mean (0.666) of tenderness and p-value <0.05 after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there is statically no significant difference in pre treatment mean(41.333) and post treatment mean(42.333) of cx flexion and p-value >0.05. after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there is statically no significant difference in pre treatment mean(42.666) and post treatment mean(43.666) of cx extension and p-value >0.05. after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there is statically significant difference in pre treatment mean of Contralateral lateral flexion (42.666) and post treatment mean of Contralateral lateral flexion(63.666) and p-value <0.05. there is statically no significant difference in pre treatment mean of Ipsilateral lateral flexion(42.333) and post treatment mean of Ipsilateral lateral flexion(43) and p-value >0.05. after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there is statically no significant difference in pre treatment mean of Ipsilateral cx rotation(62.333) and post treatment mean of Ipsilateral cx rotation(63.8) and p-value >0.05. there is statically no significant difference in pre treatment mean of Contralateral cx rotation(63) and post treatment mean of Contralateral cx rotation(63.8) and p-value >0.05. Conclusion: The study thereby concludes that sodium diclofenac with Interferential therapy is effective for improving pain and range of motion.

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 Keywords

Iontophoresis, IFT, Sodium diclofenac, Trapezius, Goniometer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The objective of the current investigation is to examine the status of ornamental fish diversity in Baralia river,which flows through Baksa&Kamrup(R) district of Assam, India. Surveys were conducted from April 2023 to March 2024. Fish specimens were collected by using standard methods and were subsequently preserved and identified for further study.A total of 38 fish species belonging to 7 orders, 17 families and 28 genera were recorded.The ornamental fishes of Baralia river belongs to following orders Osteoglosiformes (5.1%),Clupeiformes(2.6%),Cypriniformes (25.6%), Siluriformes (25.6%), Beloniformes (2.6%), Symbranchiformes (10.3%), Perciformes (28.2%). Cyprinidae was the dominant family with 9 species followed by Bagridae 5 species and Channidae with 4 species.Two Endangered,Three vulnerable, three near threatened and 30 species under the least concern category were identified based on IUCN status.Natural and Anthropogenic threats may affect the fish population in this river. Unorganised fish collection , Pesticide pollution, garbage disposal are the major cause for the destruction of natural ecosystem in this river.

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Ornamental fish, Baralia River,Baksa, Kamrup(R), Natural & anthropogenic threats.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Trees are the most beautiful, sublime and incredible specimen of nature. But today we are cutting and uprooting them for our benefits and robbing nature of its pristine beauty creating a deep chasm between human-nature relationship. Ruskin Bond the doyen of children's literature in India admires and worships nature. He explores its myriad forms and paints them beautifully on the canvas of his short stories. This paper proposes to study and examine some of the tree tales penned by Bond through an ecocritical perspective and to determine that how skillfully his nature writings render into eco-writings bestowing a dose of eco-optimism to the children.

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Key Words: Nature, Tree tales, Ruskin Bond, Children, Environment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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As the public aesthetic continues to improve and people's self-awareness about clothing grows, unique and diversified clothing is progressively becoming the norm in the market. Enterprises need to reduce the garment design and manufacturing cycle, maximize the design goal value, optimize design resources, and increase the rate at which they utilize innovative aspects of clothing in order to get greater living space. The modular design of clothing creates directed design standards for the design of different clothing components by streamlining the design process, which significantly increases the flexibility and productivity of clothing production. The current inventive development of the garment market is significantly influenced by the modular mode, spanning from design approach to application procedure. As a result, this study investigates the viability of modular garment design in the marketplace, as well as its potential for growth and future directions for this emerging trend in clothing design.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

sustainability, modular garment design and market innovation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This project develops a web-based virtual assistant named JARVIS, inspired by the Iron Man series, utilizing Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis APIs. JARVIS greets users dynamically based on the time of day and responds to voice commands for tasks like opening websites (Google, YouTube, Facebook), conducting web searches, and fetching information from Wikipedia. The system employs event-driven programming to capture and interpret user commands in real-time, triggering actions through conditional statements. It integrates speech synthesis to provide audible responses, enhancing user interaction. Key functionalities include retrieving real-time data such as current time and date, demonstrating practical utility alongside informational queries. The project aims to explore the application of web APIs for voice interaction and showcases potential advancements in natural language processing and AI-driven virtual assistants. By exemplifying these capabilities, it provides insights into the development and implementation of virtual assistant technology in web environments, highlighting its usability and potential for future innovation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Virtual Assistant, Speech Recognition, Speech Synthesis, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Web-based Application, User Interaction, Voice Commands, Artificial Intelligence (AI),User Interface (UI)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition