Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Abstract: Political parties are essential organizations for democracy. Political parties are organized on ideological framework to ascertain certain demands for the people. Frictions, factions, splits and proliferation of parties are continuous process. Ideology, leadership and people aspirations seem to be the major causes for such developments. This paper examines these issues in the AIADMK, a major political party in Tamil Nadu. It specifically examines these issues after 2016. Party leadership was dependent on single and dominant leadership from 1972 to 2016. A collaboration in the form of dual leadership emerged in 2017. However, the condition is not stable as the demand for a single leader is emphasized for various reasons. Pressures from competing groups and leaders are also visible. These issues would affect the electoral alliance the loyalty of the party members greatly. It seems the new leadership has consolidated the party keeping the forthcoming assembly election.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Political party, AIADMK, leadership, electoral alliance, factions

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During an era of widespread focus on how important STEM is, there has persisted a gender imbalance that prevents women from fully coming into their own in scientific endeavors, a shortfall that can slow outstanding research. This study attempts to overcome these obstacles by spreading awareness to children from varied age groups and backgrounds, through interactive seminars that bring to the front the outstanding yet historically repressed work of women in STEM. This methodology distinctly administers questionnaires to gauge the students' perceptions, enabling seminar material to be dynamically adjusted to promote participation and comprehension of gender roles. The most significant findings indicate that students' economic status and family background greatly influence their attitude in favor of boys' access to education. Additionally, rural students have other challenges which lead to reduced exposure to technology in comparison to urban students. Keeping in mind the magnitude of this problem, this research emphasizes the critical role of higher authorities, especially government institutions, in augmenting these activities. Although policies such as the NEP 2020 seek to increase access, drawbacks and failures in their implementation indicate that increased government intervention is needed to augment technology exposure and establish true equal educational settings. In conclusion, this study promotes pro-active, responsive pedagogical approaches and systemic interventions to tackle socioeconomic and spatial inequalities in promoting inclusivity of STEM from early schooling.

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 Keywords

STEM education, Gender disparity, Technological awareness, Student engagement, Rural-Urban divide, Women in STEM

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Bharat Me Local Governes Aur E - Governes Ke Vikash Ka Adhyan

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Bharat Me Local Governes Aur E - Governes Ke Vikash Ka Adhyan

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Ethnobotany is the study of the direct interaction between plants and man in his culture. Ethnobotanical studies focus on the utility of different plant species and their values such as food, medicine, crafts making, essential oil, cultural and spiritual etc. The present study has been carried out in S.G.R.R. (P.G.) College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. A survey was conducted during the winter season (October 2024 - January 2025). Overall, 40 plants were reported among them 2.5% Pteridophytes, 12.5% Gymnosperms, and 85% of Angiosperms. In Angiosperms, different life forms are herbs 14, shrubs 14, trees 11 and climbers 1. Overall, Dicots are contributed by 29 plants, and 7 plants belong to monocot. The study highlights the importance of preserving traditional knowledge and promoting sustainable use of ethnobotanical plants to ensure their continued availability for future generations. Therefore, it is an urgent need for inventorying and recording all ethnobotanical information among diverse ethnic communities.

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Ethnobotany, cultural and spiritual, traditional knowledge, medicine, etc.

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This study examines the impact of port dwell time delays on import lead time volatility in Indian logistics operations using primary data collected from 44 freight forwarding professionals. The analysis integrates descriptive statistics, weighted mean scoring, and chi-square tests to evaluate delay frequency, operational impacts, and statistical associations. Findings indicate that dwell time delays are a structural issue, significantly contributing to delivery schedule disruptions and increased logistics costs. The study also explores the influence of eastern sea route dependency, revealing strong perceptual alignment but limited statistical significance due to sample constraints. The results highlight the need for improved port efficiency, digital clearance systems, and strategic infrastructure development to enhance supply chain reliability

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 Keywords

Port Dwell Time, Import Lead Time Volatility, Indian Ports, Freight Forwarding, Supply Chain Disruptions, Demurrage and Detention Costs, Port Congestion, Logistics Performance, Eastern Sea Route Dependency, Andaman Sea Corridor

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Abstract: A significant number of women undergo episiotomy following vaginal deliveries and require stitches. Management of pain during episiotomy suturing is considered as least significant due to more importance is given to the childbirth whereas the pain felt by the mother is ignored. The objectives of the study were to: to assess the levels of pain and behavioural response experienced by women while undergoing episiotomy suturing in both the experimental and the control group, to compare the results of both the experimental group and control group and to assess whether the use of rectal Diclofenac suppository is effective to reduce pain during episiotomy suturing in the experimental group. A quasi-experimental design (Post Test Only) with a sample size (N=60) were selected using purposive sampling technique. The data were obtained by using a baseline Performa, Pain rating scale and BRWES observation checklist. Statistical analysis is done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. There was significant difference in the mean scores of levels of pain in reduction of pain among women undergoing episiotomy suturing between experimental and control group (T58=2.002, P<0.05). Also, there is significant difference in the mean scores of behavioural responses among women undergoing episiotomy suturing between the experimental and control group (T58=2.002, P<0.05). Hence, Diclofenac rectal suppository is effective in reducing pain and results in positive behavioural response among women undergoing the procedure of episiotomy suturing.

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Effectiveness, Diclofenac rectal suppository, Pain reduction, Episiotomy suturing, Behavioural response.

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This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of the reconfiguration of Dalit feminism through an in-depth analysis of caste, gender, and the politics of illegitimacy as represented in the Marathi novel Akkarmashi. By centering the narrative on the lived realities of Dalit women, whose identities are intricately shaped by the intersecting structures of caste-based oppression and patriarchal gender discrimination, the study foregrounds the necessity of an intersectional approach to feminist theory. The novel's treatment of illegitimacy is examined not simply as a marker of social stigma but as a complex, multifaceted site of resistance where marginalised women assert agency and reclaim their identities against normative societal frameworks. Through this lens, Akkarmashi reveals how illegitimacy becomes a form of political assertion and self-definition within communities often excluded from mainstream feminist and social justice conversations. This paper thus contributes to expanding the conceptual boundaries of Dalit feminism by emphasizing the nuanced negotiations of identity, social exclusion, and empowerment that occur at the crossroads of caste and gender hierarchies.

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Dalit feminism, illegitimacy, caste, gender, sexual politics, representation, Dalit literature

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Between 2022 and 2025, three governments in South Asia fell, not due to elections, coups or traditional opposition parties, but because of leaderless movements organised by youth that used digital platforms to mobilize and call out action. The Aragalaya movement in Sri Lanka (2022), Bangladesh's "Monsoon Uprising" (2024) and Nepal's "Gen Z protests" (2025) had one thing in common: they used encrypted messaging for coordination. The memes and humour were widely used to create a shared identity. These decentralized online groups took on roles such as setting agendas, discussing issues and even selecting leaders which were usually held by formal institutions. This paper gathers around the idea of connective action (Bennett & Segerberg, 2013) and concepts of everyday digital culture (Shifman, 2014). It tries to explain how the events are not just examples of "social media protests" but rather experiments in direct democratic involvement using social media. They represent how networked communities can go beyond voting to assert their sovereignty directly, going beyond ballot box. It shows how closed networks like WhatsApp and open platforms are together forming an alternative political system, simply fuelled by memes. It explores the weaknesses associated with these platforms. Also, assessing the potential risks of control and unclear democratic aspects of governing through these platforms. Additionally, it discusses upon India's satirical "Cockroach Janta Party" (2026)- which emerged due to leaks from competitive exam papers and a moment of disdain among elites within a solid electoral democracy. This case also illustrates how the same connective approach that can spark revolutions during government collapse in countries like Nepal and Bangladesh, can also lead to satire and reform when placed in democracy that is secure.

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 Keywords

connective action, digital democracy, memes, WhatsApp, Gen Z, South Asia, social movements, direct democracy

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This project introduces a real-time, AI-powered system for detecting data download duplication, modification, and authentication issues. Moving beyond traditional hash- based integrity checks, the system employs machine learning models to establish and monitor the behavioral fingerprint of files and their sources. The implementation integrates a crucial Multi Factor Authentication (MFA) layer, requiring users to verify their identity time-sensitive security code before executing sensitive actions like overriding an AI alert or modifying system settings. Key technologies include TensorFlow/Py Torch for AI/ML modeling, a PostgreSQL database for storing file metadata and behavioral data, and a flexible alerting system for notifying users in real time. By integrating advanced analytics with a comprehensive security framework and strong user authentication, this solution aims to significantly enhance data integrity, security, and operational resilience against a wide range of cyber threats and human errors.

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Deduplication, Data Integrity, SHA-256, Modification Detection, Multi-factor Authentication, Data Storage Enhancement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Rural Women's Health, Biopolitics, Intersectionality, Prayagraj, NFHS-6, Health Policy, Sociological Political Economy.

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