Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The top layer of earth known as soil consists of mixture of organic and inorganic particles and does not have greater strength to bear the load. India is a fast-growing nation and construction activities are increased day by day which results in scarcity of land, in order to overcome this problem, we have to improve the properties of soil by using stabilization techniques. In the modern world stabilization of soil becomes important before construction of any engineering project such as building construction, bridges, railways, airports. In order to make the stabilization process economical, the industrial wastes are used to replace the costly stabilizers. This research consists of materials such as RHA and WPS which are the wastes produced from rice husk mill and paper industry. RHA is added to natural soil in different percentages (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%). The optimum percentage of RHA to the soil found to be 8%. The UCS values of natural soil increases from 78.01kN/m2 to 116 kN/m2. After that the WPS is added to soil + 8% RHA mix at different percentages of WPS (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10) %. It was found that optimum value of UCS was found at 5% WPS and UCS value obtained at this percentage is 223.01 KN/m2.

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Rice Husk Ash, Waste paper sludge, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength

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All developed countries maintain good health care system in their country for its citizen's welfare. In New Zealand medical negligence suffered by the patients or their dependents is considered as "personal injury caused by medical treatment". The claims can be made under statutory compensation scheme. It is mandatory to register to practice medicine in New Zealand to ensure competency and fitness of doctor to treat patients. In New Zealand there is public & private healthcare system. The Accident Compensation Act 1972 was originally enacted to cover compensation for personal injury by accident. The ministry of health in New Zealand is committed to patient service free from medical negligence, so the country believes that patients suffering injuries during treatment should get fair, speedy & adequate compensation. So no fault compensation system allows patients to be compensated without burden of running around to courts and bearing litigation costs. The Medical Council of New Zealand is an independent body from Government. To protect the patient rights the council functions independently from the doctors & the govt. To put patient health & safety first, promote & encourage good medical practice; promote fairness & equality and diversity; do job fairly & follow principles of consistency transparency & balance fairly. It sets national standards and assessment for medical education and training. This ardent task of providing justice to the victims of medical negligence in our Country is well laid down in the Constitution of India on the 3 important organs of the state: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary in the Constitution of India. In this need of the hour the principle of No Fault liability can be implemented in India to compensate the patients for failure in duty of care by the medical service providers.

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Medical Negligence, Vicarious Liability, New Zealand Health Care, Accident Compensation Corporation, No- Fault Liability Principle, Treatment Injury

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Abstract- The Present research Proposal aim to investigate the role of Special educator teacher special education for a sustainable future. Special Schools : In special school students are admitted according to t in their ability, criteria of handicaps and impairment. The school impart instruction taking into view the trained and selected teachers. The system of education are feasible in residential schools. Some schools in metropolitan cities are taking this responsibility to make the children more useful for the society. Even now a days the Navodaya Vidyalaya in our country have taken a challenge in experimental basis to admit the superior children of rural and urban areas in their institutions. Besides, the visually, impared, hearing impaired, speech defectives and mentally retarded can get suitable education with the assistance of technological aids, equipments and other necessary provision. For the disabled children the physical plant of the school is made more congenial to suit the individual child with his handcaps. The education imported to the varied groups is considered from the general as well as vocational aspect to make them a more useful citizen of society. Special education is a modified programme which involves some unique tools, techniques and research efforts in improving instructional arrangements to meet the need of exceptional children. It is not a total different programme which is assigned for the normal children. But it adds a sort of design proposed to assist the gifted children, physically and mentally handicapped and socially retarded children. As it is a planned and systematically mentioned arrangement, majority of average children are not grouped into this category of education in sustainable future.Special education can be provided in general schools with some Special education can be provided in general schools with some special arrangement or in special schools the early history of special education was largely a history of separate schools; especially for children who were blind or deaf, whatever the problem, the solution was to put the child in a class with other children having similar problems. This was nothing but to exclude the handicapped from the main stream of the society. Thus separate, became only one of the meanings associated with special education. But as society's response to the handicapped began gradually to shift away from education critics of special classes, began to express doubts and there came special education. In accelerating the special education programme, extra time may be devoted by the same teacher or by an expert in the concerning field when a project is taken for a delinquent child the child may be directed 3 to attend his regular classes. He should also participate all the curricular and co-curricular activities carried out by the school. In addition to this he may be assigned with extra consultation hours in the school with the counsellor or school guidance officer or with the specific teacher to go through his special problems. The children with some difficulties may be included in this class but there is no necessity for the ordinary children to attend it With such kind of designed programmes the exceptional children achieve a great deal success in their personal and academic endeavours children with special needs.

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SPECIAL EDUCATION,SPECIAL SCHOOL,SPECIAL CLASS ROOM ,NPE 1986 AND THE PROGRAMME OF ACTION RELATING IN SPECIAL SCHOOL SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

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ABSTRACT Background: Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease is a condition that occurs when the refluxed stomach contents lead to troublesome symptoms and/or complications. Most of patients with chronic gastro-esophageal reflux disease develop Erosive Esophagitis (EE). Healing of EE, resolution of symptoms and prevention of complications are the treatment goals. The management of GERD is done by gastric acid suppressive therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Here, Pantoprazole and Esomeprazole are used since it provides better efficacy than other PPIs. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Pantoprazole versus Esomeprazole and to assess the medication adherence in erosive gastro-esophageal reflux disease patients. Materials and Methods: The prospective observational comparative study was carried out in 56 patients with GERD. The study was conducted by categorising them into two groups, 28 patients taking Pantoprazole and 28 patients taking Esomeprazole. Initially, Pantoprazole or Esomeprazole were given twice daily for both the groups respectively for two weeks followed by once daily for six weeks. The grading of Reflux Esophagitis is based on the Los Angeles(LA) classification. Symptom severity is assessed by using FSSG Scale. Patient's medication adherence will be assessed by using Adherence to Refill and Medication Scale (ARMS). Patient's quality of life will be measured using GERD-HRQL questionnaire. Result: By using those scales, there shows mild differences between the two groups in the healing rate of reflux esophagitis. The LA grade on comparsion of both the groups, the severity of Esomeprazole group is rapidly decreased compared with Pantoprazole group. Esomeprazole 40mg provided significantly greater healing than Pantoprazole 40mg after 8 weeks of treatment in patients with EE. Conclusion: Esomeprazole is more effective than Pantoprazole for rapid relief of heartburn symptoms and acid reflux symptoms in patients with reflux esophagitis.

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Gastro esophageal reflux disease, Erosive esophagitis, Los Angeles grade, Adherence to refill and medication scale.

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Ion exchange resins (IER) are solid, cross-linked water insoluble polymers with an acidic or basic functional group that can exchange their counter ions within the aqueous solutions surrounding them. Based on the nature of the exchangeable ion they are classified as cationic or anionic exchange resins. Sulfonic and carboxylic resins with a polystyrene backbone are generally used in clinical medicine. Resinates (drug-resin complexes) are generally prepared by conventional batch process and column process and evaluated for drug content,percentage complexation,invitro release studies, stability studies etc. IERs have been used as drug carriers in pharmaceutical dosage forms for sustained release due to their better drug-retaining properties and prevention of dose dumping. Now a days, bitter taste is a major limitation to patient compliance especially among peadiatric and geriatric population . A tasteless complex is formed between the drug and resin, thus the bitter sensation is masked. Research over the last several years has revealed that ion exchange resins have found applications in pharmacy and medicine, delivering purposes such as taste masking ,sustained or controlled drug release,sigmoidal release, enhanced drug dissolution, tablet disintegration etc. Several studies have reported the use of IER for drug delivery at the desired site of action. This review addresses the various types of ion exchange resins, mechanism of loading and unloading of drug into IER, formulation of drug resinates and their pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications.

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Ion exchange resin, Sustained release

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Rosuvastatin calcium is anti-hyperlipidaemic agent has low aqueous solubility resulting in low oral bioavailability thus presents a challenge in formulating a suitable dosage form to improve the aqueous solubility. Nanocomposites are novel technology for enhancing the solubility of Rosuvastatin calcium. Nanocomposite's formulation of Rosuvastatin Calcium was prepared by microwave induced diffusion method (MIND). The natural polymers like gum acacia, Chitosan and HPMC K4M were used as carrier in the formulation. Four different formulations were prepared with varying ratios of drug and carriers and corresponding physical mixtures were also prepared. The selections of natural carriers were based on their surfactant and wetting properties. The optimum drug-to-carrier ratio was found to be 1:4 which enhanced solubility as compared to pure drug. In vitro drug release exhibited cumulative release of 84.72% as compared to 27.38% for the pure drug. The optimized nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, these results suggest that nanocomposites using natural carrier is a promising approach for oral delivery of Rosuvastatin calcium.

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Rosuvastatin Calcium, Acacia, HPMC K4M, Nanocomposites, Chitosan

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"A Quasi-experimental study on effect of DiabCare SBT (Simulation-Based Training) module on self-care management in diabetic patients in OPD of selected hospitals in a metropolitan city" Tejal Suresh Mawale, Prof. Wilma Valsalan ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic disease characterized by increased level of glucose in the blood resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. There are two main type of diabetes, type1 and type2 diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The primary goal of the study was to assess the effect of Diabcare SBT (simulation-based training) on self-care management in diabetic patients. Methods: A Quasi experimental study with 2 group post -test only design, Non -probability convenient sampling technique was used and Modified Diabetic Self-Care Management Assessment Scale was used to collect data from out- patient department of a tertiary care hospitals with 60 newly detected diabetic patients recruited. Results: In experimental group 15th day self-care management score mean is 33with SD 3.2483, on 3oth day self-care management score mean is 34.933 with SD 2.7156 and level of significance (p)=0.0001.In control group 15th day self-care management score mean is 24.7with SD 4.3164, ON 30th day self-care management score mean is 27.267 with SD 4.0932 and level of significance (p)=0.0137. On 15th day in control group and experimental group, self-care management total score mean 24.7 with SD 4.31 in control group and in experimental group self-care management total score mean 33 with SD 3.24 and level of significance (p)=0.01hence, there is significant difference in self-care management among diabetic patients with and without Diabcare SBT. conclusion: the SBT Module did bring about change in reported self-care management among diabetic patients, hence it may be recommended as an effective method of health education among diabetics Keywords: SBT; self-care management; diabetes mellitus; Modified Diabetic Self-Care Management Assessment Scale;

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Keywords: SBT; self-care management; diabetes mellitus; Modified Diabetic Self-Care Management Assessment Scale;

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The process of designing a building structure starts with the selection of construction materials based on their mechanical properties and the type of stresses to be supported. For the design of reinforced concrete structure, which is one of the most built structures around the world, the choice will fall on concrete and steel reinforcing bars. The quality of TMT (Thermo-Mechanically Treated) bars chosen must have adequate tensile strength to guarantee a ductile behaviour expected of reinforced concrete structure, so that the structure will be safe and functional to fulfil the purpose for which it is built. Possible causes of the failures of reinforced concrete structures are many including the quality of steel and concrete adopted. In this research work, various quality assessment tests such as Ultimate Tensile Strength test, Bend & Re-band test and Elongation have been performed on TMT steel reinforcing round bars used in local areas of Assam. Samples of 10 mm, 12 mm and 16 mm diameter bars of different brands namely JINDAL, SATYAM, TISCON and VISCON were collected from different stages of construction, including reinforcement procurement and onsite storage of Jorhat district and tested in the Material Testing Laboratory, Civil Engineering department of H.R.H. The Prince of Wales Institute of Engg. & Technology, Jorhat, Assam. Results obtained shows that all the samples considered met the IS 1786 (2008) code specifications.

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Concrete, TMT (Thermo-Mechanically Treated) Bars, Reinforced Concrete, Ultimate Tensile Strength, Elongation and Bend& Re-bend.

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Siddha Medicine,a traditional system for Health and Wellness,has its roots in ancient India,particularly in the state of Tamilnadu.This ancient wisdom has been passed down through generations of siddha practioners ,offering a rich distinctive contribution to the world of traditional medicine.Among these formulations,Vatharoga Chooranam is one of the Polyherbal formulation,which is said to be prescribed for all types of Vatha diseases in classical Siddha Literature.Saganavatham (Cervical Spondylosis) is one among the 80 types of Vatha diseases.Cervical Spondylosis and other types of musculoskeletal disorders will be benefitted from this medicine.Standardization of drugs and publications are seen as keys to spread authenticity in today's evidence based practice of medicine.Vatharoga Chooranam was standardized using PLIM criteria.Materials and Methods:Vatharoga Chooranam was made in accordance with GMP regulations.Physio-chemical analysis,HPTLC,TLC investigation and the finding of organoleptic qualities are all part of drug standardization.The Standardization of drugs was conducted at Noble Research Solution's facility in accordance with PLIM criteria.Results:Research findings indicate there are six peaks in the HPTLC screening graph.Other Characteristics include loss of drying(7.96%),total ash value(3.23%),acid insoluble ash(0.04%),water soluble extractive (23.67%),alcohol soluble extractive(10.13%)and pH 6.40.Concusion:The Published data from this study will inform and support future clinical research and standardization efforts ,potentially leading to further exploration of the medicine Vatharoga Chooranam in musculoskeletal disorders.

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Vatharoga Chooranam,Cervical Spondylosis,Pharmacopeial laboratory for Indian Medicine,Noble Research Solutions,High Perfomance Thin Layer Chromatography.

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Shiksha ek maulik Manav Adhikar hai aur vyaktiyon aur samaj ke Vikas me ek mahatvpurn karak hai .Yah vyaktiyon ko gyan, kaushal aur mulyon se sashakt banata hai jo unhen purn jivan jeene aur apne samudayon mein Sarthak yogdan dene me saksham banata hai. Kovind -19 Mahamari ne Shiksha ke mahatva ko adhik rekhankit kiya hai aur gunvattapurn shiksha tak pahunch me digital vibhajan Ko ujagar Kiya Hai. Praudyogiki ke aagman ne Shiksha Kshetra me Kranti laa di hai , jisse sikhane aur adhigam ke naye rupon ki jankari Mili Hai. E-learning aur over the top OTT platform paramparik Shiksha paridrishy ko badalne ke liye shaktishali upkaran ke roop mein ubhre hai.Ine platformon ne Na Keval sikhne ko adhik Sulabh aur lachila bana Diya Hai balki chhatron ke liye kaksha ki seemao se pare Gyan ka pata lagane ke naye raste bhi khole Hai.OTT Platformon ki pahunch aur samarthya ne Shiksha Kshetra me unki badhati lokpriyata mein yogdan Diya Hai. OTT platform ko smartphone, tablet aur smart TV sahit vibhinn upkaranon per access Kiya ja sakta hai. Jisse sikhana kabhi bhi aur kahin bhi sambhav ho jata hai. Iske alava kai OTT platform sikhane me vittiya badhao ko door karte hue muft ya kam kimat per shaikshinik samagri pradan karte Hai.OTT platform se adhyayan ke falswaroop kishoron ki aadate prabhavit ho rahi hai.

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Over The Top Video Sewaye,Uchh Madhyamik Star,Adhyan Aadte

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