Volume 11 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The colonial laws enacted by the British government in India to reform the status of women, particularly widows, were primarily based on contradictions. The property laws (mitakshara and dayabhaga) favoured men and deprived women of their rights to family property. Under Hindu law, women were excluded from legal ownership of joint family property. This paper argues that the colonial laws enacted to protect the rights of widows were silent on their economic position. For instance, the Hindu Widow's Remarriage Act (HWRA), 1856, passed to legalise Hindu widow's marriage, had an 'economic disability'. Section 2 of HWRA disinherited widows upon their marriage. The Anglo-Indian Courts applied Section 2 to many lower-caste widows who had a prior custom of remarriage. This provision brought women into litigation as the families of deceased husbands used Section 2 against the widows. However, almost after a decade, efforts were made to change the oppressive laws that deprived women of their rights in the estate.

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 Keywords

colonial state, dayabhaga, mitakshara, property, widow

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This paper proposes a robust wavelet shrinkage approach for image denoising. Removal of noise is critical in the image reconstruction process, but denoising of image is still a challenging task. Denoising is used to remove the noise from corrupted image, while preserving the edges and other detailed features to a larger extent. This noise is added during acquisition, transmission & reception and even in storage & retrieval processes. Wavelet shrinkage is an image denoising technique based on the concept of thresholding the wavelet coefficients. Thresholds can be of either hard or soft estimates. Hard thresholding is a keep or kill rule whereas soft thresholding shrinks the coefficients above the threshold in absolute value. We are emphasizing on soft thresholds. The key challenge of wavelet shrinkage is to find an appropriate threshold value, which is typically controlled by the signal variance.

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 Keywords

Image denoising, Wavelet transforms.

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For the expanding Indian banking industry, consolidation in the banking sector is crucial in terms of mergers and acquisitions. Cost reduction and revenue growth are two ways to do this. Why do we need banking consolidation in India and what are the challenges that lie ahead are the key points here. The part that the The central government must be carefully considered throughout the process because it is essential to the development of the policies necessary for the expansion of Indian banking. Recently, it is observed that some M&A as voluntary efforts on the part of banks. The first of these consolidations after financial sector reforms were introduced in 1991 involved the merger of Times Bank and HDFC Bank. Banks have made voluntary attempts to consolidate and expand through the merger of Bank of Madura with ICICI Bank, the reverse merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank, the union of Centurion Bank and Bank of Punjab to become Centurion Bank of Punjab, and the recent choice of Lord Krishna Bank to unite with Federal Bank. Is it better for Indian banks to grow in size? Even the biggest Indian banks are considered minnows by international standards in a sector where scale matters and where boundaries between countries are vanishing. India is still an unbanked nation. The majority of the banking industry is undersized even by Indian standards: the top 25 banks, of which 18 are owned by the government, account for nearly 85% of banking assets. According to a study of the Indian banking sector, M & A is essential due to variables like stability, shareholder return, adherence to regulations, etc. Additionally, M & A offers these Indian institutions the chance to establish a universal bank. Additionally, mergers may be employed strategically.

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 Keywords

Finance, Mergers and Acquisition.

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Groundwater is a crucial natural resource that sustains various human and ecological activities. However, the growing demand for water in Madnur and Jukkal Mandals of Kamareddy Districts, coupled with potential risks of groundwater depletion, necessitates a comprehensive assessment of groundwater potential for sustainable development. This research employs a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach to evaluate the groundwater potential in the study area. The MCA integrates multiple factors affecting groundwater availability, including lithology, land use, soil characteristics, geomorphic units, slope, lineaments, hydrogeological conditions, and rainfall patterns. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology and remote sensing data are utilized to gather and analyze spatial information, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the assessment. Considering diverse criteria, the study generates a comprehensive groundwater potential map, classifying areas into very high, high, moderate, low and very low potential zones. This spatial analysis facilitates a better understanding of the regional groundwater dynamics, identifying areas suitable for sustainable groundwater abstraction and those requiring conservation measures to prevent overexploitation. The research's findings will be critical for developing effective water resource management strategies, promoting sustainable groundwater usage, and safeguarding the environment. The proposed multi-criteria analysis approach for deciphering groundwater potential can serve as a valuable model for similar studies in other regions facing water scarcity and resource management challenges. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the sustainable development and prudent utilization of groundwater resources in Madnur and Jukkal Mandals, ensuring their availability for future generations and fostering environmental conservation efforts.

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 Keywords

Groundwater potential, Multi-criteria analysis, Hydrogeological conditions, Geographic Information Systems, Water scarcity, Agricultural water management

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Herbal medicines is still the mainstay of about 75-80% of the world's population, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with human body and lesser side effects. Herbal medicines consist of plant or its part to treat injuries, disease or illnesses and are used to prevent and treat diseases and ailments or to promote health and healing. it is a drug or preparation made from a plant or plants and used for any to such purpose. The aim of present study was to prepare herbal gel formulation containing ethanolic extract of antifungal herbal gel containing senna alata, murraya koenigi cassia tora . The gel was prepared by using carbopol 940(1%w/v) , propylene glycol, methyl paraben, propylparaben, , tri-ethanolamine and required amount of distilled water. The prepared gels were evaluated for physical appearance, ph, spreadability, drug content, , diffusion study, viscosity, homogeneity. It was inferred from results that gel formulations were good in appearance and homogeneity. Antifungal herbal gel containing senna alata, murraya koenigii cassia tora based gel proved to the formula of choice. The methanolic crude extract and the partially purified fractions were both active against standard strains of E.coli but at different concentrations.

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E. Coli, Herbal gel

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Food till date is the topmost common denominator between different societies. One can find food connection through the Holy Scriptures like the Bible, the Ramayana, the Vedas, and indeed in the erudite works of Shakespeare up to 21st Century literature. One can draw multitudinous parallels between the significance of both food and literature as vehicles of cultural and social development. In short, both literature and food are means to save as well as transfigure social and artistic traditions. Shoba Narayan's Monsoon Diary: A Memoir with Recipes interweaves personal remembrances with succulent Indian recipes and reflections about Indian and American culture, culinary traditions, and her own eccentric family. This paper aims to bring out the significance of memory and culture through food in Narayan's Monsoon Diary: A Memoir with Recipes.

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 Keywords

Food, Culture, Tradition, Memory

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India suffers from severe impact of food inflation as nearly fifty percent of its earnings, an average household spends on food and more than sixty percent is spent by a poor on food. Thus, with the increase in food inflation the poverty level in India may sharply increase as the poor will be forced to spend more on food. Although India declared food as a legal right to its people by passing National Food Security Act (NFSA) on 5th of July, 2013 still its position in the Global Hunger Index 2021 was 101st out of 116 countries which is really poor. India's economic growth rate stood at 8.9% in 2021 as per World Bank national accounts data. Here we study the short run and long run relationship of India's food inflation in the post millennium era, with its Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Economic Growth Rate and Consumers Spending Growth Rate. Thus, the study is based on the time data series from 2001 to 2021. With the help of the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test, the unit root test of the time series data used for the ARDL method has been done followed by CUSUM test for testing the stability of the ARDL long run form and bounds test.

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Food Inflation, MMR, Economic Growth Rate, Consumer Spending Growth Rate, Poverty.

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Abstract I will examine the notion of the friendship of Aristotle, Kant and Gadamer in this paper, and endeavour to grasp the value of the Aristotelian model of friendship. Regarding the issue, I study diverse issues of the friendship of Aristotle and related issues of Kant and Gadamer such as various kinds of friendship, a general conception, different motives of friendship, the impacts of friendship in society etc. I want to show the Aristotelian notion of friendship, its different kinds, and relations in respect of many social positions etc. There are also analyses about the notion of Kant's various kinds of friendship, self-disclosure and complete union in friendship etc. Gadamer's different relationships, solidarity and self-love etc. captured my interest too. In concluding remarks, I elaborate on the richness of the Aristotelian idea of friendship.

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Keywords Friendship ? Virtue friendship ? Reciprocity ? Self-interest ? Self-disclosure

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Anxiety disorders are most common diagnosis in school going children, with prevalence rate of 8%. Untreated anxiety in children can have deleterious consequences. Art therapy can be meditative and mindful practice which promotes a state of relaxation, reduces anxiety and fosters a sense of calmness especially for those who are experiencing anxiety. A quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test study was conducted with the aim to assess the effectiveness of Art therapy on anxiety among the school going children and to find out the association with selected demographic variables. Conceptual framework was based on Karl Ludwig Von Bertalarffy's General System Theory. Data was collected from 108 school going children through systematic random sampling technique before and after intervention by using Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Child at Dr. B.R Ambedkar Primary School, Siliguri. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that 28.70% of children had elevated anxiety, 27.77% had moderate anxiety and 5.55% had severe anxiety which after art therapy reduced to 9.28%, 7.40% and 2.77% respectively. Pre-test and post-test mean score is 61?8.67 and 55.78?30.81 respectively. The calculated 'r' value is 0.48 showing mild positive correlation between pre-test and post-test score which was found to be statistically significant with 't' value of 13.97*** at p<=0.001 level of significance. Significant association were found between level of anxiety with demographic variables like age and gender at p<=0.001, mother's occupation and family income at p<=0.05, child's education, parent's education and presence of care giver at p<=0.50 level of significance. The study concluded that art therapy was effective in reducing the level of anxiety among school going children.

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 Keywords

Anxiety, Art Therapy, School going children

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At the time of the French Revolution, the press was described as the Fourth Estate in the political establishment. In our times the expanding reach of newspapers, television, radio and the internet have made the media an even stronger pillar of our political existence. With the coming into being of the television and cable-channels, the amount of publicity which any crime or suspect or accused gets in the media has reached alarming proportions. Freedom of press and Media is one of the basic guarantees provided by civil society. However in modern world the right is not limited to express ones' view through words but it also includes circulating one's views in writing or through audiovisual instrumentalities, through advertisements and through any other communication channel. It also comprises of right to information, freedom of press and Media etc. It is a right to express and self realization. In India freedom of speech and expression is mentioned in Article 19(1) (a), which falls in fundamental right category. Freedom of the press is essentially an integral part of the freedom of expression and lies at the heart of right of freedom of speech and expression, and is rightly covered within the ambit of Article 19 (1) (a) even without an express mention. The Constitution also lays down some restrictions in the form of Article 19(2), which provides that the right to freedom of speech and expression shall not affect the operation of any existing law or prevent the state from making any law insofar as such law imposes reasonable restrictions on the exercise of that right in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states, public decency or morality or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to offence. The present paper highlight the media freedom and interface between media and the law in India.

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Media freedom, Restriction, Public Welfare and Security of State.

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