Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Panchayati Raj Sanstha Me Mahila Netratva Ev Sahbhagita Ek Vishleshmatak Adhyan

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Panchayati Raj Sanstha Me Mahila Netratva Ev Sahbhagita Ek Vishleshmatak Adhyan

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India's banking sector has been evolving since 1991, notably due to the technological upheaval that has introduced substantial alterations. One such shift initiated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was the formation of payment banks. The chief aim of setting up payment banks was to boost financial inclusion through the use of technology. Payment banks predominantly target providing payment and remittance services to low-income families, small enterprises, migrant labourers, and others in informal sectors. Payment banks leverage financial technology to infiltrate the economy and access the unbanked segments of the populace. The research aims to examine the functioning of payment banks in India, evaluate the financial performance of payment banks, and pinpoint the obstacles faced by payment banks. The study was executed based on data sourced from various websites, RBI documents, and publications.

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Banking sector, Payment banks, financial technology, financial system

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Diabetes is a serious disease that can cause fatigued, feel extreme hunger, and experience other more serious problems over time such as Kidney failure, blindness, amputations, loss of sensation and cardiovascular disease. Each and every year many people of the world as well as in Bangladesh are affected by diabetes mellitus. If people do not manage this disease, people could develop more serious complications like vision problems, dementia, and kidney issues. However the present study has conducted to identify the different ways of management of diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted in Bangladesh. The study was documentary analysis type. Data and information were collected from secondary sources such as books, research report, journals, websites, magazines, internet etc. From the study it was found that the important issue requiring management is that of the glucose cycle. The management of diabetic patients is related to effective control of blood glucose, blood pressure and lipids, to minimize the risk of long-term consequences associated with diabetes. They are suggested in clinical practice guidelines released by various national and international diabetes agencies, often combined with regular ongoing blood glucose level monitoring. Diet management allows control and awareness of the types of nutrients entering the digestive system, and hence allows indirectly, significant control over changes in blood glucose levels. Blood glucose monitoring allows verification of these, and closer control, especially important since some symptoms of diabetes are not easy for the patient to notice without actual measurement. Other approaches include exercise and other lifestyle changes which impact the glucose cycle. In addition, a strong communication between the patient and the primary healthcare provider - general practitioner or internist - is an essential tool in the successful management of diabetes. Often the primary care doctor makes the initial diagnosis of diabetes and provides the basic tools to get the patient started on a management program. Regular appointments with the primary care physician and a certified diabetes educator are some of the best things a patient can do in the early weeks after a diagnosis of diabetes. Upon the diagnosis of diabetes, the primary care physician, specialist, or endocrinologist will conduct a full physical and medical examination. A thorough assessment covers topics such as: height and weight measurements, blood pressure measurements, thyroid examination, examination of hands, fingers, feet, and toes for circulatory abnormalities, blood tests for fasting blood sugar, A1c, and cholesterol, family history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, prior infections and medical conditions, smoking history, including encouragement to stop smoking (if applicable), signs of complications with pregnancy or trying to get pregnant for women patients, eating and exercise habits, vision abnormalities, to check for eye health issues, urination abnormalities, which can indicate kidney disease A list of current medications, including: prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, Vitamin, mineral or herbal supplements is also needed as when it is necessary.

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Diabetes mellitus, Management, Blood glucose, Diet management, Diagnosis, Weight, Physician/Doctor, Monitoring, Hypo and hyperglycemia, Glycemic control, Insulin, Medication

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Paraquat, a highly toxic bipyridyl herbicide, is widely used in agriculture and has been linked to numerous fatalities worldwide. This review highlights the severe health risks associated with paraquat exposure, particularly in developing countries where agricultural practices often lack proper safety measures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of paraquat, a widely used but highly toxic herbicide. It will cover its chemical properties, applications, and regulatory status, as well as its environmental and health impacts. Special emphasis will be placed on the mechanisms of toxicity, cases of acute and chronic poisoning, and the current state of treatment and prevention strategies.

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Paraquat, Toxicity, Herbicide, Health Risks, Agricultural Safety

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Nursing education is a professional education which is consciously and systematically planned and implemented through instruction and discipline and aims the harmonious development and aesthetic powers. Nurse education consists of the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals. This education is provided to nursing students by experienced nurses and other medical professionals who have qualified or experienced for educational tasks. Nurse education also provides post-qualification courses in specialist subjects within nursing. Patient care is the core responsibility of a nurse. They have to assure that the patient is given the best possible care. In hospitals or any other medical institution, the doctors and nurses take care of their patients very carefully. They are responsible for answering any patient questions and always ensuring their basic needs are taken care of. Many organizations have come up to offer better patient care. They have developed guidelines on what is the meaning of patient care. Hospitals also have a committee that reviews all the policies and procedures regarding patient care. All this has made us realize that what is the meaning of patient care is not only for the doctor or the nurse but it is of utmost importance to the patient as well. However the present study has conducted to explore the history of nursing education in Bangladesh and to identify the concepts regarding patient care management in Bangladesh. The study was documentary analysis type. Data and information were collected from secondary sources such as books, research report, journals, websites, magazines, internet etc. The study recommended that Nurses must keep their professional knowledge and skills relevant and up-to-date through self-learning, in-service education, practice, higher education, and quality management including accountability. It leads to lead consumer satisfaction. A better image of nurses would logically follow when people in the society recognize the value of nursing care and that would result enhanced salary and status. Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training. Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education system that promotes seamless academic progression. Nurses should be full partners with all health professionals to redesign health care in Bangladesh. To become a registered nurse in most countries, former education with more extensive professional training is required. Many countries have introduced several theoretical and practical training for nursing students in hospitals, or via a pre-registration nursing programme at a university or college. Nursing students, thus educated and trained, demonstrate higher competency in nursing practice, communication, leadership, professional integration, and research/evaluation. By prioritizing informed consent, effective communication, and patient satisfaction, healthcare providers can deliver patient-centered care that respects patients' autonomy, promotes shared decision-making, and ultimately leads to better health outcomes and improved patient experience.

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Patient care, Management, Nurse, Patient, Doctor, Education, Consumer satisfaction, Professionalism

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This research paper conducts a comprehensive analytical study of the intricate journey of U.S. involvement in Afghanistan, delving into the historical trajectory from the Cold War era to the Afghan Jihad. The investigation spans decades, examining the geopolitical dynamics that shaped U.S. foreign policy in the region. By unraveling the complexities of this engagement, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the evolving motivations, strategies, and consequences associated with America's presence in Afghanistan. Drawing on a diverse array of primary and secondary sources, the study navigates through key events, diplomatic maneuvers, and strategic shifts that have defined this multifaceted relationship. Through a critical lens, the research sheds light on the interconnectedness of Cold War geopolitics and the subsequent repercussions that unfolded during the Afghan Jihad, contributing to a deeper comprehension of the broader implications for U.S. foreign policy and global affairs.

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U.S. Involvement, Cold War, Afghan Jihad, Geopolitical Dynamics, Foreign Policy, Strategic Shifts, Diplomatic Maneuvers.

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Indian older population is ageing rapidly the proportion of people older than 60 years is growing faster than any other age groups. Various national reports states there will be a raise of around 56 million over the next decade in the country. In essential aspect of aging is successful coping. The need to establish the predictive power of coping strategies on well-being in old people is well endorsed by many theories of aging. Literature points coping strategies both in general population and, specifically, in the older population. It has to be kept in mind that aging itself is a process of many changes, including not only physical, but also psychological and social changes (i.e., retirement, income decrease, or empty nest). The present study examined the relationship between social supports and coping in a sample of 240 community-residing older adults. Data was collected by using a standardized tools namely social supports inventory, Coping Inventory and Cornell Medical Index. Results also showed that greater social supports are associated with good coping. Implications of the results for healthy psychological functioning in the elderly are discussed.

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older adults, mental health, social supports, coping aging population

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Hydrogels are three-dimensional (3D) networks of hydrophilic polymers that can swell in water and retain a substantial amount of it. This property allows them to maintain their structure due to the chemical or physical cross-linking of individual polymer chains. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a turmeric hydrogel using specific hydrogel preparation methods. Turmeric was chosen for its well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a beneficial addition to skincare products.The objective of this research was to create a hydrogel that contains turmeric and horsegram assess its physicochemical characteristics, and ability to provide anti-acne and exfolitation benefits. Various excipients including gelling agents, humectants,pH adjuster,cleansing agent and preservative were selected and their concentrations were adjusted to achieve desired rheological properties.Physicochemical characterization of the formulated gel was performed using techniques such as viscosity measurements, pH determination, and spreadability test to ensure its suitability for topical application. In summary, this study's outcomes show that turmeric and horsegram loaded hydrogel can be successfully formulated with the desired stability and physicochemical qualities. Furthermore, the effectiveness research suggests that it could be a good skincare solution for anti acne and exfoliation of skin.

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Hydrogel ,turtmeric, horse gram ,exfoliation, anti-acne, anti-oxidant.

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Dapagliflozin (Farxiga), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has emerged as a critical therapeutic option for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. This review evaluates the pharmacological mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of dapagliflozin. By promoting urinary glucose excretion and lowering blood glucose levels, dapagliflozin effectively improves glycemic control in diabetic patients. Recent clinical trials have also demonstrated its significant benefits in reducing hospitalization rates for heart failure and improving overall cardiovascular outcomes, even in patients without diabetes. The drug's favorable renal protective effects further underscore its multifaceted role in managing comorbid conditions. However, potential adverse effects, such as urinary tract infections and dehydration, necessitate careful patient selection and monitoring. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence surrounding dapagliflozin, highlighting its dual benefits in diabetes management and heart failure, as well as implications for clinical practice.

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Dapagliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitors, Type 2diabetis, Heart failure, Renal protection Safety profile, adverse effect, Combination therapy.

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