Volume 14 | Issue 6 | June-2026

 Abstract

ਅਜਮੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਔਲਖ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਹਰ ਇਕ ਨਾਟਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ, ਮਜਦੂਰਾਂ, ਔਰਤਾਂ ਤੇ ਜਾਗੀਰਦਾਰੀ ਫਿਰਕੂ ਦੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੱਚਾਈ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕੀਤੀ ਹੈਂ। ਔਲਖ ਆਪਣੀ ਇਸ਼ ਬਿਰਤੀ ਕਾਰਣ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਨਾਟਕ ਦੇ ਤੀਜੇ ਦੌਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਸਥਾਨ ਰੱਖਦਾ ਹੈਂ। ਭਾਰਤੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਰ ਗੱਲ ਗਾਲ੍ਹਾਂ ਨਾਲ਼ ਕਹਿਣ ਦੀ ਬਿਰਤੀ ਹੈਂ ਜਿਸਨੂੰ ਔਲਖ ਪੇਂਡੂ ਜੰਮਪਲ ਹੋਣ ਕਾਰਣ ਭਲੀ-ਭਾਂਤ ਸਮਝਦਾ ਹੈਂ ਅਤੇ ਇਸੇ ਲਈ ਉਸਨ੍ਹੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਨਾਟਕਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਗਾਲ਼ਾਂ ਪਾਤਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਮੂੰਹੋਂ ਅਖਵਾ ਕੇ ਉਹ ਰੰਗਤ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਹੈਂ ਜ਼ੋ ਪਾਠਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਨਾਟਕ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ਼ ਸਾਂਝ ਪਾਉਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਮੱਦਦ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈਂ ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਗਾਲ੍ਹਾਂ ਨਾਲ਼ ਔਰਤ ਨੂੰ ਨੀਵੇਂ ਦਰਜੇ ਦੀ ਪਦਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈਂ ਜ਼ੋ ਕਿਸੇ ਹਿੱਲੇ ਵੀ ਸਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂ ਸਕਦਾ, ਪਰ ਇਹ ਮਾਨਸਿਕਤਾ ਬਦਲਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਮੇਂ ਲਗਣਾ। ਇਸੇ ਲਈ ਜਦੋਂ ਅਸੀਂ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ (ਔਲਖ)ਦੇ ਨਾਟਕ ਪੜਦੇ ਜਾਂ ਵੇਖਦੇ ਆਂ ਤਾਂ ਆਪਮੁਹਾਰੇ ਇਹ ਗੱਲ ਦਿਮਾਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਕੀ ਕਿ ਗਾਲ੍ਹਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਬੰਦਾ ਗੱਲ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰ ਸਕਦਾ?ਤੇ ਪਾਠਕ ਆਪਣੀ ਨਿੱਜੀ ਜਿੰਦਗੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਚੰਗੀ ਵਾਰਤਾਲਾਪ ਕਰਣ ਵੱਲ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਤ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈਂ।

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 Keywords

Keywords : ਅਜਮੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਔਲਖ, ਸੱਮਕਾਲੀ, ਕਿਸਾਨ, ਵਿਆਹ, ਔਰਤ, ਸਰਲ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ।

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 Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by papules, pustules, nodules, comedones, and residual scarring, commonly affecting adolescents and young adults. Though not life-threatening, it significantly impacts psychological well-being, self-confidence, and quality of life. This case study highlights the role of constitutional homoeopathic treatment in the management of Acne vulgaris in an adolescent patient. An 18-year-old male presented with complaints of papulo-pustular eruptions over the cheeks, forehead, chin, and perioral region since the past 2 years. The complaints had a gradual onset and progressive course. The eruptions were associated with mild itching and pustules containing purulent discharge. Symptoms were aggravated during summer, by heat and touch, with no significant relieving factors. Detailed case-taking revealed characteristic mental and physical generals, and the totality of symptoms was formed. Repertorisation was carried out using Zomoeo Pro software, and the indicated constitutional remedy was selected after correlating with various Materia Medica. Assessment of severity and impact on quality of life was done using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) at baseline and during follow-ups, along with sequential photographic documentation. The causal relationship between the prescribed remedy and clinical improvement. Following individualized constitutional homoeopathic treatment, marked improvement was observed in the acne lesions with reduction in inflammation, pustulation, and itching, along with improvement in the patients quality of life. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. This case demonstrates that individualized constitutional homoeopathic treatment may offer beneficial results in the management of Acne vulgaris and its associated psychosocial burden. Although evidence from a single case cannot establish definitive conclusions, the positive outcome supported by clinical assessment and photographic evidence suggests the potential utility of constitutional homoeopathy in chronic dermatological disorders.

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 Keywords

Acne Vulgaris, Constitutional Homoeopathy, Individualized Remedy, Kali Bromatum, Papulo-Pustular Acne, Adolescent Male, Quality of Life, Homoeopathic Treatment, Chronic Skin Disorder, Dermatology, Case Study

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This paper presents a complete end-to-end text-based Spoken Term Detection (STD) system evaluated on the QUESST 2014 multilingual benchmark, covering six low-resource European languages: Albanian, Basque, Czech, non-native English (NNEnglish), Romanian, and Slovak. The proposed system employs the HappyScribe cloud-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) service for audio transcription, followed by the Terrier Information Retrieval (IR) framework with the Hiemstra language model (Hiemstra_LM) for inverted index construction and probabilistic ranked retrieval. Detection performance is assessed using the official QUESST 2014 metrics: minimum Normalised Cross-Entropy (minCNXE, lower is better) and Maximum Term-Weighted Value (MTWV, higher is better), across three query types: Type 1 (exact match), Type 2 (lexical variation), and Type 3 (multi-word expression). The text-based system is systematically compared against four speech-to-speech acoustic matching baselines: Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) matching, End-to-End neural matching, and the Water Chicken Swarm Optimisation-based Deep Segmental Neural Network (WCSO-DSNN). The text-based system achieves a best multilingual minCNXE of 0.2489 and MTWV of 0.8337 for Type 1 evaluation queries, substantially outperforming all four acoustic baselines. Language-specific analysis establishes Romanian (minCNXE=0.1012, MTWV=0.9123) and Slovak (minCNXE=0.1115, MTWV=0.9123) as the highest-performing languages, while NNEnglish (best minCNXE=0.3983) is the most challenging due to multi-speaker accent variability. The findings demonstrate that text-based STD is significantly more mature than speech-to-speech acoustic matching for settings where reliable ASR is available, while acoustic methods retain a practical advantage in true zero-resource environments.

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 Keywords

Spoken Term Detection, Text-Based STD, QUESST 2014, Hiemstra Language Model, Terrier IR, minCNXE, MTWV, Multilingual Speech Retrieval, Acoustic Matching, Zero-Resource STD.

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Abstract The hotel industry faces mounting pressure to embrace sustainable practices due to its substantial environmental footprint. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), Pro-Environmental Behaviour (PEB), and Environmental Performance (EP) within the hospitality sector, with a particular focus on how these elements interconnect. The review highlights that GHRM practices -- such as green recruitment, environmental training, green performance appraisal, and eco-friendly reward systems -- play a pivotal role in shaping employees' environmental mindsets and daily behaviours. Employees' pro-environmental behaviours, in turn, serve as a vital bridge, translating human resource initiatives into tangible environmental outcomes, including reduced energy and water consumption, lower waste generation, and successful attainment of green certifications. Grounded in Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) Theory, Social Exchange Theory (SET), and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), this study proposes an integrative framework that explains how PEB mediates the relationship between GHRM and environmental performance. The framework also underscores the important moderating roles of supervisor support behaviour (SSB) and green organisational culture (OC) in amplifying the effectiveness of GHRM practices. By synthesising existing research, this paper advances the understanding of sustainability in hospitality management and offers valuable directions for future studies across diverse hotel contexts.

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Keywords: Green Human Resource Management, Pro-Environmental Behaviour, Environmental Performance, Hotel Industry, Organisational Sustainability, Green HRM

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Abstract P?li commentaries is a great important literature as an original teaching of Buddha as a belief of following and practice in Therav?da Countries. It was extension of hiding meaning of what the Buddha taught to penetrated all difficult words of Buddha and supported to real understanding of nature and ultimate gold of Buddhism was considered by Therav?da Buddhist Scholars. Therav?da Buddhism give the favor as a priority to learn and study the original teaching P?li texts, then P?li Commentaries was continued to further studied to the more understanding of Buddha's teachings. At the present time, everything condition had been changing including such as geography, literature, languages, environment etc., from the time of Buddha, some ancient using words of meaning could not easy understanding in any societies. Therefore, the writer of Commentators foresaw and realized about the Buddhist world in devoting their life in the Buddhist teachings and left their Buddhist knowledges by helping people who would follow in practice of Buddhism to achieved ultimate gold (Nibb?na).

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Keywords: A??hakath?-Dh?ghanik?ya??k?, Therav?da-M?lapa???saA??hakath?, Nibb?na Dhammapadamah???k?.

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Tribals are frequently known as 'Adivasis' or native inhabitants. There are 36 tribal communities in Kerala. Kerala is a home to some 500,000 tribal people. Wayanad is a homeland of various tribal communities. Each community has its own culture, belief, economy and social organization. The most important tribal groups on Kerala are 'Adiyan', 'Kattunaikan', 'Malaipandaram', 'Cholanayakan', 'Malaivetan', 'Malayan', 'Irulan', 'Kadar', 'Mutuvan', 'Kanikkar', etc. The 'Kanis' or 'Kanikkars' have settled in the forests of the Agasthyamalai hills of the Western Ghats in the Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala. They are also seen in the Adimali hills of Idukki. The Kanikkar people have a strong clan system. According to the Indian Census report published in 1981, there are fourteen thousand Kanikkar tribe members overall. The present study attempts to evaluate the features of culture and tradition of kanikkars tribe. They have their own unique culture, lifestyle, tradition and practices.

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Tribals, Kanikar, Culture, Tradition and History.

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Edge intelligence enables embedded systems to perform real-time decision making without continuous dependence on cloud infrastructure. This study presents a lightweight inference framework for the ARM Cortex-M3-based LPC1768 microcontroller using analog sensor signals acquired through the on-chip analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In contrast to conventional fixed-threshold approaches, the proposed method applies a parameterized linear decision model that is computationally inexpensive and suitable for resource-constrained hardware. The framework integrates ADC-based signal acquisition, sample averaging for noise mitigation, and deterministic inference logic to support low-latency operation. Experimental observations indicate that the proposed implementation can provide responsive on-device classification with modest memory requirements, making it suitable for low-power sensing applications. The work highlights a practical pathway toward deployable TinyML-inspired inference on legacy microcontroller platforms.

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ARM Cortex-M3, LPC1768 microcontroller, ADC sensor inputs, lightweight parametric model and TinyML.

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Stress detection using non-invasive physiological monitoring is an important area in healthcare and human-computer interaction. This study proposes an interpretable LSTM-based framework for stress detection using infrared thermal facial images. The model captures temporal variations in facial thermal patterns associated with autonomic nervous system activity, enabling accurate stress classification. Explainable AI techniques are integrated to enhance interpretability by identifying key temporal and regional contributions to predictions. The proposed approach achieves both high performance and transparency, making it suitable for real-world stress monitoring applications.

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Stress detection, Infrared thermography, Thermal facial images, LSTM, Deep learning, Explainable AI, Physiological computing, non-invasive monitoring, Temporal modeling.

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ABSTRACT The institution of political opposition constitutes one of the fundamental pillars of parliamentary democracy and serves as an indispensable mechanism for ensuring accountability, responsiveness, and constitutional governance. In parliamentary systems, democracy functions not merely through the authority of the ruling party but also through the presence of an organized and vigilant opposition capable of scrutinizing governmental actions, articulating alternative policies, and safeguarding public interests. This study examines the theoretical foundations, democratic significance, and functional role of opposition in the context of India's parliamentary democracy. Drawing upon the historical evolution of opposition politics, the paper analyses the emergence of opposition as a recognized democratic institution, its transformation within different party systems, and its contribution to the maintenance of democratic norms and procedures. The study argues that opposition performs multiple functions, including legislative scrutiny, protection of civil liberties, representation of minority viewpoints, policy evaluation, and prevention of executive arbitrariness. Furthermore, it explores the development of opposition politics in India from the early post-independence period of one-party dominance to the emergence of a competitive multi-party system. The analysis demonstrates that a strong, responsible, and constructive opposition is essential for preserving democratic accountability and preventing the concentration of political power.

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Parliamentary Democracy, Opposition, Democratic Accountability, Parliamentary Governance, Indian Parliament, Democratic Institutions.

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Numerous studies on the Tholkappiyam have been published over time in various fields of research. Scholars have established through their investigations that the grammatical concepts embodied in the twenty-seven sections distributed across its three divisions possess diverse research dimensions. Studies have also been undertaken, and continue to be undertaken, comparing the Tholkappiyam with other grammatical works in terms of structure, analysis, and embedded meaning, as well as from theoretical perspectives. In this context, the present study is based on the hypothesis that the nine sections of the Ezhuthathikaram, ranging from Noonmarapu to kutriyalukara punariyal, constitute an expansion and development of the very first sūtra of the Tholkappiyam, namely “Ezhuthenap paduva” (“That which is called a letter”). This opening noorpa not only identifies the fundamental letters of the Tamil language but also provides the basis for understanding the origin of letters, their occurrence and function in language, their transformations, assimilations, and processes of stabilization. The subsequent noorpa in the later sections elaborate and explain these foundational concepts in greater detail. Accordingly, this study proceeds on the premise that the first noorpa of the Noonmarapu serves as the source and conceptual foundation of the entire Ezhuthathikaram.

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 Keywords

?????????????, ???????, ?????, ????

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