Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a versatile and widely used analytical technique in the field of chemistry. This demonstration provides an overview of HPLC principles, instrumentation, and practical applications. Participants will gain insights into the separation and quantification of compounds in complex mixtures using HPLC. The demonstration covers the key components of an HPLC system, including columns, detectors, and mobile phases, and how they influence separation efficiency. Practical examples showcase the application of HPLC in pharmaceutical analysis, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Attendees will leave with a fundamental understanding of HPLC and its significance in analytical chemistry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

HPLC , UV-Vis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the impact of teaching English grammar through Sheltered Instruction among PU students. The main aim is to determine whether contextualized, interactive grammar instruction improves learners' comprehension compared to traditional methods. This quasi-experimental study involved two groups: an experimental group taught using the Sheltered Instruction approach and a control group taught through traditional methods. Pre-test and post-test scores in grammar proficiency were collected and analyzed to measure the impact of the instructional approach. The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the grammar performance of students exposed to Sheltered Instruction compared to their peers in the control group. The findings suggest that integrating Sheltered Instruction into English grammar pedagogy can enhance students' linguistic competence and engagement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sheltered Instruction, English Grammar, PU Students, Language Acquisition, Contextual Learning, Experiential Learning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rise in road accidents due to human error, particularly rear-end collisions, has become a significant concern for road safety. This project proposes the development of an Anti-Break System for Cars that utilizes modern sensor technologies to automatically detect obstacles and prevent collisions. The system is based on an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with various components such as an IR sensor, DC motors, L298N motor driver, GPS module, Bluetooth module, and an accelerometer. The core functionality of the system is to measure the distance between the vehicle and any obstacle in front using the IR sensor. When the distance falls below a pre-set threshold, the system triggers the brakes to prevent a collision. In the event of an accident, the system detects the impact using the accelerometer and immediately sends the car's location to emergency contacts through the GPS module. The use of Bluetooth allows for manual control and system monitoring, while Link IoT enables cloud-based monitoring and data logging. This cost effective solution enhances vehicle safety, reduces the risk of accidents, and ensures faster emergency response, making it a valuable addition to modern-day automotive safety systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Accident Detection, Accident Prevention, Vehicle Safety, Real-Time Monitoring, Smart Vehicle System, Emergency Alert System.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This comprehensive review examines drama as a pedagogical approach across various educational contexts. Drawing from recent literature spanning 2014 to 2025, this review synthesizes research on Drama in Education (DiE), exploring its theoretical foundations, applications across disciplines, documented benefits, and implementation challenges. The review reveals that drama-based pedagogy serves as a transformative teaching method that engages multiple intelligences, promotes democratic learning spaces, and enhances both cognitive and affective learning outcomes across diverse educational settings. Through systematic analysis of current research, this review demonstrates that drama education represents a sophisticated pedagogical approach with strong empirical support for improving academic achievement, social-emotional development, and essential 21st-century competencies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drama in Education, Pedagogy, Democratic Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

When electricity bills are deposited using the outdated method, time is wasted and unintended problems arise. In order to facilitate power utility and save labour costs, this project represents a prepaid electricity meter that uses a GSM module. Undeveloped domestic energy meters can be monitored and controlled with prepaid power meters. This method provides information on the consumer's charge amount and cuts off the energy supply when the balance falls below the threshold. The GSM network transmits and receives the data to the relevant energy provider company. Without having to visit the customer, the body that provides the supply gets the reading in a matter of seconds. Regular inspections are decreased with a prepaid power meter. In addition to lowering labour costs, prepaid electricity meters also improve meter reading efficiency and save a significant amount of time. Faults are unavoidable in the traditional system at every step of the bill deposit process. Human mistake occurs when the meter reading is recorded and when processing the paid bill. The study explains and explains the benefits of prepaid electricity meters, which help consumers control their energy use, reduce malfunctions, and process bills. The IR Sensor casing detection can be used to start the prepaid meter's theft detection. The meter will stop if the casing is opened for theft since it will use the owner's device's GSM Module to send a message.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

- Monitoring, Household energy management, Charge amount tracking, Energy supply control, Efficiency improvement, Fault minimization, Bill processing, Time-saving, Energy consumption management, theft detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper examines female identity across three significant novels from different cultural contexts in India: Ruth Prawer Jhabvala's Heat and Dust, Anita Nair's Ladies Coupe, and Bama's Sangati. Despite their diverse settings colonial and postcolonial India, contemporary middle class society, and Dalit community these works share common themes of women challenging social boundaries and finding their voices. Through analyzing key female characters and narrative strategies, this research explores how these texts represent women's journeys toward self definition and empowerment in the face of patriarchal constraints. The comparative approach reveals how female identities emerge through resistance to limiting social norms across varied cultural landscapes, ultimately suggesting that empowerment comes through both individual and collective forms of agency.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Female identity, Indian literature, resistance, empowerment, patriarchy, intersectionality, postcolonial feminism, Dalit literature, gender studies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT: Language is dynamic and never static. It changes from time to time according to the trends and needs of society. Survival of any language depends upon its utility. teacher plays a pivotal role in overall development and social change. Even great rulers and administrators were taught in small schools to develop great skills in different schools of Knowledge. Some lakhs of Indian rural and some extent semi-urban students having national language or regional language as their medium of instruction are struggling to improve their communication skills in English.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEY WORDS: Skills, Social Change, Knowledge, Medium, Communication, Dynamic, Struggling, Semi-Urban.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Child abuse remains a serious problem that goes unnoticed despite the dire repercussions. This study offers an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for detecting and responding to child abuse that uses real-time monitoring to improve kid safety. In order to identify possible indications of stress and abuse, the system incorporates a number of sensors using the ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller. This allows for position tracking and immediate alarms. It makes it possible for guardians to monitor remotely and receive timely notifications through cloud connectivity and mobile app integration. The suggested remedy supports proactive intervention in child abuse cases in a scalable and affordable manner.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Child Abuse, IoT, Real-time Monitoring, ESP8266 NodeMCU, Emergency Response, Sensor Integration, Location Tracking, Cloud Connectivity, Remote Monitoring, Child Safety

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Revelation, as a divine communication from the Creator to humanity, serves as the compass of moral order and spiritual truth. However, throughout history, the original clarity and purity of divine revelation have often been subject to corruption, reinterpretation, and manipulation. This corruption contributes to humanity's deviation from the righteous path, leading to moral decay, religious conflict, and existential confusion. This paper investigates the theological and philosophical dynamics that contribute to the corruption of revealed truths and the consequent spiritual deviation of humankind. Drawing from Abrahamic scriptural traditions, historical developments, and the insights of thinkers such as Augustine, Al-Ghaz?l?, and Ibn Taymiyyah, this study argues that the distortion of revelation is often fueled by ego, political motives, ignorance, and forgetfulness of divine guidance.

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KEYWORDS: Theology, Ignorance, Humanity's deviation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study highlights the critical need to enhance media literacy among youth in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, where young individuals increasingly engage with diverse digital platforms. Shimla is the capital of Himachal Pradesh, is a well-known hill city famous for its cool climate, scenic beauty and colonial architecture. Once the summer capital of British India, Shimla now attracts visitors for both its natural charm and historical significance. The findings reveal a moderate level of media literacy overall, with notable gaps between urban and rural youth. Urban participants and those with education in humanities or journalism show stronger skills in analyzing and evaluating media. In contrast, rural youth often lack access to varied media sources and the critical tools to assess them. Only 37% of respondents could reliably distinguish between true and false information, despite high digital engagement. These results highlight the urgent need for educational reforms. Integrating media literacy into the curriculum, especially in rural schools and colleges, can help bridge both digital and analytical divides. Community awareness campaigns and specialized teacher training in media pedagogy are also essential to build critical thinking skills among youth. By examining the media habits and evaluative abilities of young people in Shimla, this study offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers and organizations committed to fostering a more informed and responsible generation of media users. In an age of digital influence, media literacy is not just important it is essential.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Literacy, Digital literacy, Youth, Urban-rural, Critical thinking, Misinformation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition