Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

The Corporate Governance (CG), in today's scenario, tries to make balance between economic and social goals. Consequently, behaving socially responsible would increase the human development of stakeholders both within and outside the corporation. Corporate Governance strives for maximization of the profits so as to protect the corporate shareholders interest who have provided capital to firm, while corporate social responsibility (CSR) apparently against maximization because it suggested a set of actions beneficial for external stakeholders that may not be good for a shareholder. However, presently CSR is gradually getting fused into the corporate governance practices of the company because of the mandatory concept evolved by new companies act. Further, it may be noted that the corporate governance and CSR are two related and interlinked businesses concepts that are deeply embedded in the business practices. Thus, CG and CSR are strong compliments to each other. In this context, an attempt is made to discuss the concept of CSR and corporate governance, and their interrelationship, within legal and regulatory framework in India.

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 Keywords

corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, shareholders and stakeholders.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Automatic flow control, Hall effect sensor, ESP32, Atmega328p, Fluid monitoring, IoT-based automation, Servo motor, Stepper motor, Ball valve, Real-time flow regulation, OLED display, LCD, Smart irrigation, Embedded systems, Wireless control, Sustainable water management, PCB design.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study focuses on creating a webpage that allows a ESP-32 Cam to control a small robot. If people can't physically move to the designated areas, the robot can still navigate within a specific zone and stream real-time video back to a manually hosted webpage. Additionally, the program can be accessed through Secure Shell (SSH) for instant, wireless programming. By using a USB camera, we can capture live video data, and the robot's movement can be controlled in a specific environment. The robot is compact and primarily designed for wireless data transmission and reception, utilizing a built-in WiFi module that can be accessed and managed remotely. In today's world, security is a top priority, as it's crucial to protect your surroundings for your own safety and that of your family. However, traditional security cameras come with several limitations; they need to be positioned at specific angles for optimal viewing and often don't cover large areas. Plus, they can only be accessed from certain devices and may not alert users during unexpected events. Therefore, we need a more effective solution, and a web-controlled surveillance robot proves to be a much more practical option compared to conventional security cameras.

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 Keywords

Controlled Surveillance Robot, ESP-32 Cam Module, Real-Time Video Streaming, Wireless Navigation, Remote Monitoring, Secure Shell (SSH), WiFi Communication, USB Camera Integration, IoT Security System

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The controller of human system was the brain. The abnormal growth as well different levels of cells in the brain lead to a brain tumor, increase in level leads to brain cancer. In the area of human health, Computer Vision plays a significant role like CT scans, X-Ray, and MRI scans are the common imaging methods among magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that are the most reliable and secure.My work aims to focus on the use of different techniques for the discovery of brain cancer using brain MRI. In this study, we performed pre-processing using the bilateral filter (BF) for removal of the noises that are present in an MR image. This was followed by the binary thresholding and Convolution Neural for reliable detection of the tumor region using training, testing, and validation datasets Based on our machine, we will predict whether the subject has a brain tumor or not. The resultant outcomes will be examined through various performance metrics includes accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. It is desired that the proposed work would exhibit a more exceptional performance over its counterparts.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Brain tumor, Magnetic resonance imaging, Adaptive Bilateral Filter, Convolution Neural Network, performance metrics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mayurbhanj was a premier Garjat state of Odisha having a largest area of 4243 square miles and highest population (8, 46,745 in 1931) than the other 25 states during the colonial rule1. The kings of Bhanja dynasty were ruling over the state since the Gupta period up to the merger with the union government2. It was predominantly a tribal state. The tribes were generally simple, innocent and peace loving in nature. They work hard in the field and forests for their livelihood. Most of them were less than the marginal farmers who lived from hand to mouth unless supplemented by wages earned as daily labor. They were reasonably treated well by the state where the stringent exploitation was absent3. The people of Mayurbhanj had no ideas about the outside world nor had the political awareness or about the National events. They only love and respect their Maharaja to whom they considered as their protector. They did not have the ideas on colonial administration and exploitation in the state. Then gradually the news about the Gandhian movements of noncooperation and civil disobedience mild ripples in their mind4. The people's movement led by Banamali Das at Nilgiri had tremendous impact on the people of Mayurbhanj. Then the people of Mayurbhanj joined in the congress movement only after the advent of Gandhi in politics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mayurbhanj people's movement ,Maharaja,British rule

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Spread Of The Quit India Movement Of 1942 In Various Districts Of Contemporary Bengal

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The Spread Of The Quit India Movement Of 1942 In Various Districts Of Contemporary Bengal

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research study investigates the influence and efficacy of current Indian government policies on the advancement of women's empowerment. The analysis, based on secondary data spanning 2022 to 2024, centres on key contemporary initiatives, including Mission Shakti, revised Beti Bachao Beti Padhao guidelines, and the Gender Budgeting Framework. It assesses their impact on critical areas such as education, health, employment, and political participation. Utilizing a descriptive methodology, the study draws upon data from sources like NFHS-5, Ministry of Women and Child Development (MoWCD) reports from 2022-24, and UNDP India Gender Indices. Findings reveal tangible progress in women's education and health outcomes, though ongoing inequalities in employment and representation are evident. The research pinpoints challenges in policy implementation and offers recommendations grounded in the evidence presented.

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 Keywords

Women Empowerment, Gender Policy, Government Policies, Secondary Data, Gender Equality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Depression is a globally recognized mental health disorder that affects millions of individuals, often going un- diagnosed due to limitations in traditional screening methods. The growing prevalence of social media platforms has created an alternative space where users express their emotions and thoughts, providing valuable behavioral data for mental health analysis. Most existing AI-based depression detection systems focus on single modalities--primarily text--while overlooking non-verbal cues such as facial expressions that are equally critical in identifying depressive states. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent research in multimodal AI systems that integrate text, image data to improve the accuracy and robustness of depression detection. We explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) like BERT and GPT-4 for textual analysis, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for facial emotion recognitions. A hybrid framework is proposed for fusing these modalities, allowing the system to assess depression risk with high reliability. The review also identifies existing research gaps, such as the need for diverse datasets, real-time implementation challenges, and ethical concerns related to user privacy. Ultimately, this study highlights the significant potential of multimodal AI in supporting early detection and intervention in mental health care, while emphasizing the importance of responsible AI deployment that complements professional psychological assessment.

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 Keywords

Multimodal AI, Depression Detection, Social Media Analysis, Large Language Models, Facial Emotion Recognition, Machine Learning, Mental Health AI, Deep Learning, Explainable AI

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The demand for sustainable, self-sufficient power sources for Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks saw a dramatic escalation over the previous decade. Harnessing energy from ambient vibrations and utilizing it for powering low-power electronics in environments where traditional sources of power prove impractical is becoming increasingly enticing. In this article, there is a documented case of a hybrid piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester whose potential includes generating power from vibrations of low frequencies. The system integrates piezoelectric and electromagnetic mechanisms to effectively scavenge energy from diverse vibrational sources, such as industrial machinery, human motion, and ambient vibrations. The system employed in the suggested mechanism employs a double-resonance method, in which piezoelectric and electromagnetic components are set to resonate at different frequencies so as to allow efficient energy harvesting. An adaptive resonance tuning mechanism integrated allows reception of many vibrational frequencies for optimal energy efficiency during real-world application environments. Furthermore, the system utilizes nonlinear damping techniques to allow maximum energy harvesting of oscillating vibrations to improve the performance in non-ideal environments. For power storage and management, the system features batteries and supercapacitors and a smart energy management unit that maximizes power supply to IoT devices. The design further focuses on utilizing environment-friendly materials like nanomaterials and biodegradable polymers in order to render the harvester green. This hybrid energy harvester has the potential to be utilized in solving the problems of low-frequency vibration harvesting in IoT, with a stable, sustainable power supply for remote and miniaturized devices. The efficiency and flexibility of the system for energy harvesting over a broad band of vibrational frequencies make it an attractive choice for powering wearable technology and Internet of Things networks of the future.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

: Piezoelectric energy harvesting, Electromechanical coupling, Wireless sensor networks, Vibration damping, Sustainable power systems

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The essay explores the growing relevance of data sovereignty in India, especially following the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) 2023 and the challenges posed by cross-border data transfers. It critically analyses data sovereignty through the lens of the Indian Constitution, focusing on fundamental rights, privacy, national security, and international trade obligations. The piece assesses whether India's data protection framework aligns with constitutional values and highlights the ongoing tension between state control and individual liberty.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Data Sovereignty, Individual Liberty, Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition