Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This paper explores how machine learning enhances epidemic forecasting by leveraging multimodal data for accurate, real-time outbreak prediction. It also addresses implementation challenges and proposes a modular, ethical AI-based surveillance framework

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 Keywords

Machine learning, epidemic forecasting, infectious disease surveillance, deep learning, outbreak prediction, real-time analytics, federated learning, explainable AI, public health, IoT health monitoring.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The evolution of wireless communication has seen revolutionary leaps from 1G to 5G, each generation pushing the boundaries of speed, latency, and connectivity. As 5G begins its global deployment, researchers and technologists have already turned their focus toward the next frontier: 6G. This paper explores the key features, enabling technologies, applications, and challenges associated with 6G wireless communication. With projected data rates of up to 1 Tbps, sub-millisecond latency, and AI integration, 6G aims to connect the physical, digital, and biological worlds. We propose a framework for understanding 6G's architecture, spectrum usage, and network intelligence, with original diagrams to support theoretical constructs.

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 Keywords

6G, Wireless Communication, Terahertz, AI, Latency, Massive Connectivity, Smart Networks

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Comparative advertising refers to promotion of a product by making comparisons with another product. Sometimes the companies while making these comparisons make exaggerated claims about their own product to establish superiority over the competing product. Comparative advertising encourages healthy competition and helps consumers make informed choices but sometimes the advertisers make false claims about the competing product and mislead the consumers. If these false claims damages the reputation and goodwill of the competitor's product, it can result in product disparagement and trademark infringement. The objective of this research paper is to explore the concept of comparative advertising and its intersection with trademark infringement and product disparagement, focusing on how they are understood and regulated under Indian law. The research paper adopts a doctrinal methodology relying on analysis of the legal provisions related to trademarks and advertising, particularly in relation to the Trade Marks Act, 1999, and the guidelines of Advertising Council of India, and also focusing on important court cases that have influenced the law. By examining statutes and various cases, this paper will analyse how Indian courts have balanced the marketing rights along with intellectual property rights. The study concludes that comparative advertising should be allowed to promote transparency in the market but it should be done by staying within ethical and legal boundaries to avoid consumer deception and brand disparagement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Comparative Advertising, Product Disparagement, Trademark Infringement, ASCI, Trade Marks Act.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Micro, small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Coimbatore district. It prove AI adoption patterns, benefit, and challenge face up by theseEnterprises .

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 Keywords

MSME , ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE , TECHNICAL EXPERTNESS , CHAR BOTS

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 Abstract

This research examines the key drivers of export competitiveness in the machinery industry, with emphasis on improving performance in overseas markets. Employing primary and secondary data, it establishes production costs, technological innovation, trade p olicy, and international demand as key drivers of competitiveness. The study comprises survey -based analysis of 122 respondents from the machinery sector and uses statistical means such as ANOVA, chi-square and regression to decipher the critical findings. Insights indicate that although digitalization and automation are at the forefront of priorities, cost efficiency is equally a high priority, while innovation especially in product customization and customer service remains untapped. Yet, strong statistical associations between digital strategies and competitiveness measures were relatively non-existent, which suggests a gap in implementation effectiveness. The research ends with practical recommendations for policymakers and companies to use technology, digital tools, and R&D to enhance their global positioning and maintain growth in an increasingly competitive world of exports

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Export Competitiveness, Machinery Exports, Export Strategy, Cost efficiency, Innovation and Technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The global agricultural sector faces mounting pressure to meet the food demands of a growing population while minimizing environmental harm. Conventional farming practices, heavily reliant on chemical fertilizers, have led to soil degradation, reduced biodiversity, and greenhouse gas emissions. Against this backdrop, the exploration of microbiome-based interventions in agriculture has emerged as a promising solution. This review explores the synergistic integration of microbial-assisted breeding (MAB) and the development of microbiome-centric biofertilizers to enhance plant health, stress resilience, and productivity in a sustainable manner. Microbial-assisted breeding is a relatively novel approach that combines classical plant breeding techniques with insights from microbial ecology and molecular biology. It focuses on selecting or engineering plant genotypes that can actively shape and maintain beneficial microbial communities--termed the phytomicrobiome--within their rhizosphere, endosphere, or phyllosphere. These microbial partners, including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), mycorrhizal fungi, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, play a crucial role in nutrient cycling, hormone regulation, pathogen suppression, and abiotic stress tolerance. Unlike traditional biofertilizers that are often applied without considering plant genotype compatibility, MAB allows for a more targeted and stable establishment of beneficial microbes through host-mediated selection. The review further delves into the role of cutting-edge technologies such as metagenomics, amplicon sequencing, and microbial trait mapping in identifying key microbial taxa associated with high-yielding or stress-tolerant crop varieties. By integrating these insights, breeders can now select plant varieties not just for yield and disease resistance but also for their ability to recruit and sustain a beneficial microbiome. Parallelly, advances in synthetic microbial communities (SynComs), genome editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9, and AI-based modeling have enabled the design of next-generation microbial inoculants that are both crop- and environment-specific. Biofertilizers derived from such research are no longer limited to simple mono-strain applications. Instead, microbial consortia are being developed with a focus on functionality, synergy, and persistence in the soil-plant system. Moreover, the formulation and delivery mechanisms of these biofertilizers have improved dramatically, with innovations in encapsulation technologies, biofilm-based inoculants, and precision delivery systems. These advancements enhance microbial shelf-life, stress tolerance, and colonization efficiency. Despite the promise, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of MAB and microbiome-driven biofertilizers. These include inconsistencies in field performance, variability in soil microbiomes, lack of standardized protocols, and regulatory barriers. The success of this integrated approach depends on interdisciplinary collaboration among plant breeders, microbiologists, soil scientists, and agronomists. Furthermore, policy frameworks and farmer awareness programs are essential to facilitate field-level adoption. In conclusion, this review advocates for a holistic paradigm in crop improvement--one that views plants and their microbiomes as co-evolving partners. By bridging plant genetics with microbial biotechnology, microbial-assisted breeding coupled with customized biofertilizer development offers a scalable and sustainable strategy to ensure food security in an era of climate uncertainty. This approach not only enriches our understanding of plant-microbe interactions but also paves the way for ecologically responsible farming practices that can reduce dependency on chemical inputs and regenerate soil health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Phytomicrobiome, Microbial-assisted breeding, PGPR, Synthetic microbial communities, Microbiome engineering, Host-mediated selection, Biofertilizers, Plant-microbe interaction, Metagenomics, Sustainable agriculture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Political ecology is one of the important concepts in studying and contextualising environmental issues. The key references used in the paper explains the spatial relationships of a national and international web of drug production and trafficking. The paper is an attempt to trace the human and environmental interface in a context which leads to conflicts between two mutually co-existing ethnic groups, say the Meiteis and Kukis in the recent past. The paper also tries to understand the cause of the outbreak of the May 3rd 2023 violence between the two communities while raising several issues like what fuelled the outbreak of the violence; are there invisible factors and hands that gains from the conflict? The conflict needs to be examined from a wider lens as it apparently involves forces which are extraneous. For instance, the political instability in Myanmar, long infatuated insurgency movement, large-scale drug trafficking, difficult terrain, unman long porous border, FRM and its spill over to Manipur have played significant role in escalating Manipur conundrum. The moot question, however, is whether the conflict has significantly affected the political economic profile of the region, and Manipur state. Hill-Valley as hyphenated space seems to be becoming a ground for further division and identity politics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ASTUM, FMR, Golden Pentagon, Political Ecology and Drugs

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Tourism has become one of the most dynamic economic sectors globally, contributing significantly to regional development. However, in Maharashtra, tourists often face challenges in accessing trustworthy local guides, discovering lesser-known destinations, and navigating through language and cultural differences. This research introduces "Maharashtra Tour Guide," a role-based smart web application designed to connect tourists with verified local guides, enhance communication, and support digital tourism. Developed using a modern full-stack stack--Vite for frontend tooling, Tailwind CSS for UI design, Node.js and Express.js for backend services, and MongoDB Atlas for scalable data storage--the system provides functionalities such as tour discovery, secure booking, real-time chat, and guide verification by administrators. The paper evaluates each module of the application through functional and integration testing, achieving a 95%+ success rate in all test scenarios. The system's modularity, responsiveness, and secure architecture make it a suitable digital infrastructure for fostering local engagement and promoting smart travel practices. This research not only contributes a practical application but also demonstrates the viability of regional tourism support through scalable and secure web technologies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Tourism, Local Guide Engagement, Smart Travel Systems, Role-based Web Application, Full-stack Development, MongoDB, Node.js

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study explores the role and impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the international business operations of Kamya Fabs, a leading textile manufacturer based in India. As globalization intensifies, businesses are increasingly expected to operate ethically and sustainably across borders

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), CSR strategies, Textile industry, Fair labor practices

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing urgency to transition toward environmentally sustainable agriculture has directed scientific and commercial focus toward the development of advanced biofertilizer formulations and biostimulants. Traditional chemical fertilizers, while effective in boosting crop yields, are associated with long-term ecological consequences including soil nutrient depletion, water pollution, and loss of microbial diversity. As the global agricultural industry pivots toward sustainability, there is growing interest in new-generation biofertilizers and biostimulants that are efficient, eco-friendly, and adaptable to different agro-climatic conditions. This review highlights the recent innovations in biofertilizer formulation technologies and the expanding role of both microbial and non-microbial biostimulants in promoting sustainable farming. Biofertilizers, which consist of living microorganisms such as Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas, have long been used for their abilities to fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphates, and produce growth-promoting hormones. However, the conventional forms of these products--typically carrier-based powders or granules--suffer from drawbacks such as short shelf-life, sensitivity to environmental stress, and poor root colonization. To address these limitations, new formulation strategies have been introduced, including nano-encapsulation, polymer-based coatings, and biofilm-based delivery systems. These approaches significantly enhance the survivability, colonization efficiency, and controlled release of microbial inoculants in the rhizosphere. Simultaneously, biostimulants--substances that enhance plant growth without being direct nutrient sources--have gained attention for their ability to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and temperature fluctuations. These include microbial biostimulants like PGPR and non-microbial sources such as seaweed extracts, humic and fulvic acids, amino acids, protein hydrolysates, and botanical extracts (e.g., moringa and neem). The review discusses how these compounds stimulate plant metabolic processes, enhance nutrient uptake, and improve overall plant vigor and productivity. Furthermore, there is a notable trend toward the development of combination products that integrate microbial biofertilizers with non-microbial biostimulants. These integrated formulations provide synergistic effects--offering the benefits of nutrient solubilization, hormone production, stress tolerance, and enhanced soil health in a single application. Innovations in liquid biofertilizers, nano-biofertilizers, and shelf-stable inoculants are making these products more accessible and user-friendly for farmers. In addition to formulation, the review also covers industry-relevant aspects such as quality control standards, regulatory policies, and the scalability of new technologies. Advances in molecular tools, AI-driven optimization, and field validation methods are also discussed as enablers of rapid product development and adoption. The success of these innovations, however, depends on farmer education, field-level trials, and supportive policy ecosystems.In conclusion, the convergence of microbiology, nanotechnology, and plant physiology is driving a new era of sustainable input development. By harnessing the power of nature through scientific innovation, next-generation biofertilizers and biostimulants offer a path forward for climate-resilient, low-input agriculture. Their successful implementation not only addresses the limitations of chemical fertilizers but also contributes to restoring soil health, increasing productivity, and aligning agriculture with global sustainability goals.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Biofertilizer formulation, Biostimulants, Nano-biofertilizers, PGPR, Seaweed extracts, Sustainable farming, Encapsulation technology, Liquid inoculants, Microbial consortia, Plant growth promotion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition