Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This research looks at the part played by morphology in learning to read and its influence in bilingual students in both alphabet and non-alphabet-based languages. Identifying and working with morphemes in language is linked to better word recognition, building vocabulary and understand what is read. The paper discusses the way in which children's ability to learn different forms of speech develops, affects their ability to form sounds and grammar and helps them grow in reading and writing. The study explains that morphological features such as those found in English, Chinese, Arabic and Kurdish, work differently and examines how transferring some aspects from one language to another takes place when people master different languages. It seems that detailed instruction about how words are built in a language greatly supports fast reading, mainly in settings where multiple languages are used. It is clearly shown in the research that teaching morphology improves literacy for learners from many different language backgrounds and ages.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Morphological Competence, Reading Development, Bilingual Literacy, Literacy Instruction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have become increasingly prevalent in diets worldwide, raising serious public health concerns. UPFs are characterized by high levels of added sugars, unhealthy fats, sodium, and synthetic additives, and their intake has been linked to a heightened risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Global consumption of UPFs has risen dramatically in the past few decades, now accounting for roughly half of daily caloric intake in some high-income populations. These foods are engineered for hyper-palatability and convenience but often lack essential nutrients, contributing to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiome disruptions that underlie their association with NCDs. This review summarizes evidence from the past 15 years on UPF consumption trends (globally and in India), the health and nutritional impacts of UPFs, and the mechanisms by which they exacerbate NCD risk. Socio-economic and behavioral drivers of UPF consumption - including urbanization, affordability, convenience, and aggressive marketing - are also examined. Conclusions: UPF intake is strongly correlated with adverse health outcomes and represents an urgent challenge for public health. Reducing UPF consumption will require multi-sectoral strategies, from policy interventions (e.g. improved food labelling, marketing regulations) to public education and improved access to minimally processed foods. The paper also outlines key areas for future research to inform evidence-based policies and interventions on this critical issue.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs), Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), Obesity, Public health, Dietary trends, Food policy interventions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores the key determinants influencing Indian women's preferences and purchasing decisions regarding beauty products, focusing on the roles of digital marketing, brand attributes, cultural influences, and sustainability concerns. With a sample of 100 Indian women aged 18 to 45, the research employs purposive sampling to capture insights from both Generation Z and Millennials across various regions of India. Using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, chi-square tests, and regression analysis, the study identifies and categorizes the primary factors that shape consumer behavior in this sector. Findings reveal that digital marketing, especially social media advertising and influencer endorsements, plays a dominant role in driving purchase intentions, with younger women showing significantly higher responsiveness to these channels. Brand attributes such as quality, reputation, and packaging are also critical in shaping consumer choices. Additionally, cultural and regional influences continue to affect beauty product preferences, underscoring the importance of tradition and localized marketing. Sustainability concerns, while currently a secondary factor, indicate rising consumer awareness about eco-friendly and ethical product attributes. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex motivations behind beauty product consumption in India, offering practical implications for marketers to design targeted strategies that combine digital engagement, cultural relevance, and sustainability initiatives. By aligning their marketing efforts with these key determinants, beauty brands can better meet the evolving needs of Indian women consumers, enhancing customer loyalty and market competitiveness.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indian women, Beauty Products, Digital Marketing, Cultural Influences, Sustainability Concerns

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the digital age, online social media platforms have become prime targets for malicious actors to disseminate spam through deceptive reviews, undermining the trustworthiness of content and user engagement. This paper presents Network-Centric Spam Detection: A Framework for Identifying Malicious Review Patterns in Online Social Media, a comprehensive approach that leverages network analysis to uncover suspicious behaviors and relationships among users and reviews. Unlike traditional content-based or behavior-based detection methods, the proposed framework models review interactions as a graph structure, enabling the identification of hidden spam campaigns through community detection, centrality metrics, and link prediction techniques. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework in isolating coordinated spam networks with high precision and recall, showcasing its potential to enhance spam mitigation strategies across diverse platforms. This work contributes to the evolving field of trustworthy social computing by emphasizing the importance of relational patterns in spam detection.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Spam Detection, Online Social Media, Malicious Reviews, Network Analysis, Graph-based Framework, Community Detection, Review Patterns, Trustworthiness, Social Graph, Anomalous Behavior Detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the impact of Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation on hotels in Coimbatore, analyzing operational, financial, and customer-related challenges. Primary data was collected through surveys from 50 hoteliers, supplemented by secondary data from GST filings (2017-2023). Findings reveal mixed outcomes: while luxury hotels benefited from input tax credits, budget hotels faced compliance burdens. Customer pricing sensitivity increased post-GST, affecting occupancy rates. The study recommends simplified GST procedures for SMEs and targeted government support. This research contributes to regional GST literature, offering actionable insights for policymakers and the hospitality sector.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

GST, Coimbatore Hotels, Post-GST Impact, Hospitality Industry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a natural rose-based soap using herbal and essential oil components. Rose soap is a luxurious cleansing product enriched with rose petals, rose essential oil, olive oil, rosehip seed oil, glycerin base, and rose kaolin clay. These ingredients were selected for their moisturizing, soothing, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making the formulation suitable for sensitive and acne-prone skin. The soap was prepared using the melt-and-pour method, with steam-distilled rose oil incorporated for fragrance and therapeutic benefits. The final product exhibited a pleasant aroma, a light pink color, and a pH of 7, indicating its suitability for various skin types. The study highlights the potential of herbal soaps as a gentle alternative to commercial products, offering skin hydration, anti-aging benefits, and minimal irritation. However, factors like allergenicity and cost due to natural extracts are also considered.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Essential oil in skin care, Anti inflammatory soap, Moisturizing soap, Skin friendly so soap, Natural skin careo pH balanced soapo Rose petal soapo Steam distillation Rose oil, Soap for sensitive skin, Natural soap formulation, Herbal soap, Rose soap, Rose oil, Glycerine soap base, Rose keolin clay, Olive oil in soap, Rosehip seed oil, Soap formulation, Soap evaluation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The snack food industry is experiencing a substantial change in direction towards healthier and more convenient options. These changes are a result of several consumer lifestyles combined with a growth in dietary awareness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Consumer Preference, Healthy Snacks, Smackoz Products.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is becoming a superpower in the fast-paced world of today thanks to its advancements in technology and other areas. However, there hasn't been a significant decline in the crime rate against women and children. For this reason, in order to lower the number of crimes against women and children, greater awareness and technological assistance are required. Our proposal is for a "Safety Device using IOT" that tracks the victim's whereabouts continually using a GPS tracking system, calls phone numbers registered with the system, and sends out continuous SMS messages with the victim's location. We are attempting to address the current need for widely available, affordably accessible technology with this system that we are developing. The abstract presents a women's security device that enhances women's security through GPS tracking and alerts. The Arduino microcontroller platform serves as the system's main building block and allows for the integration of several sensors and communication tools. Because the device is designed to be easily carried and portable, women may always have it with them. GPS tracking technology allows for real-time position monitoring, which can expedite emergency response times. The alerts system uses a combination of vibration and sound to warn the user and anybody nearby in the event of danger.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women's Safety Device with GPS tracking and alerts, GPS tracking, emergency alerts, IOT based security, Arduino microcontroller, GSM module, buzzer, relay, real time location monitoring.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The exportation of raw materials by metal dowel fabrication companies is a vital facial expression of world-wide trade and industrial supply mountain chain. Metal dowel are critical part in construction, automotive, and machinery industry, contributing significantly to the strength, stableness, and precision of structural assemblies.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

metal dowel , trade tariffs , regulatory restraint

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Context: - Neck pain is a common problem among population. It can occur at any phase of their lives. Cervicalgia is another name of neck pain. Tightness of cervical muscles and upper back, muscles or compression of the nerves can cause neck pain that radiate from vertebrae in cervical region. Aims: - To evaluate the effectiveness of MANUAL THERAPY and PNF Stretching Exercises in reducing pain and improving functional disability in students suffering from mechanical neck pain. Study design: - Experimental study (Pre-test, post-test matched pair design) Setting: - Outpatient Physiotherapy clinic. Material and Methodology: - The study had pre - test, post-test experimental group design. There are two group each having 15 subjects. Group A included 15 patients who were treated hot packs, PNF stretching and neck isometrics. Group B included 15 patients who were treated with hot packs, Manual therapy and Neck isometrics. Statistical analysis: The data analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Software package and statistical test used is paired t-Test to compare the effectiveness of associated functional disability. A significant value of P <0.05 was set. Results: Based on the mean scores and their differences, both PNF stretching exercises (Group-A) and Manual therapy (Group-B) are statistically significant in reducing mechanical neck pain and improving functional disability among undergraduate students (greater than P<0.05% level) Conclusion: It has been concluded that PNF Stretching exercises is better than manual therapy in reducing and improving neck pain and functional disability of the students.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pain, PNF, Manual Therapy, Neck Disability Index, NPRS.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition