Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Transdermal drug transport systems (TDDS) have become a groundbreaking method in modern pharmacology. providing an innovative, non-invasive approach for administering Topical medicinal drugs. These systems offer several advantages, which include managed drug release, reduced aspect consequences, and stepped forward affected person adherence. This evaluation traces the historical evolution of TDDS, from early rudimentary packages to advanced drug delivery mechanisms employing nanotechnology, microneedles, and wearable gadgets included with actual-time tracking competencies. The materials and technology underpinning TDDS, together with polymer matrices, permeation enhancers, and smart structures, are examined in detail, along with strategies to deal with challenges like the pores and skin's barrier homes and drug stability. latest improvements spotlight the ability of TDDS in customized medication, wherein synthetic intelligence and adaptive delivery structures permit tailor-made treatments based on individual affected person wishes. whilst regulatory and system challenges persist, improvements along with materials, mixture treatment options, and precision-engineered drug providers are increasing the applicability of TDDS. searching ahead, TDDS is ready to tackle a vital role in addressing the healing demands of continual diseases, biologics, and focused treatments, solidifying its position as a cornerstone of destiny healthcare innovations.

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 Keywords

Transdermal drug transport systems (TDDS), tailor-made treatments, nanotechnology, customized medication, precision-engineered drug.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper describes an intelligent, automated system for the early diagnosis of nail diseases using deep learning techniques. Nail diseases may represent other health conditions, such as fungal infections, skin diseases, and systemic diseases. Existing methods for diagnosing nail diseases still rely on visual, manual inspections or thin nail clippings, which are relative, subjective assessments, manual, and difficult to scale. The proposed system utilizes deep learning, specifically convolutional neural networks, and custom implementation of the well-known VGG16 and GoogLeNet architectures, to classify nail images into eight different diseases. Feature-level and decision level fusion provided a vehicle to improve prediction accuracy by taking advantage of the strengths of each architecture. We trained the mode on a custom dataset of annotated nail images, performing appropriate preprocessing and augmentation, and produced a user-friendly, real-time disease prediction system, using Streamlit, through the provision of a frontend user interface, simply requiring users to upload their nail images . Evaluation metrics such as overall accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score indicate that the proposed fusion-based architecture performs better than either individual model. Overall, the system provides a good alternative to existing invasive methods for diagnosing nail diseases, especially for healthcare access with certain health challenges such as being in remote locations. The system represents an alternative early diagnosis model, which is automated, non-invasive, and scalable.

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 Keywords

Nail Disease Detection, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks ,VGG16, GoogLeNet, Feature - Level Fusion, Decision - Level Fusion , Medical Image Classification, Streamlit GUI, Early Health Assessment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Healthy status of women is very much needed for society. In today's fast and competitive world, there is change in the lifestyle of women which leads to their physical and mental stress, women mostly gets affected by this environment and are prone to Gynaecological problems like vulval itching, white discharge, burning micturition, dyspareunia and vaginal infections. In Ayurveda many local therapies i.e Sthanika Chikitsa are described for the management of common gynecological disorders. These local therapies basically play an important role in the Disorders of TryavartaYoni. Sthanik Chikitsa preferably includes Yonidhawan (Douche of vagina),Yoni-Pichu (Tampooning per vaginum), Yoni Dhoopan (Fumigation of vagina), Yoni-Varti (Vaginal suppository), Yoni- Lepana (Vaginal painting), Yonipuran ( Vaginal packing),Yoni Parisheka, Pinda Chikitsa, Uttarbasti (Medicated oil or decoction is pushed into the uterine cavity through vagina), Agnikarma (Cauterization) and Ksharakarma (Chemical cauterization) etc. In the conseptual study all these local therapies are revised through ancient Samhitas, and these therapies are reviewed with their meanings, indications, procedures, application site.The main intend behind it to motivate most of the Ayurveda gynecologists for the use of Sthanika Chikitsa in day to day practice by providing them all the information in brief.

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 Keywords

Sthanik Chikitsa, Ayurveda, Yonivyapad, Streerog.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study looks into the risk factors and prevalence of pre-diabetes in young adults between the ages of 19 and 22. Early detection of pre-diabetic conditions is essential to putting preventive measures into place, as the incidence of diabetes is on the rise globally. In order to gather information on demographics, lifestyle factors, family history, and physiological indicators like blood pressure and blood glucose levels, the study used a cross-sectional survey design with 200 participants. The results show that a sizable portion of participants have symptoms that are in line with pre-diabetic conditions, which are greatly impacted by variables like a sedentary lifestyle, irregular eating patterns, and a family history of diabetes. In order to stop pre-diabetes from developing into type 2 diabetes, the study highlights the significance of early screening, awareness, and lifestyle changes among young adults

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 Keywords

Pre-diabetes, Young adults, Lifestyle factors, Blood glucose, Type 2 diabetes prevention

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research paper explores the transformative role of web applications in enhancing digitization and streamlining service delivery across three critical sectors: agriculture, e-commerce, and government. By analyzing real-world systems such as an agricultural web portal, online shopping platforms, and a government job alert web app, the study highlights how these applications reduce manual effort, improve efficiency, ensure data accuracy, and provide user-friendly interfaces. The implementation of web technologies enables seamless access, real-time updates, and scalable solutions tailored to evolving user needs. The paper concludes that web applications significantly contribute to the digital infrastructure, empowering users and stakeholders through improved accessibility, reliability, and service reach.

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Transforming Services through Web Applications: A Comparative Study of Agriculture, E-Commerce, and Government Sectors

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Arsha is the commonest anorectal condition seen in the practice of proctology. Recent statistics reveals that more than 60% of population suffers from this disease. In modern Arshas can be correlated with hemorrhoids. Chronic constipation is a most common cause of hemorrhoids. Usually due to chronic constipation more pressure exerted on Haemorrhoidal veins as they have not contain any extra bony support hence it causes friction in the region which leads to varicosity of Haemorrhoidal veins which again due to chronic constipation yet strained and burst resulting in formation of haemorrhoidal mass. Bleeding per rectum, Pain, Constipation, Itching, Burning sensation are the characteristic features of Hemorrhoids. Yoga is a collection of body postures but total living an eternal source of scintillating health and happiness Yoga can help ease the pain and discomfort of digestive troubles like constipation. Yoga alleviates constipation. The way yoga benefits digestive system is through twisting poses, inversions, and forward folds. These poses massage to digestive organs, increase blood flow and oxygen delivery, aid the process of peristalsis, and encourage stools to move through digestive system. Doing yoga regularly can result in regular, healthy bowel movements with postures of different Yogasanas like Vajrasana, Halasana, Paschimottasana, Matsyasana, Sarvangasana, Bhujangasana.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Arshas, Hemorrhoids, Yoga, Yogasana

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Chatbots are key tools for intelligent communication, offering real-time, automated responses across various domains. This paper introduces a Python-based, voice-enabled chatbot tailored for academic environments. It supports both speech and text input/output, using natural language processing (NLP), speech recognition, and text-to-speech (TTS) to handle user queries effectively. The system utilizes a structured JSON knowledge base to provide quick, context-aware responses on topics such as admissions, courses, and facilities. Built with libraries such as speech recognition, pyttsx3, and json, it ensures smooth, intuitive interaction without complex navigation. Notably, the chatbot operates offline, making it suitable for areas with low connectivity. Its modular design also supports future enhancements, including sentiment analysis, multilingual features, and cloud integration. This paper highlights how AI-driven voice interfaces can enhance human-computer interaction, streamline academic support, and improve access to institutional information.

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 Keywords

Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning (ML), emotional recognition, ELIZA, Neural Conversational Model, GPT-3, voice-enabled chatbot, Levenstein Distance algorithm, lemmatization, fuzzy matcher.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This article examines the historical development of juvenile justice in India from 1773 to 2000, analyzing legislative and institutional reforms across four phases: pre-legislative (1773-1850), colonial legislative (1850-1919), state-driven (1919-1950), and post-constitutional (post-1950). Using primary sources (statutes, colonial reports) and secondary legal scholarship, the study traces the shift from punitive to reformative approaches, influenced by British, American, and Swedish legal frameworks, Indian constitutional mandates, and international conventions. Findings highlight the recognition of juvenile developmental needs, establishment of specialized courts, and reduction of criminal liabilities for minors. The article underscores the interplay of colonial governance, indigenous advocacy, and global standards in shaping a welfare-oriented juvenile justice system.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Juvenile justice, India, colonial legislation, reformation, constitutional law, international conventions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship of Academic Success of student-teachers with Teaching Aptitude and Attitude Towards Teaching Profession. The study group was consisted of students teachers (N=300) from three types of colleges of education in Chennai and Kancheepuram districts of Tamilnadu, India, affiliated to the University of TNTEU. The methodology of the study was survey and data were collected by using Teaching Aptitude Test (DSTAT) designed by Dr. Surender S. Dahiya and Dr. L. C. Singh and the scale to measure Attitude Towards Teaching Profession developed and standardized by the researcher. The scores for Academic Success had been derived from the scores of results of the B.Ed examination conducted by the colleges of TNTEU for the session 2024-25. The findings of the study revealed that in case of Teaching profession, male student teachers had better Attitude Towards Teaching Profession.

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Academic Success, student-teachers, Attitude Towards Teaching Profession teacher education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Skin diseases are one of the most common health disorders worldwide, but early and correct diagnosis is a problem, particularly for areas with an inadequate supply of dermatologists. The current paper offers an end-to-end diagnostic system entirely based on deep learning methods for detecting and classifying different skin diseases from dermatoscopic images. With the help of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the model learns and extracts complex skin patterns from images automatically without manual feature engineering. Having been trained on a publicly available dermatology dataset, the system shows robust performance for various skin types and disease classes. With the help of the power of deep learning, this method presents a scalable and effective solution that can help healthcare workers and possibly introduce dermatological screening systems to low-income populations. The findings discuss the revolutionary power of AI in enhancing access to correct skin disease diagnosis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Deep Learning, Skin Disease Detection, Computer-Aided Diagnosis, Image-Based Disease Prediction, Automated Diagnosis, Medical Image Classification.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition