Volume 12 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This article examines the major barriers to effective professional development for English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers, with a particular focus on the context of Oman. Despite the critical role of continuous professional development (CPD) in improving teaching practices and student outcomes, there are numerous challenges that hider its successful implementation. This study recognizes six major barriers for successful continuous professional programs. The article provides a detailed analysis of each of these barriers through a review of existing literature, including works by Afshar and Ghasemi (2017), Lorimer (2018), and Omar (2014). It highlights the lack of adequate funding and resources as primary obstacles to CPD, with frugal budgets limiting access to high-quality CPD opportunities, especially in developing countries. The ubiquitous time constraints are also significant factors, as teachers often struggle to balance their professional responsibilities with the demands of ongoing development. The relevance and practicality of CPD programs are vital for their success, yet many programs do not address the specific requirements and contexts of EFL teachers. Furthermore, inadequate administrative support and a lack of collaborative culture deter the healthy concept of sharing of best practices. Technological barriers like limited access to necessary tools and digital literacy skills further complicate the issue. Lastly, the article also discusses the unique cultural and educational challenges in Oman, emphasizing the need for cultural appropriateness of CPD programs rendered in the country. The findings highlight the necessity of addressing these barriers to improve the effectiveness of professional development ventures and support the professional growth of EFL teachers.

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 Keywords

English Language Teaching (ELT), Professional Development Programs (PDPs), EFL Teachers, Barriers to Professional Development, Funding and Resources, Time Constraints, Support and Collaboration, Administrative Support, Technological Barriers, Oman, Continuous Professional Development (CPD).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Erlotinib, RP-HPLC, Validation, Lipid based nanoformulation, Analytical method

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It is well known that languages have an interconnection with each other with the constant reciprocation of words. This results in an influence of one on another. Such a reciprocation and influence of language languages can be traced or seen from the literature. Though subscript has a very long stretch of multi thousand years, there has been a parallel flow of original languages. Now, those languages of the Indian subcontinent are known as Prakrit. Which eventually emerged into today's original languages of India. In this article, we are trying to mark the similarities and differences of language structure of Sanskrit and Marathi, Which highlights the abiding connection of the duo.

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Sanskrit, Marathi, comparative method, grammatical structure, influence of subscript, similarities, and dissimilarities.

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Social media has become a vital part of peoples' lives in the twenty-first century by offering a forum for communication and information exchange. As a result, it has a big impact on customer purchasing decisions by increasing brand recognition and memory through constant advertising. The purpose of this study is to investigate how consumers make purchases in relation to social media. Using a robust sampling technique, the study combined secondary data from 14 conference articles with primary data from 130 replies to a structured questionnaire. To look at the correlations between the variables, statistical analysis was done using SPSS software, specifically chi-square and factor analysis. The results demonstrate how social media strengthens the bonds between companies and customers.

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Social Media, Consumer Behavior,Brand recognition,Advertising Customer purchasing decisions

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Introduction- Social media's impact on mental health complicates social service delivery on the micro level due to the significant growth of mental health symptoms. As more individuals are presenting with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, etc. due to their social media use, increased service providers are needed. Mental health service providers need to be aware of social media's impact on mental health to better serve individuals affected by this issue. There is also a need for further training on how to assess for social media use and the potential impacts on mental health. Having an increased understanding of the impacts of social media use will lead to more efficient and effective treatment for clients. Methodology- the currents study was Descriptive research design conducted at Narayan world school. The total sample size was consisting 400 study participants were selected by using purposive non randomized sampling techniques. The data collection by the face-to-face interview method by the using self-made questionnaire. The data analysis by the descriptive inferential statistics and paired "t" test and chi-square test to determine the psychological effects and selected demographic variables regarding the social media among teenagers of Narayan world school. Results- The present study revealed that out of 400 particiapants150 (37.5%) belongs to 10th and 11th std. Majority of students, 364 (91%) were coming from home. Most of the students, 192 (48%) belongs to joint family. Majority of them, 322 (80.5%) were not engaged in performing exercise daily while most of the participants were using social media for bridging social capital and some of them suffered from social isolation. The significant of the study was between psychological effects of social media and selected demographic variables such as age, year of study, type of family, socioeconomic-status, performing regular exercise was p-value less <0.005 Discussion and conclusion- The study findings revealed that there is strong positive correlation between social media addiction and bonding social capital and social media addiction and psychological wellbeing while age, year of study type of family, socioeconomic-status and performing regular exercise are significantly associated with the psychological effects of social media thus an informational booklet will help the students to use social media in a better way.

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 Keywords

Keyword- social media, mental health , teenagers

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The epistemological structure of Islamic tradition encompasses a synthesis of revelation, reason, and interpretation. The search for knowledge has been central to the Islamic tradition from its inception in the Quran and the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (Hadith). Revelation, primarily through the Qur'an and Hadith, provides the foundational knowledge, while reason, known as 'aql in Arabic, is used to understand and interpret this knowledge within the context of human experience and intellect. Islamic jurisprudence, or fiqh, involves the systematic application of these sources to various aspects of life, guiding Islamic practices and ethics. Additionally, the tradition values scholarly consensus, or ijma, and analogical reasoning, or qiyas, as tools for interpreting and adapting Islamic teachings to contemporary contexts. This structure fosters a dynamic interaction between divine guidance and human understanding, shaping the reality and practices of Islam. Islamic epistemology holds that religion, or God's revelation, is a source of ultimate knowledge and truth that may be received through (1) the Al-Quran; (2) Hadith; (3) the five senses; (4) the intellect; and (5) Qalb, or the heart. God is viewed as the source of knowledge and truth, with humanity as its center. The goal of epistemology is to cast doubt on the validity of knowledge as well as on what knowledge is and how to obtain it. One of the primary sources of revelation-based knowledge for Muslims is Islamic theology. Playing language games helps one acquire knowledge, and its veracity is accepted as gospel with a stronger logical argument. Muslims have an obligation to examine every facet of Islamic theology by utilizing social science approaches to clarify a religious phenomenon. The objective of this paper is to examine the concept of epistemology in Islamic education. As a methodology a qualitative documentary analysis approach is adopted for this study. Islamic epistemological knowledge is necessary to solve the world's complicated challenges because Islam, which derives from Allah SWT's revelation, has been proven to be a reliable source of truth and a trustworthy guide to life.

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Epistemology, Islamic teaching, Islamic epistemology, Islamic theology, Islamic philosophy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: As our lifecycle grows more technologically savvy, we are moving away from the natural world. Today,we are not using herbs as much as in ancient times.herbs are found in nature ,and due to this,they have no side effects , are also relatively safe , environmentally friendly and locally accessible.Medicinal plant are very helpful for treatment of various illnesses.. There is a world wide interest in searching for The safe new phytochemical condition such as mouth ulcer ,throat infection, and other ailments. In light of this details, the currently study attempts to create and assess herbal lollipop with anti-inflammatory properties utilising seed extract from sterculia Lychnophora and root extract of licorice. The preliminary goal of this research is to increase retention time of the dosage forms in oral cavity and increase bioavailability, reduction in gastric irritation by passing first pass metabolism. The lollipop were prepared by heating and congealing method using methyl cellulose citric acid as a polymer.the advantage of current study include the tablet and capsule are difficult for pediatrics patients to swallow or have an unpleasant taste, the traditional dosage forms such as syrup , tablet,and capsules are inconvenient for them. The need is to create new technologies has therefore been growing daily. For the analysis of drug many instrumental techniques were used. The produce lollipop formulation underwent tested for anti-inflammatory efficacy, hardness, friability, thickness, and weight variation.

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Lollipop, sterculia Lychnophora seed, Anti-inflammatory activity, licorice root

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Saptha Vidangar Sthalam holds a glorious history deeply rooted in Hindu mythology and religious significance. This sacred site, comprising seven temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, is steeped in legend and spiritual importance. The term "Saptha Vidangar" translates to "seven medicinal herbs" in Tamil, reflecting the belief in the healing properties of the plants surrounding the temples. Each temple within Saptha Vidangar Sthalam showcases unique architectural styles and is associated with various mythological narratives. Pilgrims visit these temples seeking blessings, spiritual solace, and the supposed medicinal benefits attributed to the site. This study explores the rich historical and religious heritage of Saptha Vidangar Sthalam, highlighting its significance in Hindu culture and mythology.

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Saptha Vidangar Sthalam, Hindu mythology, Lord Shiva temples, sacred site, Tamil Nadu, religious significance, architectural styles, mythological narratives, pilgrimage, spiritual solace, medicinal herbs

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Many students face problems regarding numbers. The use of five frame and ten frame can help such students to improve and develop their number sense in a significant manner.

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Number Sense

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Face serum are often used to manage specific skin concerns such as wrinkles, acne, dry skin and dullness. They are designed to brighten, hydrate and provide a variety of benefits, depending on the types of serum you use. Aloe vera gel is commonly used to treat different skin disease, sun burn, minor cuts, insect bites,, and used as wound healing, Anti-inflammatory, anti- bacterial, and Anti-fungal effect. Serum has a property of rapid absorption and ability to penetrate into deeper layer of the skin. Serum usually contains a higher concentration of Active ingredients compared to moisturizers. Facial wrinkles and skin aging are undesirable outcome of photo damage and ultraviolet (UV) rays. The face serum was evaluated for its Physiochemical parameters, pH, globule size, consistency.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Herbal serum, skin etc

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition