Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Introduction: Kaphaja shirashoola is one among the 11 types of shirashoolas explained in Ayurveda.As there is kapha prakopa, dull aching pain, heaviness of the head, and lethargy are common symptoms of kaphaja shirashoola. Kaphaja shirashoola can be compared with sinusitis due to similarities in symptoms.Ayurvedic management of kaphaja shirashoola involves internal medicines along with kriyakalpas like nasya,gandusha etc.Acharya sushrutha has mentioned about raktamokshana for shirorogas in siravyadhavidhi adhyaya. Materials and methods: A 49-year-old female visited the department of Shalakya Tantra OPD with complaints of severe headache and heaviness of the head associated with nasal obstruction. She received viddhakarma procedure at specific sites, which helps in samprapti vighatana and immediate symptomatic relief. Internal medicines were also prescribed. Result: Viddhakarma helped in relieving the symptoms and along with internal medicines yielded significant improvement within 7 days. Conclusion: Kaphaja shirashoola symptoms can be managed through viddhakarma. When given in combination with internal medicines helps in treating the disease more faster.

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Key words: Kaphaja shirashoola, Viddhakarma, sinusitis,Dashamoolakatutrayam Kashayam,Chitrakadi Vati

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Plants are one the major source of drugs in all the medical systems. Indigenous plants are a plant which is local to that area and not available elsewhere. These plants have various phyto - chemicals which have properties to produce various symptoms. According to law of similia if that medicine use for curing the disease than undoubtedly prove very helpful. This article is trying to show the potential utility of the Indigenous Homoeopathic Drugs specially - Rauvolfia, Bael, Neem & Tulsi in the treatment of disease.

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Bael, Homoeopathy, Indigenous plant, Neem, Phyto-chemical, Rauvolfia, Tulsi.

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Introduction: The OSPE is an approach of clinical competence in which the components of competencies are assisting in a plan or structured way with attention being paid to the objectivity of the examination. It is the method of assessment where a student's competence is tested objectively rather than subjectively and the areas tested are carefully planned by examiners. The Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) is a crucial assessment method in nursing education designed to evaluate students' clinical skills and competencies in a structured and objective manner. However, the knowledge of nursing students regarding OSPE often remains limited due to insufficient exposure and training. Objectives: 1. To evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Evaluation Program on knowledge regarding OSPE among B.Sc. Nursing III Semester Students. 2. To find the association between level of knowledge scores (Pre-test) regarding OSPE with their selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was used for the study. A total of 50 B.Sc. Nursing III semester students were selected by using convenient sampling technique. A structured educational program on OSPE was implemented, and students' knowledge levels were assessed before and after the program using a standardized knowledge questionnaire. This study was conducted in B.Sc. Nursing III Semester students at Bora Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Lucknow. Results: There was a significant improvement in the students' knowledge regarding OSPE following the structured evaluation program. This was evidenced by the increase in post-test scores compared to pre-test scores, with a mean difference of 6.06, as confirmed by the paired samples t-test (t = 12.71, p < 0.001). This indicates that the structured evaluation program effectively enhanced the students' understanding of OSPE. Conclusion: The structured evaluation program was effective in enhancing students' knowledge regarding OSPE. Gender differences in knowledge improvement suggest the need for gender-sensitive educational interventions to ensure equitable learning outcomes. The study highlights the importance of integrating structured evaluation programs into nursing curricula to address knowledge gaps in key assessment methods and enhance students' preparedness for clinical practice. Future research should focus on exploring the long-term impact of such educational interventions and the underlying factors contributing to gender disparities in nursing education.

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OSPE, Effectiveness, Structured Evaluation Programme, Nursing College.

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Abstract This research paper presents an econometric investigation into the intricate relationship between gender inequality, operationalized through the female labour force participation rate (LFPR), and aggregate economic growth, measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, specifically within the Indian macroeconomic context. Employing a robust time-series econometric methodology, including Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests, Johansen cointegration analysis, and both short-run and long-run error correction models (ECM), this study aims to quantify the directional impact and magnitude of these key macroeconomic variables. The empirical findings reveal a statistically significant long-run equilibrium relationship, highlighting the substantial influence of female labour force participation on India's economic trajectory. Furthermore, other pertinent macroeconomic indicators such as gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), population growth rate (PGR), and secondary school enrollment (SSE) are incorporated into the model to provide a comprehensive analytical framework. The Granger causality test is also conducted to elucidate the lead-lag dynamics between LFPR and GDP per capita. This study contributes to the extant literature by providing rigorous empirical evidence on the economic ramifications of gender equality in a major emerging economy, thereby offering data-driven insights for evidence-based policymaking aimed at fostering inclusive and sustainable economic development in India.

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Gender Inequality, Female Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR), Economic Growth, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita.

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Abstract: Madhumeha, a subtype of 20 types of Prameha, is analogous to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and poses a major public health burden globally. Traditional Ayurvedic approaches offers promising alternatives to manage this chronic metabolic disorder. Madhumeha is more of a life style disorder. Aim: To study the clinical efficacy of Bh?vita Ko??tak? Phala curna in the management of Madhumeha- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. METHOD: The study was a randomized controlled clinical study on 40 diagnosed patients of madhumeha (diabetes), divided into two groups. group a were administered Bh?vita Ko??tak? Phala C?r?a (500 mg, 2 capsules BD with lukewarm water) and GROUP B with mesashringi patra churna C?r?a (500 mg, 2 capsules BD with lukewarm water) for 12weeks. Evaluation was done based on the Subjective parameters like Polyurea, Polyphagia, Polydypsia etc and Objective parameters like FBS, PPBS, HbA1C and Urine sugar. Result: Bh?vita Ko??tak? Phala, the fruit of Luffa acutangula Linn.Roxb., has shown potential antidiabetic activity compared to Mesasringi Patra curna

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Bh?vita Ko??tak? Phala, Madhumeha, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Ayurvedic Medicine, Bh?vana Process, Glycemic Control, Herbal Hypoglycemic Agents

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Introduction The Pahalgam Attack of 2025 represents a thematic shift in the current history of terrorism in South Asia and an uneasy relationship between India and Pakistan. The attack happened on April 22, 2025, against a convoy of Hindu pilgrims and domestic tourists in the picturesque town of Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir. Carried out by a Pakistan-based militant organization, the attack cost the lives of 26 civilians, with many more injured, provoking an escalation immediately in the diplomatic arena as well as a stark increase in military readiness levels on either side.

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Pahalgam attack,thematic,Realism ,Constructivism

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Introduction: Health is considered as a basic parameter to life. There are many things that can affect the health of the living organism, including the physical state of the body as well as the mind and the mental state. Being healthy equates too many positive attributes. It means more efficiency, more productivity at work, a better understanding of the environment as well as better longevity. HIV Means Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a retrovirus that infects the immune system, destroying its function. A virus is an agent that causes diseases. It is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV targets the white blood cell called CD4+ cells which fight off infections. When a host is infected with HIV, the virus multiplies in the host's system, destroying his/her ability to fight diseases. In this regard, such a person becomes susceptible or vulnerable to various diseases as the virus multiplies and the immune system gets depleted. Thus, when the body is now so weak to fight off infections, the individual is said to have AIDS. The virus is spread through certain body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid and breast milk of infected person. Objectives: 1. To evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Educational Programme on the level of knowledge and attitude of first year nursing students towards HIV/AIDS. 2. To find the association between the level of knowledge and attitude scores (Pre-test) regarding HIV/AIDS with their selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was used for the study. A total of 80 first year nursing students were selected by using purposive sampling technique. A structured educational program on HIV/AIDS was implemented, and students' knowledge & attitude levels were assessed before and after the program using a standardized knowledge questionnaire and attitude scales. This study was conducted in B.Sc. Nursing and GNM students at Bora Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Lucknow. Results: The result of the study depicts that the knowledge and attitude level of the students regarding HIV/AIDS showed that in pretest score, majority of the student's i.e. 72.5% were having average knowledge, 80% were having neutral attitude, 7.5% were having poor knowledge, and remaining 20% have a positive attitude and 20% having good knowledge where as in post test score all of them had very good knowledge on HIV/AIDS and where as in posttest all of them had good level of performance on HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that the students lacked adequate knowledge and attitude regarding HIV/AIDS and the structured educational programme administered by the investigator helped them to improve the knowledge and attitude on HIV/AIDS. The effectiveness of structured Educational programme was tested in terms of gain in knowledge and attitude and the findings showed that it was statistically significant at 0.05 level. All the subjects had again in knowledge and attitude compared to their pre-test knowledge scores.

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Effectiveness, Structured Educational Programme, Nursing Students.

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Image inpainting is a challenging computer vision task that focuses on reconstructing missing or occluded regions in images, preserving semantic and structural consistency. This paper presents a novel deep learning-based inpainting framework combining a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based generator and a Context-Aware Network (CANet) to address the limitations of traditional convolutional approaches. The GAN generator employs an encoder-bottleneck-decoder architecture, effectively capturing global image features and generating plausible content for masked areas. Meanwhile, CANet enhances the inpainting quality by incorporating context-sensitive attention mechanisms through Context-Aware Convolutions (CAB) and Cross-Scale Context Attention (CSCA), enabling better feature propagation and spatial coherence. The proposed approach is trained and evaluated on the large-scale CelebA face dataset with centrally masked regions to simulate occlusions. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate the model's capability to produce visually realistic and semantically consistent inpainted images, significantly outperforming baseline masked inputs. This framework not only achieves effective restoration for face images but also generalizes to other natural images, as shown by experiments on external datasets. The study underlines the importance of attention-based modules in image restoration tasks and paves the way for future improvements, including handling irregular mask shapes, higher resolution outputs, and real-time applications in photo editing and augmented reality.

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Attention Mechanisms, CelebA Dataset, Computer Vision, Context Adaptive Network, Deep Learning, Generative Models, Image Completion, Image Inpainting, Image Restoration.

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More than 70% of Indian population relies on agriculture for their sustenance. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to land for agricultural or landscape purposes. Smart Agriculture helps to reduce wastage, effective usage of fertilizer and hence increases the crop yield. In order to know what amount of water is required at what time to the soil smart and automatic irrigation was designed and developed and brought into use. This abstract tells about a Smart Irrigation System using an Arduino microcontroller to automate and optimize a water irrigation system, reducing the need for manual labor and improving water efficiency. In this smart irrigation a system is developed to monitor agriculture field using sensors (moisture and temperature sensor), pump, motor, LCD, fan which automatically communicate through Arduino. The moisture sensor detects the soil moisture and provides exact amount of water needed. If the temperature exceeds above certain degrees a fan is placed to maintain the heat to avoid crops from drying and losing its moisture.

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Irrigation, Arduino, DHT11/Temperature sensor, Soil/moisture sensor, Pump, Fan.

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Transfluthrin, a fast-acting synthetic pyrethroid, is widely used in household mosquito repellents due to its potent insecticidal action and high volatility. While it plays a critical role in curbing the spread of vector-borne diseases, emerging studies shed light on the darker side of this seemingly benign chemical. Chronic exposure, especially in indoor environments, is increasingly associated with a spectrum of human health risks ranging from neurotoxicity to endocrine disruption. This review comprehensively explores transfluthrin's mechanism, applications, and rising evidence of health hazards. By weaving together recent findings, the paper aims to spark awareness about the double-edged nature of chemical vector control.

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Transfluthrin, pyrethroids, neurotoxicity, endocrine disruptors, mosquito repellents, household exposure, inhalation toxicity

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