Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a transformative force in modern healthcare, enabling computers to learn from complex medical data and assist clinicians in making faster, more accurate decisions. This paper provides a structured review of how ML techniques -- including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, and deep learning -- are being applied across key healthcare domains such as disease diagnosis, drug discovery, medical imaging, patient monitoring, and genomics. We examine representative studies from the literature, compare ML algorithms with respect to accuracy and clinical utility, and discuss the practical challenges that currently hinder large-scale adoption, including data privacy, model interpretability, and regulatory compliance. We further identify open research gaps and outline promising directions for future work, including federated learning, explainable AI, and multimodal data fusion. Our aim is to offer researchers and practitioners a clear, accessible overview of the current landscape and the road ahead.

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 Keywords

machine learning, healthcare, deep learning, medical imaging, disease prediction, drug discovery, electronic health records, federated learning, explainable AI.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Metaverse is no longer a speculative idea confined to science fiction. It is emerging as a network of persistent, immersive and commercially valuable virtual environments built through a convergence of virtual reality, augmented reality, gaming engines, blockchain infrastructure, artificial intelligence and digital marketplaces. These virtual environments allow users to create avatars, trade digital goods, display artworks, organise virtual performances, construct virtual architecture and monetise token-linked assets. While such developments have opened new possibilities for creativity and commerce, they have also created difficult questions for copyright law. Traditional copyright doctrine was designed around identifiable authors, territorial infringement, clear copies of protected works and relatively stable licensing arrangements. The Metaverse disrupts these assumptions because copyrightable works may be created collaboratively, generated by artificial intelligence, embedded in virtual spaces, linked to non-fungible tokens or circulated through pseudonymous blockchain transactions. This paper examines whether the existing Indian copyright framework is adequate to address copyright protection and enforcement in the Metaverse. It analyses the copyrightability of virtual assets, authorship and ownership of user-generated content, NFT-related misconceptions, AI-generated works, fair dealing, platform liability, moral rights and cross-border jurisdiction. The paper adopts a doctrinal and comparative legal methodology, relying on Indian statutory provisions, leading Indian case law, selected foreign jurisprudence and international policy materials. It argues that India does not require an entirely separate copyright statute for the Metaverse at this stage, but it does require clearer interpretive guidance, platform governance standards, transparent licensing practices, creator-awareness mechanisms and cross-border cooperation. A balanced framework must protect creators without preventing legitimate remix culture, innovation and user participation in immersive digital environments.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Metaverse; Copyright; NFTs; Artificial Intelligence; Virtual Assets; User-Generated Content; Platform Liability; Indian Copyright Law; Moral Rights; Digital Enforcement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mirza Ghalib, one of India's greatest Urdu poets, has Ghazals, Letters, and Diary Entries in his literary oeuvre. Delhi, during Ghalib's life, was tumultuous and a space undergoing continual metamorphosis. Ghalib's writings capture this transformation through his sensorial perception of the spaces that he frequents and inhabits. The dynamic interrelation between Space, Time and Literature has given rise to an explosion in the realm of Interdisciplinary studies. The study of his works in light of Polysensorality, one of the key tenets of Geocriticism helps in understanding the layered nuances in spatial comprehension, in opposition to limiting space as a mere backdrop to lived realities.

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 Keywords

Ghalib, Delhi, Polysensorality, Geocriticism, Spatial Comprehension

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Biophilic design is an innovative design approach that aims to reconnect humans with nature within built environments. In modern corporate workplaces, employees often experience stress, mental fatigue, reduced productivity, and a lack of connection with natural surroundings due to highly artificial and enclosed environments. This research focuses on understanding the importance and application of biophilic design principles in corporate interior spaces and how they contribute toward healthier and more sustainable workplaces. The study explores the integration of natural elements such as daylight, ventilation, greenery, natural materials, organic forms, and visual connections with nature within office interiors. It examines how these elements influence employee wellbeing, productivity, creativity, mental health, and overall workplace experience. The research is primarily based on literature studies, theoretical understanding, and comparative case study analysis of corporate environments that successfully implement biophilic design strategies. Through this study, it is observed that biophilic design positively impacts the physical and psychological wellbeing of users while also improving environmental quality and workplace efficiency. The findings conclude that biophilic design is not only an aesthetic approach but also a functional and sustainable strategy for future corporate interiors. By creating a stronger relationship between people and nature, biophilic workplaces help develop healthier, more balanced, and human-centered working environments.

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 Keywords

o Biophilic Design o Corporate Interiors o Workplace Wellbeing o Sustainable Design o Natural Lighting o Employee Productivity o Indoor Greenery o Environmental Psychology o Workplace Experience o Human-Nature Connection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and shareholder wealth creation in Indian consumption companies, with a focus on understanding whether macroeconomic cycles translate uniformly into firm-level financial performance. The research analyses a set of six representative companies spanning different consumption sub-segments, including aspirational discretionary, cyclical retail, value-oriented retail, and fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG). Key macroeconomic indicators such as foreign portfolio investment (FPI) flows, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, capacity utilisation, and consumption indices are evaluated alongside company-specific metrics including share price performance, Return on Equity (ROE), and Return on Capital Employed (ROCE). The methodology adopts a descriptive and comparative approach, combining visual trend analysis with firm-level financial evaluation to identify patterns between macroeconomic movements and shareholder outcomes. The findings suggest that while macroeconomic indicators influence short-term performance and market sentiment, they do not independently determine long-term wealth creation. Instead, business model characteristics--such as pricing power, capital efficiency, and operating leverage--play a more significant role in shaping sustained returns. The study highlights that discretionary businesses exhibit higher sensitivity to economic cycles, while FMCG and value-oriented companies demonstrate resilience across phases. Overall, the research reinforces the importance of integrating macroeconomic analysis with firm-level fundamentals, providing insights relevant for equity research, portfolio construction, and investment decision-making in the Indian consumption sector.

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 Keywords

Macroeconomic Indicators; Shareholder Wealth Creation; Indian Consumption Sector; Return on Equity (ROE); Return on Capital Employed (ROCE); FDI; FPI Consumption Index; Equity Research; Business Models

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Accurate cost estimation in interior design is a complex challenge characterized by high-dimensional variables and subjective aesthetic choices. Traditional estimation methods often suffer from significant margins of error due to the non-linear relationship between spatial configurations and material costs. This paper proposes a hybrid computational framework that integrates traditional machine learning (ML) with deep learning for enhanced predictive accuracy. A dual-input pipeline is employed: first, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) extracts design features and material styles from 2D architectural blueprints; second, these visual features are fused with structured tabular data--such as square footage, geographical location, and material grades--to feed ensemble learning models, including Random Forest and XGBoost. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid framework achieves a Mean Absolute Error of 6.14%, representing a significant improvement over the traditional baseline model. The study concludes that the synergy of computer vision and regression-based ML provides a robust, scalable tool for real-time budgetary forecasting in the architectural and interior design industries.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Interior Design, Cost Estimation, Cost Prediction, Machine Learning, Computer Vision, Convolutional Neural Network, Deep Learning, XGBoost, Random Forest, Blueprint Analysis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

IoT-based real-time battery monitoring system

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Battery Management System, Internet of Things, Electric Vehicle, ESP32, Sensors, Real-Time Monitoring, Cloud Platform.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Development of Tribal Culture Along with Eco-Tourism in Madhya Pradesh: A Global Perspective of Tourism in Alignment with Sustainable Development Goals

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Development of Tribal Culture Along with Eco-Tourism in Madhya Pradesh: A Global Perspective of Tourism in Alignment with Sustainable Development Goals

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is the second cause of permanent, long-term disability in the world. It is one of the world's most disabling and disfiguring disease. Filariasis, though not fatal, is an important public health problem. It prevents the afflicted from experiencing a normal working and social life, resulting in matrimonial handicap, inferiority of self, and furthering the cycle of poverty. It affects 750 million every year and in India, 450million people are at risk. Lymphatic filariasis has been identified as one of the only six diseases, which could be targeted for elimination/eradication based on considerations that human beings are the only reservoir of infection. The WHO has now called for targeting filariasis elimination by 2020. India is the largest LF endemic country and has targeted elimination by 2015. non-experimental descriptive design to assess the rural knowledge on their management of filariasis among adults. The sample for the study was 90 adults residing at selected rural communities of Sulekere P.H.C. Then house to house survey was done and found the mothers of toddlers as 8o in Sulekere, 82 in Ramsandra and 86 in Kenchanpura. The sample was selected by using simple random technique. The samples obtained were 23+37+30= 90 from the respective villages. The present study represents the Mean, S.D. and Mean percentage of aspects of knowledge on their practices of mothers of toddler. It reveals that the subjects had a maximum mean of 5.37 with a standard deviation of 0.97 and the minimum mean of 1.60 with the S.D. of 0.63 and mean percentage of 80.0% for foreign body aspiration, the mean score of 2.13 with a S.D.0.57 and mean percentage of 71% regarding cut and laceration, the mean score of 3.82 with S.D of 1.02 and mean percentage of 76.4% regarding burns, scalds and the mean of 2.52 with S.D. of 0.64 and mean parentage of 84.0% regarding drowning., the mean score of 3.24 with a S.D. of 0.78 and mean percentage of .81% regarding stings and bites, the mean score of 2.44 with a S.D. of 0.67 and mean percentage of 81.3% regarding electric shock.

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 Keywords

Knowledge, management, Filariasis, Adults, Eductational Media, and Urban area

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: A 25 years old male runner walked in with a complaint of pain over the right knee joint and pain gets extended down to the leg for past 2 weeks. The severity of the pain started increasing during mid half of running. he dint complaint of sleep disturbance due to this pain. He did find some relief in cold packs and application of analgesic, but it was just a short duration of relief. He has been diagnosed to have patellofemoral joint syndrome by performing Clark test and squatting and patient is asked to fill Kujala patellofemoral scale (Anterior knee pain scale). since patient had investigations report it was easy to rule out other pathologies like meniscus tear, arthritis or knee instability conditions. As a treatment protocol patient underwent 6 weeks of functional strength training to get a complete recovery from patellofemoral pain syndrome(PFPS).

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 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Patellofemoral pain syndrome, Knee joint, Kujala patellofemoral scale, Functional training

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition