Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of a universal chatbot system that supports both voice and text interactions within a single platform. The chatbot enables users to communicate naturally by typing or speaking, allowing a seamless switch between input modes without disrupting the conversation flow. The system leverages speech recognition to convert voice input into text and uses text-to-speech technology to deliver spoken responses. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are applied to understand user input and generate appropriate replies using a trained machine learning model based on the Multinomial Naive Bayes algorithm. Developed using Python and Flask, the system includes a lightweight web interface for real-time interaction. This enhances accessibility and usability, particularly in hands-free communication scenarios. The project aims to improve human-computer interaction by offering a flexible, responsive, and user-friendly environment.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Natural Language Processing (NLP), Chatbot, Voice Interaction, Text Input, Speech Recognition, Text-to-Speech, Multinomial Naive Bayes.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The healthcare system is experiencing a critical shift from the conventional hospital-centered system to an individual-centered system due to the increased prevalence of chronic diseases, an ageing population, and continuously rising healthcare expenses. A wide range of therapeutic tools used to modulate or restore organ function make up medical devices. Devices are used to administer a variety of therapies, such as medications, electrical stimulation, laser, and thermal energy, provide mechanical support, and restore sensory functions. They may be implanted or activated temporarily or permanently. This essay aims to examine several implantable and wearable medical technologies. Using a combination of multiplexed bio sensing, microfluidic sampling, and transport systems coupled with flexible materials and body attachments for increased wearability and simplicity, wearable technology has gradually advanced. The ability of these wearable's to provide patients with feedback and a deeper understanding of the relationships between analyte concentrations in blood or non-invasive bio fluids is promising and crucial for the prompt diagnosis, treatment, and management of medical disorders. The sorts of wearable's devices for biological fluids for disease prevention and real-time monitoring of human health are covered in the current review. Since the first implantation pacemaker was developed, implantable medical devices have made incredible strides in the treatment of the most difficult diseases. The ageing population and rising incidence of chronic diseases are driving an increase in the demand for innovation in both current and new implanted devices. We have discussed various IMD kinds in this work, including orthopedic and cardiovascular implants.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smartwatch,Pacemaker,Glasses,Wristband,Etc.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the factors contributing to stress among startup entrepreneurs in Rajasthan, with an emphasis on organizational stage, work-life balance, support systems, and funding status. Utilizing a quantitative, cross-sectional design, data were collected from 120 startup founders across major cities in the region. The study employed statistical techniques including ANOVA, correlation, t-tests, and multiple regression to test five hypotheses. The results revealed that perceived stress levels significantly differ across startup stages, with early-growth entrepreneurs experiencing the highest stress. A moderate negative correlation was found between work-life balance and stress levels, while strong family and peer support emerged as significant buffers against stress. Further, entrepreneurs operating bootstrapped ventures reported higher stress than their funded counterparts. Regression analysis identified team size, startup stage, and work-life balance as significant predictors of entrepreneurial stress, explaining 33.9% of the variance. The findings highlight the psychological pressures faced by startup founders and underline the need for support mechanisms at both personal and institutional levels. The study offers actionable implications for entrepreneurs, incubators, policymakers, and mental health professionals working within the entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Entrepreneurial Stress, Startups, Stress Factors, Founders' Well-being

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The paper explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in changing high-level business epics to more detailed user stories in Agile project management. Integrating AI reduces the difficulties in handling complex business requirements and helps ensure they are met accurately, quickly and as needed. The paper sets out an AI-based approach for converting epics to user stories, assesses it by comparing it with other baseline models and explains how it is better than usual transformation processes. The authors integrate new ideas to explain the consequences for both professionals and policy-makers, with proposals for further studies in this area. The new model is predicted to significantly change Agile methods by producing improved results for projects, aligning the team with the company's goals and speeding up innovation with AI.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Agile project management, AI-driven transformation, predictive modeling, task decomposition, Agile methodologies.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Yaatra Saahity Bhaarateey Saahity Kee Ek Mahatvapoorn Vidha Hai, Jisamen Lekhak Apane Bhaugolik Anubhavon Ke Saath-Saath Apanee Bhaavanaatmak Aur Aadhyaatmik Anubhootiyon Ko Bhee Vyakt Karata Hai. Kaaka Kaalelakar Dvaara Rachit 'Dakshinee Ganga Godaavaree' Ek Utkrsht Yaatra Vrttaant Hai, Jisamen Unhonne Dakshin Bhaarat Kee Yaatra Ke Dauraan Godaavaree Nadee Ke Saundary, Usake Taton Par Base Dhaarmik Aur Saanskrtik Sthalon, Tatha Praakrtik Parivesh Ka Manohaaree Chitran Kiya Hai.Lekhak Ne Godaavaree Nadee Ko 'Dakshinee Ganga' Ke Roop Mein Dekhate Hue Isakee Pavitrata Aur Saanskrtik Mahatta Ko Ujaagar Kiya Hai. Nadee Kee Pravaahamaan Dhaara, Hare-Bhare Tat, Ghaaton Par Base Mandir Aur Pahaadiyon Kee Praakrtik Chhata Is Yaatra Vrtt Ko Ek Jeevant Roop Pradaan Karate Hain. Yah Yaatra Vrtt Keval Praakrtik Saundary Ka Varnan Nahin Hai, Balki Isamen Lekhak Kee Gaharee Aadhyaatmik Anubhooti Bhee Prakat Hotee Hai. Kaaka Kaalelakar Prakrti Ko Ek Jeevant Shakti Maanate Hain Aur Usakee Shaanti Mein Aatmamanthan Tatha Aatmik Unnati Ka Anubhav Karate Hain. Ve Yaatra Ke Maadhyam Se Keval Baaharee Sthalon Ka Avalokan Nahin Karate, Balki Apane Aantarik Vichaaron Aur Bhaavanaon Ko Bhee Vyakt Karate Hain

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Yaatra Saahity, Praakrtik Saundary, Bhaavanaatmak Anubhooti, Godaavaree Nadee, Aadhyaatmikata, Kaaka Kaalelakar.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Blended teaching-learning is the core medium to impart education and emerges as an adaptive reform in educational reforms. Higher education institutions are using different platforms for providing both online education with offline education. SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) -MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) is one of the most widely used platforms in higher education institutions. The researcher intends to assess the perspective and challenges of learners towards MOOCs. Researchers interviewed 50 B.Ed. students to assess their perspective and challenges of learners while doing SWAYAM-MOOCs by using a qualitative methodology. The finding aims to assist the developers of SWAYAM portals and concerned stakeholders in improving inclusivity and learner support.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SWAYAM, MOOCs, Blended teaching-learning, Educational reforms, Higher education institutions.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The kinetics of the nucleophilic addition of cyanide ion (CN-) to the stabilize malachite green carbonium ions (MG+) in aqueous media is catalyzed by the cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and is inhibited by anionic micelles of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The reactions follow pseudo-first order kinetics. The rate constant depends on surfactant concentration. The micellar data have been quantitatively analysed by Positive Cooperativity model of enzyme catalysis. The value of index of cooperativity (n) has been found to be greater than one. The catalytic and inhibitory effects have been explained in terms of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of various species present in the reaction systems. The added counterions show inhibitory effects on the overall catalysis.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Micellar media, CTAB, SDS, Positive Cooperativity Model, Counterions

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: Culture has always been a guesstimated concept backed by hierarchy. This hierarchy was initiated by drawing a prominent line between 'High' art and 'low' culture or mass culture. This protuberant notion emanated from a generalised perimeter of thought guarding the framework of so called genuine cultural practices which are majorly meant to heighten and imprint intellectual, insightful, and aesthetic thoughts and taste in the audience's mind. Mediums which did not fit into such standards were for a significant period deprived of the 'high' art status. This seems quite contrary to the arena of culture as it not only stands for the procedure of developing one's taste but also includes aspects of literary works, artworks, lyrical compositions, architectures all that a society can produce. With the emergence of Modernism, Culture unleashed from the ambits of social status and class. Gradually, the understanding of Culture has managed to surpass the confinements of customs, beliefs, traditions, social expectations and become purely illustrious locution free from the shackles of morality, intellect, or aesthetic or aesthetic preferences; linked to conventional cultural practices.Such impulsive nature of culture often reflects in the autonomous functioning of societies or communities, particularly the non-western ones. This can be perceived by visual imageries or works of art related to culture, especially imageries related to advertisement and graphic design. Such mediums of visual communication have always been an effective mode in undergoing persuasion, especially the term 'Graphic Design' which primarily stands for different genres of designs for printing has always been the most prominent examples of audio-visual communication. Gradual advancements in technology led to the emergence of an array of new possibilities which worked in favour of the most crucial tools of visual communication, one of which is Poster. Though considered a product of 'low' culture, since it's guessed emergence, Posters have proven to be an amalgamation of imagery and words attributed to socio-political and cultural contexts. Due to the commercial and transient nature, it serves as a ground of experimentation for artists. Though dependent on other art mediums like painting, sculpture, photographs etc. its parasitic temperament has continued to evolve within confinements. More precisely, Film Posters have inherited the freedom of experimentation the most. The Western countries though got access to experiment on Film Posters earlier, the Indian Film Posters had a different narrative. Due to possession of two prominent streams of Cinema - Mass and Art, the film posters from the very beginning have supported strict distinctions while forming the stylisations of these two genres. While the Hindi film posters were mostly characterised by bright colours and bohemian essence and often actors appearing against hues of colour, this was not the case with Bengali Film Posters. Bengal during the 1940s and 1950s had a host of talented young designers working in British advertising agencies. The changing market demands of an independent nation amalgamated with the designer's own quest for showing a distinctive regional style reflective in the works of Annada Munshi, Makhan Dutta Gupta, Oroon Coomar Ganguly and especially Satyajit Ray. A visionary auteur like Ray, who not only directed films but also designed publicity materials for them is what shaped the visual culture of modern Bengali Aesthetics. The derivative nature of Cinema when presented in a compact static format of Film Poster is what proposes a designer turned director's legacy. This paper aims to undergo a visual analysis of Ray's Film Posters and understand Ray's interpretation of visual culture through them, subjected to varied range of themes and genres.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Imagery, Film Poster, visual culture, Title design, Cinema, Typography, Bengal

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Nagaland's rugged terrain and fragile geology make the region particularly vulnerable to landslides, especially during the monsoon season. This study examines the physical vulnerability of Nagaland's landscapes and the cascading socio-economic effects of landslides on local communities. Focusing on recent incidents in districts such as Tuensang and critical infrastructure along National Highway-29, the paper explores how these disasters disrupt daily life, displace vulnerable populations, and intensify economic hardships. The findings emphasise the importance of addressing both the physical and social dimensions of landslide risk by integrating scientific knowledge of hazard-prone areas, the lived experiences of local communities and responsive policy action aimed at hazard mitigation, effective land-use planning, and improved disaster preparedness to enhance the resilience of Nagaland's hill communities.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Landslides, vulnerability, disaster management

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Water is a vital natural resource for human survival as well as an efficient tool of economic development. Water is a clear, colourless, and odourless liquid compound that is essential for human survival and the sustenance of all known forms of life. It is a vital component of our plant. Freshwater bodies, such as ponds, play an essential role in the ecosystem, serving as habitats for diverse aquatic organisms while also contributing to the hydrological cycle. Water analysis was done by APHA 2005. The water analysis result showed that the pond's water was contaminated. The chloride value shows high and slight turbidity in the water.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

water , garden , pollution.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition