Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

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Eeluru habbavu janapadiya adhyayana vagide

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eeluru habba, janapada adhyayana, samskuthika vishleshane

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Hindi in the World

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Hindi in the World

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Ocean contamination represents one of the most pressing ecological challenges confronting contemporary civilization, with severe implications for aquatic ecosystems, public health outcomes, and global atmospheric systems. This research introduces an integrated framework for continuous identification and surveillance of oceanic water quality degradation by synthesizing cutting-edge sensing technologies (IoT-enabled monitoring networks), advanced geospatial observation platforms (satellite-based imagery acquisition), and computational intelligence methods (deep learning and machine learning). The integrated architecture collects environmental parameters--including pH measurements, water clarity indicators, oxygen saturation levels, organic matter decomposition rates, salinity concentrations, trace element distributions, and petroleum hydrocarbon residues--via networked sensor platforms and subsurface monitoring equipment deployed throughout maritime and coastal territories. Contemporary imaging data from Sentinel series and Landsat satellites undergoes transformation through neural network-based image recognition systems, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks, to identify surface-level water quality issues including crude oil contamination plumes, harmful algal proliferation events, and anthropogenic plastic particle aggregation. Computational classification techniques including Random Forest decision systems, Support Vector classification, and recurrent neural architectures (LSTM) facilitate categorization of aquatic condition states and anticipatory modeling of future contamination patterns. The proposed system incorporates a geospatial visualization interface displaying instantaneous surveillance outputs, contaminant distribution visualization, and instantaneous warning broadcasts to governmental environmental entities. Real-world validation utilizing authentic measurement datasets demonstrates the Convolutional Neural Network module achieves 94.2% classification accuracy for satellite-derived oil spill identification, whereas the Random Forest model generates an F1-score of 0.91 for categorical water assessment. This contribution strives to deliver an implementable, precise, and financially viable contamination surveillance mechanism for facilitating legal compliance and ecosystem restoration programs.

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Networked Environmental Sensors, Water Condition Assessment, Orbital Imagery Analysis, Artificial Intelligence Classification, Deep Neural Networks, Decision Tree Ensembles, Boundary-Based Classification, Temporal Sequence Prediction Networks, Satellite Observation, Petroleum Release Identification, Phytoplankton Expansion, Instantaneous Surveillance, Spatial Analysis Systems, Predictive Modeling, Advanced Computational Analysis.

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Agriculture is a vital sector that significantly contributes to the economy and food security of many countries, including India. However, traditional farming methods often depend on manual observations and experience, leading to inefficient use of resources such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides. To address these challenges, this project proposes an AI-Driven Decision Support System (DSS) for Smart Agriculture using Internet of Things (IoT) sensors. The system continuously monitors environmental and soil parameters, including temperature, humidity, soil moisture, pH level, and rainfall, through a network of IoT sensors. The collected data is transmitted to a cloud platform, where Machine Learning algorithms analyze the information and generate intelligent recommendations for irrigation scheduling, crop selection, fertilizer application, and early disease prediction. By integrating IoT, Artificial Intelligence, and Decision Support Systems, the proposed framework enables real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and data-driven decision-making for farmers. The system aims to improve crop productivity, optimize resource utilization, reduce operational costs, and promote sustainable and precision farming practices.

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Index: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Decision Support System (DSS), Smart Agriculture, Machine Learning, Precision Farming.

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In order to recreate the settlement history of the area using archaeological evidence, this article investigates the habitation sites of ancient and medieval Assam along the north bank of the Brahmaputra Valley. It examines fortified villages, temple complexes, sculptural remnants, tanks, ramparts, roadways, and inscriptions at Dhemaji, Biswanath, Sonitpur, Darrang, Udalguri, Kamrup, and surrounding areas using published archaeological reports and field observations. The study shows how the Brahmaputra River and successive political powers from the Gupta to the Ahom eras built this network of interrelated settlements. It highlights the continuity and evolution of settlement patterns and stresses the need for methodical archaeological investigation, recording, and conservation to protect Assam's rich cultural legacy.

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Ancient Assam; Medieval Assam; Habitation Sites; North Brahmaputra Valley; Archaeology of Assam; Settlement Archaeology

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Myths serve as the building blocks of our society, culture, and traditions. Devdutt Pattanaik explores a wide range of queer stories from Buddhist literature, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, the Puranas, Jainism, and folklore. He highlights the under-represented voices within the expansive tales of Indian mythology by analyzing myths from different parts of the country. He opposes the traditional heteronormative norms that are common in Indian society and reveals the flexibility of gender via his investigation. By presenting characters like gays, lesbians, and hijras whose queer behaviors, such cross-dressing and same-sex relationships, are portrayed as normal, Pattanaik illuminates the queer representations in Indian folklore. Indian civilization mostly maintains heterosexual gender standards, even if temple sculptures, iconography, and religious texts contain queer themes. The legal system and society must both strive for the social empowerment and advancement of India's LGBT population.

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Queer Narrative, Mythology, Gender Roles, Heteronormativity, Stereotyping, Indian folklore

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Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions worldwide and constitute a substantial burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Contemporary psychiatry conceptualizes anxiety as a spectrum of disorders characterized by excessive fear, worry, and autonomic disturbances. In contrast, the Unani system of medicine does not recognize anxiety as an independent nosological entity; rather, it describes anxiety-related manifestations under the concepts of Iztir?b-e-Nafs?n?, Khauf, Wasw?s, and, in severe and chronic forms, Malankholia. These conditions are attributed to derangement of temperament (Sue-Miz?j), imbalance of humours (Akhl??), particularly Saud?, and dysfunction of psychic faculties involving the brain (Dim?gh), heart (Qalb), vital spirit (R??), and psyche (Nafs). The present review critically analyses the concept, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and principles of management of anxiety in Unani medicine and correlates these classical concepts with contemporary scientific understanding. A comprehensive review of classical Unani literature, including Al-Q?n?n fi'l-Tibb, Al-H?w?, and Zakh?ra-e-Khwarazm Sh?h?, along with contemporary scientific literature indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and AYUSH-related databases, was undertaken to identify experimental, clinical, and pharmacological studies related to anxiety and Unani therapeutics. The review indicates that Unani medicine offers a holistic and individualized approach to anxiety management based on T?d?l-e-Miz?j (correction of deranged temperament), Tanqiya-e-Akhl?? (evacuation of morbid humours), Taqwiyat-e-Dim?gh wa Qalb (strengthening of the brain and heart), Taskeen-e-Nafs (psychological reassurance), and lifestyle modification. Several medicinal plants and formulations, including Withania somnifera, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Melissa officinalis, and Borago officinalis, have demonstrated anxiolytic, sedative, and adaptogenic activities in experimental studies, thereby supporting classical therapeutic claims. The Unani system of medicine provides a comprehensive, integrative, and preventive framework for the management of anxiety by addressing its physical, psychological, and spiritual dimensions. Further well-designed experimental and clinical studies are warranted to scientifically validate these traditional concepts and strengthen the role of Unani medicine in evidence-based integrative mental healthcare.

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Anxiety; Iztirab-e-Nafsani; Unani Medicine; Malankholia.

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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections affecting women and may become recurrent or chronic, resulting in persistent urinary symptoms, discomfort, and impaired quality of life. Although conventional antimicrobial therapy remains the standard treatment, recurrent or chronic cases may benefit from supportive complementary approaches that help alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term naturopathy-based treatment regimen in reducing symptoms associated with chronic urinary tract infection in a young female patient.Methods: A single female patient diagnosed with chronic urinary tract infection underwent a 10-day naturopathy intervention. The treatment protocol consisted of daily hip baths with Triphala powder, application of a mud pack over the lower abdomen, and Triphala vaginal wash. Clinical outcomes were assessed by monitoring changes in urinary symptoms, including pain and itching, as well as urine appearance before and after the intervention.Results: At baseline, the patient experienced severe urinary discomfort characterized by pain, itching, and abnormal urine appearance. Progressive improvement in symptoms was observed during the treatment period. By the completion of the 10-day intervention, pain and itching had markedly reduced, and the urine returned to a normal straw color, suggesting clinical recovery. The patient also reported improved comfort during urination and an overall improvement in quality of life, with no adverse effects observed during the intervention.Conclusion: The findings of this case report suggest that a short-term naturopathy-based regimen incorporating Triphala hip bath, Triphala vaginal wash, and lower abdominal mud pack may serve as a beneficial supportive therapy for managing symptoms of chronic urinary tract infection. However, these findings are limited to a single case, and larger, well-designed controlled clinical studies are needed to establish the efficacy, safety, and generalizability of this therapeutic approach.

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Urinary tract infection, Chronic UTI, Naturopathy; Triphala, Hip bath, Vaginal wash, Mud therapy.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to examine how patients with persistent chronic lower lumbar pain respond to McKenzie mobilization using muscle energy techniques or core stability exercises combined with stretching. to assess both approaches' efficacy in treating persistent chronic lower lumbar pain. Summary of Background Data: According to these recommendations, manipulation combined with the muscle energy method treatment seems to be successful in reducing pain and enhancing function for individuals with persistent chronic lower lumbar pain. For chronic lower lumbar pain, exercises for core stability are growing in popularity. However, it is still uncertain if individuals with persistent chronic lower lumbar pain benefit more from core stability exercises than from muscular energy exercises. Methods: Two reviewers individually chose pertinent RCTs (randomized controlled trials), comparing the McKenzie method with muscular energy approach exercise vs core stability exercise with back stretching for the care of patients with persistent chronic lower lumbar pain for this meta-analysis. The two groups that chose the studies separately gathered the data. Results: The present analysis includes 60 individuals in total from the possibly relevant experiment. Using the confidence interval of 95% at the time of the temporary follow-up, the analysis showed that McKenzie mobilization combined with MET training was superior than core stability exercise combined with stretching regimens for lowering pain and impairment. At six months [mean difference (20.50); 95% confidence range (21.36, 0.36); P = 0.26] and twelve months [mean variance (20.32); 95% confidence interval (20.87, 0.23); P = 0.25], there were no discernible differences compared core stability exercise and general exercise in terms of pain reduction. Conclusions: Core stability exercises might temporarily enhance physical function in people with persistent chronic lower lumbar pain, but they are less successful in reducing pain than McKenzie exercises. Nevertheless, there were no appreciable long-term variations in the degree of discomfort between individuals who performed McKenzie exercise and those who performed core stability exercise.

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Key words: lower backache, centralization, diagnosis, core stabilization, McKenzie Method, lower back stretching exercises, muscle energy techniques.

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The preparation and standardization of drug samples for preclinical toxicological animal studies are crucial steps to ensure compliance with regulatory agencies. This thesis outlines the methodologies employed in preparing, characterizing, and standardizing drug samples for preclinical toxicological evaluations. Emphasis is placed on adherence to guidelines set forth by major regulatory bodies such as the FDA, EMA, and ICH. The study explores various formulation techniques, analytical methods for purity and potency assessment, and the stability testing required to maintain sample integrity. Additionally, the thesis discusses the challenges and solutions associated with scaling laboratory preparations to quantities suitable for animal studies, along with the documentation and reporting standards necessary to meet regulatory expectations. The objective is to provide a comprehensive framework that supports the generation of reliable and reproducible toxicological data, ultimately facilitating the safe progression of drug candidates through the preclinical phase. To assess the content drug in the solution form of the drug, and infer the results, a sample quantitative study on progesterone was carried out experimentally. The prepared progesterone solution does not meet the required % purity criterion, indicating a lack in the sample and solution preparation process. Several key practices can be implemented to promote proper sample and solution preparation in a preclinical laboratory setting. By encouraging ongoing professional development and following national and international guidelines, laboratories can achieve high standards of safety, reliability, and ethics in preclinical studies.

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Preclinical toxicology, regulatory compliance, FDA, EMA, ICH guidelines, toxicological evaluations

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