Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Road traffic accidents remain a significant global concern, resulting in substantial loss of life, injuries, and economic burden. This study presents a data-driven approach for predictive modeling of road accidents using advanced machine learning (ML) techniques to enhance traffic safety. Leveraging historical accident datasets and incorporating variables such as weather conditions, traffic volume, road types, and temporal features, various ML algorithms--including Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gradient Boosting--are evaluated for their predictive performance. Feature selection and data preprocessing methods are applied to improve model accuracy and interpretability. The results demonstrate that ensemble-based models outperform traditional methods in identifying high-risk conditions and accident-prone zones. The findings offer actionable insights for traffic management authorities, enabling the development of proactive safety strategies and data-informed policy-making. This research highlights the transformative potential of machine learning in predicting and mitigating road accidents, paving the way for smarter and safer transportation systems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Road Accidents, Predictive Modeling, Machine Learning, Traffic Safety, Data-Driven Approach, Accident Prediction, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosting, Traffic Management.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The growing accumulation of waste rubber and the demand for environmentally sustainable construction materials have prompted significant interest in alternative concrete technologies. One such approach involves the partial replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber and cement with silica fume. This combination has demonstrated potential in enhancing the mechanical and durability properties of concrete while mitigating environmental impact. This review systematically examines existing literature on the use of crumb rubber and silica fume in concrete, with emphasis on their influence on workability, compressive strength, performance, toughness, and long-term durability. Additionally, the effects of mix design variables, curing conditions, and replacement ratios are evaluated. While crumb rubber tends to decrease strength parameters, the inclusion of silica fume can effectively compensate for these losses and improve overall performance. The synergistic use of these materials presents a promising route toward more sustainable and high-performance concrete. This paper also identifies key research gaps and outlines future directions for optimizing these materials in both structural and non-structural applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

CRUMB RUBBBER, SILICA FUME, CONCRETE

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research examines the creation and utilization of paver blocks derived from granules of waste rubber tires and ground materials from plastic bottles, with the goal of offering an environmentally friendly substitute for traditional paving materials. The main aim is to tackle the environmental issues caused by non-biodegradable waste by transforming these materials into robust construction products. This study highlights the increasing environmental concerns associated with waste disposal and the construction sector's significant need for sustainable materials, which have spurred investigations into alternative building resources. This research delves into the assessment of eco-friendly paver blocks produced from rubber granules (recycled from discarded tires) and post-consumer recycled plastic. The objective is to minimize waste while improving the physical characteristics of paver blocks. In this study, different ratios of rubber granules and recycled plastic are incorporated into standard cement-based mixtures to create the paver blocks. The performance of these modified blocks was thoroughly evaluated through a series of tests, including compressive strength, water absorption, abrasion resistance, and flexural tests. The findings indicated that the addition of rubber granules significantly enhanced the flexibility, shock absorption, and impact resistance of the pavers, while the recycled plastic contributed to greater durability and wear resistance. Although a minor decrease in compressive strength was noted with increased rubber content, the overall performance of the eco-friendly blocks was found to be comparable to or even superior to that of conventional pavers in several critical areas. The study verifies that utilizing rubber granules and recycled plastic not only mitigates environmental impact by recycling waste materials but also yields paver blocks with enhanced mechanical properties, establishing them as a feasible alternative for sustainable urban infrastructure. These results emphasize the opportunity for recycled materials to play a role in the advancement of green infrastructure and offer a budget-friendly substitute for traditional construction techniques.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Paver Blocks, Waste Rubber Granules, Plastic Crushed, Sustainable Construction.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Women's empowerment is a vital process that enhances the ability of women to make strategic life choices in a context where this ability was previously denied. This study explores the multifaceted nature of women's empowerment, including its social, economic, educational, legal, and political dimensions. It examines the theoretical and practical foundations of empowerment, highlights the crucial role of education, and identifies key barriers such as poverty, patriarchy, lack of access to resources, and gender-based violence. The research emphasizes the importance of both grassroots efforts--like Self-Help Groups (SHGs)--and institutional support in promoting women's rights and opportunities. Based on data from field studies, interviews, and literature review, the study concludes that successful empowerment requires a holistic, sustained, and inclusive approach that involves communities, governments, and women themselves. Empowering women is not only a matter of social justice but a strategic necessity for national development and societal progress.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gender, Equality, Education, Economic, Independence, Rights.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The menstrual cycle is a vital physiological process regulated by complex hormonal interactions, notably the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, which governs reproductive health in individuals with female reproductive systems. Despite being a natural biological function, menstruation is still surrounded by social stigma, cultural taboos and a significant lack of awareness, especially among adolescent girls and women in developing countries. Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) plays a critical role in ensuring health, education and dignity; however, challenges such as inadequate access to sanitary products, poor sanitation facilities and insufficient menstrual education persist. This research aims to assess the level of awareness regarding the menstrual cycle and menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls and women. The objectives include identifying sources of information, understanding menstrual hygiene practices, and evaluating the effectiveness of educational interventions. An observational and randomized survey involving 127 participants aged 10-55 years was conducted using structured questionnaires. Basic statistical tools such as mean, percentage and frequency distribution were employed for data analysis. The study underscores the urgent need for menstrual health education, improved access to hygiene products and supportive infrastructure in schools and communities. The findings aim to inform policy development and contribute to breaking the silence around menstruation, thereby empowering girls and women to manage their menstrual health with dignity and confidence.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Menstrual Cycle, Menstrual Hygiene, Adolescent Girls, Women's Health, Reproductive Health, Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM), Hygiene Practices, Awareness, Health Education, Cultural Taboos.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT The formulation and evaluation of herbal digestive churna aim to create an effective herbal remedy for improving digestion and alleviating gastrointestinal disorders. Digestive churna, a traditional Aurvedic preparation, is composed of a combination of herbs and spices known for their carminative, digestive, and anti-inflammatoryproperties. The churna is designed to stimulate digestive enzymes, promote smoothbowel movement, and reduce symptoms of indigestion, bloating, and acidity. This study focuses on the formulation of digestive churna using natural ingredients such as ginger (Zingiber officinale), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), and other medicinal plants. These ingredients are selected based on their long-standing use in traditional medicine for enhancing digestion and alleviating stomach discomfort. The churna is prepared by grinding the dried herbs into a fine powder, ensuring the proper proportions of each ingredient for maximum therapeutic benefit.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords:DigestiveChurna,HerbalFormulation,GastrointestinalHealth,AyurvedicMedicine, Therapeutic Evaluation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper investigates the influence of celebrity endorsements on consumer buying behaviour, focusing on various attributes such as celebrity credibility, attractiveness, and congruence with the product. The study utilizes secondary data from existing academic literature and market research reports to examine how these factors affect consumer trust, purchase intentions, and brand loyalty. The analysis reveals that while celebrity endorsements can enhance consumer engagement and brand recognition, their effectiveness depends on multiple factors, including the nature of the product, the fit between celebrity and brand, and the demographic profile of the target audience. The findings reveal that celebrity endorsements can positively influence consumer perceptions, leading to greater brand recall and heightened consumer trust. However, the effectiveness of celebrity endorsements varies across different consumer segments and product categories. This study highlights valuable insights for marketers on optimizing endorsement strategies and understanding the dynamics of consumer behaviour in the context of celebrity-driven advertising.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Celebrity Endorsement, Consumer Buying Behaviour

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Arithmetic primitives play a critical role in performing computations on large numbers, particularly in arithmetic circuit implementations that involve operations like multiplication, addition, subtraction, and division. Given the significance of computations in central processing units (CPUs), optimizing the design of arithmetic circuits has been a key area of research for engineers. In the pursuit of developing energy- efficient, low-power portable processors for applications such as image processing, digital signal processing, and cryptography, it's essential to minimize factors like switching activity and cell count. This research focuses on the design of a reversible binary full adder circuit, a crucial component in evaluating the Energy Delay Product (EDP) for a variety of computing applications. The study introduces a novel reversible binary full adder based on the concepts of switching activity and logic decomposition. The fundamental building blocks for reversible full adders--such as Feynman Gates, Toffoli Gates and New Gates--are designed first. Then, leveraging these components, a new reversible binary full adder is developed using the proposed method. The results show that the proposed reversible full adder outperforms existing designs in terms of dynamic power dissipation. Additionally, a formula-based evaluation is conducted on the implementation results to estimate the EDP, which reveals a 32.3% improvement in EDP compared to the previously proposed full adder design.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Arithmetic Primitives, Reversible Digital Full Adder, Energy Delay Product (EDP), Low-Power Circuit Design, Switching Activity Factor, Reversible Logic Gates

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Acacia catechu (wild) is a historically significant plant with notable medicinal properties, 7 widely used in Herbal remedies, especially in Asia. Modern technology has enabled a deeper understanding of the pharmacological effects of such traditional plants, sparking interest in their potential. Acacia catechu 4 utilized for treating infections, inflammation, pain, skin diseases, and wounds. Recent studies have identified several phyonutrients in the plant that exhibit antimutagenic activities, particularly in cancer cells. These findings highlight its potential therapeutic value. This paper reviews the existing research on Acacia catechu, emphasizing the areas that remain unexplored and warrant further investigation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

acacia catechu wild, catechin, natural antioxidant; antimicrobial, Unani medicine, Non healing ulcers.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The world of education is with the focus of skills for employability. NEP 2020 with its emphasis on outcome-based education keeps skills as priority at all levels of education. National association of colleges and employers proposed eight employability skills that are internationally relevant. This study is with the objective to analyse the skills of the PG students in response to the intercultural fluency in education in the context of Internationalisation of education. The descriptive research uses both the primary and secondary sources. The expected outcome of the research is to assess as well as to guide the students with strategies for developing relevant skills.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Employability, intercultural, internationalization, NEP 2020.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition