Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and remains a major public health challenge due to its high incidence, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Breast cancer is the leading cancer among women in most countries and continues to contribute substantially to cancer-related morbidity and mortality despite advances in screening, diagnosis, and treatment. The global burden is expected to increase further, with projections indicating that annual breast cancer cases may exceed 3.5 million and deaths may surpass 1.1 million by 2050, largely due to population growth, ageing, and changing lifestyle patterns. The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge on Breast Self Examination among selected women in Aizawl, Mizoram with a view to develop a Planned Teaching Programme.

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Assessment, knowledge, Breast Self Examination, women , Planned Teaching Programme.

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Minimizing power consumption is a primary concern in modern VLSI design. This research presents a Low-Power Tunable ALU Architecture that integrates clock gating, Parallel-In Parallel-Out (PIPO) shift registers, and Booth's algorithm. By employing an opcode-driven 4:16 decoder, specific operations are activated while inactive blocks remain idle, significantly reducing dynamic switching power. The design evaluates four distinct clock gating techniques implemented on a Virtex-6 FPGA using 40nm CMOS technology. Experimental results demonstrate substantial power savings and thermal stability without compromising computational performance.

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Tunable ALU: Reconfigurable arithmetic logic units with operation-specific activation. Dynamic Power: Power consumed during signal transitions and switching activity. Clock Gating: A technique to disable the clock network in inactive circuit blocks. Booth's Algorithm: An encoding method to minimize redundant additions in multiplication. PIPO (Parallel-In Parallel-Out): Shift registers used for efficient data handling and speed. RTL Design: Register-Transfer Level abstraction for digital l

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Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications demand high-speed and energy-efficient arithmetic units, particularly for multiplication-intensive operations such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Conventional multiplier architectures often suffer from increased delay, power consumption, and hardware complexity. This work presents an optimized design of a floating-point fused dot product (FDP) unit using a Vedic multiplier integrated with Adaptive Hold Logic (AHL) and Razor flip-flops. The proposed architecture is implemented on an FPGA platform and evaluated in terms of delay, power, and area. Results demonstrate a significant reduction in latency and hardware utilization compared to conventional designs, making the proposed system suitable for modern high-performance DSP applications.

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VHDL ,AHL,FDP ,FPGA ,Razor flip-flops

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Anukta Vyadhi refers to disease conditions that are not explicitly described with a specific name, symptom, or treatment protocol in the classical Ayurvedic Samhitas. The term "Anukta" means unsaid, unuttered, or undocumented, while "Vyadhi" means disease. These conditions are encountered in clinical practice despite lacking direct textual references. Modern lifestyle disorders, environmental diseases, and conditions not prevalent during ancient times may be understood under the concept of Anukta Vyadhi. Examples include hypothyroidism, hypertension, cancers, and nutritional deficiencies. Ayurveda provides fundamental principles for understanding, diagnosing, and treating such diseases through the assessment of Dosha, Dushya, Agni, Srotas, Adhishthana, and Samprapti. Thus, knowledge of Anukta Vyadhi is essential for the application of Ayurvedic principles in contemporary clinical practice.

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Na hi Sarvavikaranam Namato'sti Dhruva Sthitih WSR to Anukta Vyadhi (The Unsaid Diseases)

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This paper evaluates the feasibility of a curated, try-at-home fashion service within the Indian e-commerce market, analyzed through the lenses of entrepreneurship and innovation theory. The business model addresses a pervasive industry pain point (25% to 40% of online apparel purchases are returned due to fit and tactile uncertainty) by delivering five stylist-selected outfits to consumers, who pay only for what they keep. Utilizing a qualitative research design built on secondary data (including peer-reviewed literature, corporate filings, industry reports, and market press), the study evaluates the venture against frameworks of opportunity recognition, business model innovation, and lean experimentation. The analysis yields three primary insights: the Indian fashion market is large and expanding rapidly; the core consumer problem remains acutely underserved; and the global competitive landscape is shifting following the retrenchment of major players, highlighted by the closure of Amazon's "Try Before You Buy" service in January 2025 and the contraction of Stitch Fix. Furthermore, an indicative unit-economic model demonstrates that positive order-level contribution margins are achievable, provided that keep-rates and reverse-logistics costs are tightly controlled. The paper concludes that while the venture is strategically viable, its operational feasibility is strictly conditional upon mitigating keep-rate volatility, reverse-logistics expenses, and cash-on-delivery (COD) risks. Finally, a primary research framework is proposed to empirically validate consumer willingness-to-try and keep-rate assumptions prior to market entry.

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E-commerce, Business Model Innovation, Lean Experimentation, Reverse Logistics, Indian Market, Try-at-Home Fashion.

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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Conventional management relies entirely on exogenous insulin, with no established cure. Ayurveda classifies this condition under Sahaja Prameha or Madhumeha, offering a distinct pathophysiological framework and therapeutic approach.

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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Madhumeha, Sahaja Prameha, Madhunashini Vati, Giloy, Panchakarma, C-peptide, HbA1c, Pediatric diabetes, Immunomodulation.

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We are living in a transitory era where we are witnessing the transition from keypad phones to technology boom and artificial intelligence revolution. Artificial intelligence has deeply embedded in contemporary social, educational and professional environments. This rapid integration of artificial intelligence has definitely helped to increase the work productivity at all levels but over dependence on it is also raising concerns about the gradual erosion of cognitive abilities of human beings. We have seen a global prevalence of digital addiction. As per the statistics, around 27% of world's population is suffering from smartphone addiction. This has significantly been increased after Covid-19 era. Usage of smartphone is anyway associated with psychological symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia or what not. Along with this addiction we are heavily relying on artificial intelligence not for entertainment only but for every task i.e. from getting factual information to getting creative ideas; which is definitely leading to cognitive offloading but we need to be aware that this cognitive offloading doesn't turn our cognitive abilities to diminishing side. Given the addiction statistics, we are just a step away from entering the era of cognitive gyms. This paper introduces the concept of "Cognitive Gyms", which are structured environments designed to actively engage and strengthen mental faculties through exercises that promote reasoning, memory, creativity, and focus. This paper argues that Cognitive Gyms can function as individual as well as institutional interventions that encourage deliberate cognitive practice, independent reasoning, critical thinking and balanced AI use. Interventions like cognitive gyms are becoming the need of the hour because this is a pre-emptive solution where we all will be able to use artificial intelligence for our benefits along with preserving our essential human intellectual capabilities.

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Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Gyms, Cognitive offloading, Automation Bias

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This paper investigates the romantic sensibilities of Sylvia Plath through a thematic analysis of her journal. While Plath is popularly associated with the Confessional movement of the 20th century, her journal entries reveal an intentional, sophisticated engagement with the 19th century Romantic tradition. This paper argues that her journal entries embody the core tenets of romanticism as expressed in the works of Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Keats, specifically the preeminence of subjective experience, the transcendental elevation of nature, and the transmutation of the mundane into sublime. She believed in the transformative power of Romantic vitalism- the vibrancy and spirit of transcendental living. This paper also investigates the strategic use of pathetic fallacy, where she constantly tries to project her inner sanctum onto the physical world around her including the natural landscape. The physical world becomes a mirror of her psyche. Plath metaphorically transfigures the mundane and systematically elevates it to the level of the sublime. This paper concludes that Plath's journal entries are not merely prosaic records of her life, rather they serve as a rigorous literary testament to her romantic sensibilities.

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Sylvia Plath, Romanticism, Thematic Analysis, Sublime, Pathetic fallacy

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 Abstract

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन बठिंडा जिले के विभिन्न सरकारी विद्यालयों एवं महाविद्यालयों में संगीत शिक्षा की वर्तमान स्थिति, विकास, चुनौतियों तथा संभावनाओं का शोधपरक विश्लेषण करता है। बठिंडा एक ऐतिहासिक एवं सांस्कृतिक रूप से समृद्ध जिला है, जहाँ शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में स्वतंत्रता के पश्चात उल्लेखनीय प्रगति हुई है। वर्तमान में यह क्षेत्र शिक्षा, संस्कृति एवं कला का महत्वपूर्ण केंद्र बन चुका है। अध्ययन से स्पष्ट होता है कि जिले के विभिन्न विद्यालयों एवं महाविद्यालयों में संगीत शिक्षा का निरंतर विस्तार हो रहा है। अधिकांश संस्थानों में संगीत विषय कक्षा 6 से स्नातक स्तर तक पढ़ाया जा रहा है तथा विद्यार्थियों की संख्या निरंतर बढ़ रही है। संगीत शिक्षण में योग्य अध्यापक, व्यावहारिक प्रशिक्षण, वाद्य यंत्रों की उपलब्धता तथा ऑडियो-वीडियो सुविधाएँ महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा रही हैं।सरकारी राजिंदरा कॉलेज, आदर्श विद्यालय, स्मार्ट स्कूल एवं अन्य संस्थानों में संगीत शिक्षा की स्थिति सामान्यतः संतोषजनक पाई गई है, जहाँ विद्यार्थियों को सैद्धांतिक एवं व्यावहारिक दोनों प्रकार का प्रशिक्षण प्राप्त हो रहा है। वहीं केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय घुद्दा जैसे उच्च शिक्षण संस्थानों में संगीत में एम.ए. स्तर पर शोध एवं प्रदर्शन आधारित शिक्षा प्रदान की जा रही है, जहाँ विशेषज्ञ फैकल्टी और अकादमिक गतिविधियों के माध्यम से गुणवत्तापूर्ण प्रशिक्षण दिया जा रहा है।अध्ययन में यह भी पाया गया कि विद्यार्थियों की मंचीय गतिविधियों, प्रतियोगिताओं एवं सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रमों में भागीदारी बढ़ रही है तथा वे राष्ट्रीय स्तर तक उपलब्धियाँ प्राप्त कर रहे हैं।हालाँकि, कुछ प्रमुख चुनौतियाँ भी सामने आई हैं, जैसे—वित्तीय संसाधनों की कमी, वाद्य यंत्रों एवं तकनीकी उपकरणों का अभाव, अभ्यास के लिए सीमित समय एवं स्थान, तथा कुछ संस्थानों में संगीत को कैरियर के रूप में कम अपनाया जाना।अध्ययन के आधार पर सुझाव दिया गया है कि संगीत शिक्षा के लिए अतिरिक्त वित्तीय सहायता, आधुनिक तकनीकी संसाधनों का विस्तार, अधिक वाद्य यंत्रों की उपलब्धता, नियमित वर्कशॉप एवं प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रम तथा मंचीय अवसरों में वृद्धि आवश्यक है। अंततः निष्कर्ष यह निकलता है कि बठिंडा जिले में संगीत शिक्षा का समग्र स्तर प्रगतिशील एवं संतोषजनक है, परंतु यदि आधुनिक संसाधनों एवं नीतिगत सुधारों को लागू किया जाए तो यह क्षेत्र भविष्य में संगीत शिक्षा का एक सशक्त एवं आदर्श केंद्र बन सकता है।

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संगीत शिक्षा, बठिंडा जिला, शैक्षणिक संस्थान, भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत, संगीत प्रशिक्षण

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 Abstract

Factors Affecting Second Language Acquisition: A Discussion Dr Dimpirani Sarma Assistant Professor, Department of Assamese Jawaharlal Nehru College, Boko Kamrup, Assam, India Abstract: The study of the processes through which learners acquire second language is called second language acquisition (SLA). SLA is an important branch of Education, as well as Applied Linguistics. Nowadays, people have to learn one or more second languages in addition to their mother tongue or first language. There are different approaches to learning a second language. Several factors play a role in second language learning. In order to make the SLA a success, it is critical to identify the negative factors that affect the SLA. For example, anxiety, lack of appropriate environment, etc. prevent SLA from being successful. Therefore, SLA can be successful if such negative factors can be eliminated. This research paper highlights the various factors that effect in second language acquisition such as Cognitive biological Factors, Affective and Personality Factors or Attitudinal factors, Time and Environmental Factors etc.

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 Keywords

Key Words: Second language learning, language aptitude, Affective factors.

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